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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Paragliding accidents in remote areas.

Paragliding is an increasingly popular hobby, as people try to find new and more adventurous activities. However, there is an increased and inherent danger with this sport. For this reason, as well as the inexperience of many operators, injuries occur frequently. This retrospective study centers on the helicopter rescue of 70 individuals in paragliding accidents. All histories were examined, and 43 patients answered a questionnaire. Nineteen (42%) pilots were injured when taking off, 20 (44%) during the flight, and six (13%) when landing. Routine and experience did not affect the prevalence of accident. Analysis of the causes of accident revealed pilot errors in all but three cases. In 34 rescue operations a landing of the helicopter near the site of the accident was possible. Half of the patients had to be rescued by a cable winch or a long rope fixed to the helicopter. Seven (10%) of the pilots suffered multiple trauma, 38 (54%) had injuries of the lower extremities, and 32 (84%) of them sustained fractures. Injuries to the spine were diagnosed in 34 cases with a fracture rate of 85%. One patient had an incomplete paraplegia. Injuries to the head occurred in 17 patients. No paraglider pilot died. The average hospitalization was 22 days, and average time of working inability was 14 weeks. Fourteen (34%) patients suffered from a permanent damage to their nerves or joints. Forty-three percent of the paragliders continued their sport despite the accident; two of them had another accident. An improved training program is necessary to lower the incidence of paragliding accidents. Optimal equipment to reduce injuries in case of accidents is mandatory. The helicopter emergency physician must perform a careful examination, provide stabilization of airways and circulation, give analgesics, splint fractured extremities, and transport the victim on a vacuum mattress to the appropriate hospital.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Erysipelothrix endocarditis with previous cutaneous lesion: report of a case and review of the literature.

This report describes the first documented case of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis in Latin America. The patient was a 51-years-old male, moderate alcoholic, with a previous history of aortic failure. He was used to fishing and cooking as a hobby and had his left hand wounded by a fish-bone. The disease began with erysipeloid form and developed to septicemia and endocarditis. He was treated with antibiotics and surgery for aortic valve replacement. There are only 46 cases of E. rhusiopathiae endocarditis reported to date. The authors wonder if several other cases might go unreported for lack of microbiological laboratorial diagnosis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

[Incidence of the burnout syndrome among Brazilian cancer physicians].

BACKGROUND: The Burnout syndrome can be characterized by abnormalities in three domains: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and lack of personal realization (PR). In the medical profession, oncologists are especially prone to this syndrome. This study evaluates its prevalence among cancer physicians in Brazil correlating it to their demographic, work related variables and seeks possible solutions to prevent burnout. METHODS: We mailed three questionnaires (Maslach burnout inventory, general and opinion questionnaires) to all 645 members of the Brazilian Cancer Society and received 136 responses after 10 weeks. RESULTS: The response rate was of 21%. The burnout syndrome was present at moderate or severe levels in all three domains analyzed in 15.7% of the physicians. For each of these the frequency of moderate or severe dysfunction was analyzed and found to be present in 55.8% for EE, 96.1% for DP and 23.4% for RP. Practicing physical activity or having a hobby correlated significantly with lower levels of EE (p = 0.008) while working only for the private sector correlated with higher DP scores (p = 0.021). Cancer physicians pointed out that less paper work (73.5%) and a lower patient load (72.7%) were the most important factors for prevention of this syndrome. CONCLUSION: Burnout syndrome is frequent among Brazilian cancer physicians and further studies should be conducted to evaluate its prevalence and prevention among other sub specialists.

Brazil↗
PubMed1996

The effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on functional health and well-being in chronic dialysis patients.

As a component of the open-label, multicenter National Cooperative Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (Epo) Study, the health-related quality-of-life effects of Epo therapy were assessed in 484 dialysis patients who had not previously been treated with Epo therapy (New-to-Epo) and 520 dialysis patients who were already receiving Epo therapy at the time of study enrollment (Old-to-Epo). Using scales from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), health-related quality of life was assessed on study enrollment (baseline) and at an average of 99 days follow-up. At baseline, SF-36 scores for Old- and New-to-Epo patients were well below those observed in the general population, reflecting substantial impairments in functional status and well-being among patients with chronic renal failure. Significant improvements from baseline to follow-up were observed among New-to-Epo patients in vitality, physical functioning, social functioning, mental health, looking after the home, social life, hobbies, and satisfaction with sexual activity (P < 0.05 for each). The mean improvements in hematocrit values among New-to-Epo and Old-to Epo patients were 4.6 and 0.3, respectively. At the time of follow-up, SF-36 scores for New-to-Epo patients were comparable with those observed among Old-to-Epo patients, whose scores did not change significantly from baseline to follow-up. Analysis of the relationship between Epo therapy, hematocrit values, and health-related quality of life suggest that some of the beneficial quality-of-life effects of Epo are mediated through a change in hematocrit level.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

Angiographically confirmed coronary heart disease and periodontal disease in middle-aged males.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate whether an association could be demonstrated between coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic periodontitis in a population of middle-aged males in Northern Ireland. METHODS: A case-control design was used. Cases were men aged over 40 years with angiographically proven CHD. Controls were age-matched males, with no evidence of CHD, randomly drawn from the same locality as the cases. Each subject had a clinical periodontal examination and completed a detailed sociodemographic questionnaire. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured in serum by immunoturbidimetry. RESULTS: There were 92 cases (mean age 56.7 years; SD = 6.3) and 79 controls (mean age 58.2 years; SD = 6.7). The CHD cases had an average of three teeth less than the controls (P <0.0001). A higher proportion of sites examined in cases than controls had plaque (P = 0.004), bleeding on probing (P = 0.013), and probing depths of > or = 4 mm (P = 0.006) or > or = 6 mm (P = 0.03). Subjects with > or = 4 mm pocketing in more than 20% of their interproximal sites and those with deep pocketing (> or = 6 mm) were classified as having poor periodontal status. A total of 35 cases (38%), compared to only 13 controls (16%), had a poor periodontal status (P = 0.0017). Men with a poor periodontal condition had higher levels of CRP (median 2.19 mg/l) than those with good periodontal health (median 1.42 mg/l), P = 0.007. After adjusting for smoking, academic achievement, alcohol consumption, unemployment, ability to maintain body weight, regular exercise, ability to relax daily, having a hobby or pastime, plaque, and CRP, logistic regression analysis showed that poor periodontal status was significantly associated with CHD, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.06 and 95% confidence intervals of 1.02 to 9.17, P = 0.046. CONCLUSIONS: There was an association between coronary heart disease and poor periodontal status in the middle-aged males investigated. This association was independent of diabetes and all other cardiovascular risk factors investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Household solvent exposures and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with participation by household members in hobbies or other home projects involving organic solvents. METHODS: Participants in this case-control study were 640 subjects with ALL and 640 matched controls. RESULTS: Childhood ALL was associated with frequent (> 4 times/month) exposure to model building (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.7, 5.8) and artwork using solvents (OR = 4.1; 95% CI = 1.1, 15.1). We also found elevated risk (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1, 2.7) among children whose mothers lived in homes painted extensively (> 4 rooms) in the year before the children's birth. CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory study, substantial participation by household members in some common household activities that involve organic solvents was associated with elevated risks of childhood ALL.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Malignant tumor of the distal part of the femur or the proximal part of the tibia: endoprosthetic replacement or rotationplasty. Functional outcome and quality-of-life measurements.

BACKGROUND: The present study was performed to determine whether there is a difference, with regard to functional outcome and quality of life, between endoprosthetic replacement and rotationplasty for the treatment of malignant tumors of the distal part of the femur or the proximal part of the tibia. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients, between the ages of eleven and twenty-four years at the time of the diagnosis, had a malignant tumor of the distal part of the femur or the proximal part of the tibia. A rotationplasty was performed in thirty-three patients, and an endoprosthetic replacement was done in thirty-four patients. The median duration of follow-up was six years and one month (range, two years to sixteen years and two months). The scale developed by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society was used to evaluate the functional results. Quality-of-life issues were assessed with the questionnaire developed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. RESULTS: The patients who had had a rotationplasty had a mean functional score, according to the system of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, of 24 points, and the patients who had had an endoprosthetic replacement had a mean score of 25 points. This difference was not found to be significant, with the numbers available (p = 0.47). Only one patient who had had a rotationplasty used an assistive device when walking long distances, whereas six patients who had had an endoprosthetic replacement used an assistive device. This difference was significant (p<0.001). The quality-of-life questionnaire revealed that the patients who had had a rotationplasty could participate in hobbies such as carpentry and sports as well as in other daily activities to a significantly greater degree than those who had had an endoprosthetic replacement (p = 0.001). Restriction in daily activities due to pain was significantly less common in the group that had had a rotationplasty than it was in the group that had had an endoprosthetic replacement (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Rotationplasty was not associated with any disadvantages with regard to function or quality of life in comparison with endoprosthetic replacement. It is possible that the psychosocial outcome is influenced by the fact that patients who have a rotationplasty know that additional operative intervention is not usually necessary. Despite good functional and quality-of-life results, the cosmetic appearance may be the most serious disadvantage of rotationplasty. The decision to perform this procedure must be made on a case-by-case basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in children: clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), or extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is a form of immune-mediated inflammatory lung disease involving the distal portions of the lungs associated with intense or repeated exposure to a variety of finely dispersed environmental antigens. Although once believed to be a disease of adults because of its frequent association with the occupational setting, HP exists in the pediatric population and often goes unrecognized. Childhood HP is often associated with exposure to antigens in the home environment as well as with certain hobbies. Patients present in any one of the three disease stages: acute, subacute, and chronic, all with unique clinical presentations. Histopathologic findings depend on the disease stage at the time of evaluation. The immuno-pathogenesis is complex, but immune-complex (type III hypersensitivity) and cell-mediated (type IV hypersensitivity) immune responses appear to be the primary immune mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HP. Diagnosis can be very challenging. Although no single diagnostic or clinical laboratory test is available to diagnose HP, the most significant diagnostic tool is a detailed environmental exposure history. Avoidance of the inciting antigen is the most important form of treatment. Acute HP is responsive to antigen removal alone. However, a short course of prednisone for 2-3 weeks can be useful in patients with severe attacks. Subacute and chronic HP may require higher doses of corticosteroids for a longer duration (i.e. months); however, the long-term efficacy of using corticosteroids is still not well defined. As with most hypersensitivity diseases, early diagnosis provides the best prognosis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2006

Natural products from marine invertebrates and microbes as modulators of antitumor targets.

Over the last twenty-five to thirty years, exploration of the marine fauna and microbial flora has progressed from a random search by natural product chemists who liked to dive and wished to combine their hobby with their profession, to fully integrated programs of systemic investigation of the chemical agents elaborated by marine organisms of all phyla (as presumably defensive agents against predators) for their potential as leads to human-use drug candidates where the putative mechanisms have been identified as modulation of, and/or interaction with, potential molecular targets, rather than just exhibiting general cytotoxicity. This review is not exhaustive but is meant to cover the highlights of such agents and is arranged on a (nominal) target basis rather than by organism or chemical class.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Rural-urban differences in sociodemographic, social network and lifestyle factors related to mortality of middle-aged Japanese men from the Komo-Ise cohort study.

To examine rural-urban differences in the relationships of sociodemographic, social network, and lifestyle factors to mortality in middle-aged men, we used the data from a community based prospective cohort study, the Komo-Ise study. The subjects were all men aged 40-69 years living in Komochi Village, the rural group (n=2,295), or the downtown district of Isesaki City, the urban group (n=3,334), as of 1993. They completed a self-administered questionnaire in 1993 and were followed for all-cause deaths until 2000. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to compute relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Low educated men and men without a spouse in the rural group had an increased risk of mortality (RR=4.4; 95%CI: 1.1-18.2, RR=2.4; 95%CI: 1.2-4.5). Men who did not enjoy good fellowship with their neighbors in the rural group had a decreased risk of mortality (RR=0.58; 95%CI: 0.35-0.97). Mortality risks were significantly higher in urban men not participating in hobbies, club activities or community groups (RR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.4). These variables remained significant risk factors, even after controlling for all sociodemographic, social network, lifestyle, and health status variables. Educational level, marital status and relation to neighborhoods showed significant rural-urban differences.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Age identification in the framework of successful aging. A study of older Finnish people.

A person-oriented approach was used in a study of age identification among community-dwelling older people. The study was based on 8-year follow-up data; 843 persons aged 65-84 were involved in the first phase of the study, and 426 persons aged 73-92, in the second phase. Loosely, on the basis of the distinction between successful, usual, and pathological aging (Rowe & Kahn, 1987, 1997), participants were grouped according to their self-ratings of cognitive and physical functioning as "Positive," "Negative," and "Others." Participants possessing at least 4 out of the 5 criteria used as indicators of successful aging in the study (no illness or injury presenting problems in daily life, no health problems imposing limitations on hobbies, self-rated cognitive functioning better than satisfactory, age-comparative functional capacity as good, and no signs of depression) were assigned to the "Positive" group. The results showed these individuals typically to have a more youthful age identity, indicated by a lower feel age and thus a lower subjective age-perception score, lower mental, physical, and look ages, and a less frequently reported sense of age weighing on them. Moreover, this group reported a higher ideal age and had a chronological age satisfaction score closer to 0, suggesting higher satisfaction with chronological age. Also a tendency to set the onset of old age later and a willingness to live to 100 years of age were features that were more characteristic of the "Positive" than the other groups. The findings, supported by multivariate analyses, were in line with those of previous variable-oriented studies on age identification, suggesting that an association exists between perceptions of personal aging and physical and psychological well-being.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Peritendinitis calcarea of flexor carpi ulnaris.

Calcific tendinitis of the flexor carpi ulnaris presents a characteristic radiographic appearance of amorphous calcification near the pisiform. This calcification frequently is associated with acute symptoms and may be related to certain occupations and hobbies. Knowledge of the pertinent anatomic and radiographic criteria permits accurate diagnosis.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed2005

National survey of owner-directed aggression in English Springer Spaniels.

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of owner-directed aggression and identify associated environmental and genetic factors in English Springer Spaniels. DESIGN: Prevalence survey. ANIMALS: 1,053 adult English Springer Spaniels. PROCEDURE: A mail survey was sent to 2,400 randomly selected owners of adult American Kennel Club-registered English Springer Spaniels. Dogs with a history of aggression to family members and familiar humans were compared with dogs without such a history. RESULTS: 1,053 questionnaires (56.1% of the 1,877 delivered) were completed. A history of owner-directed growling or more intense aggression was reported in 510 (48.4%) dogs. Two hundred seventy-seven (26.3%) dogs had bitten a human in the past; 65.2% of bites were directed at familiar (owner or nonowner) adults and children. Variables associated with owner-directed aggression included sex of dog (male), neuter status (neutered, regardless of sex), show or bench lines, age > 4 years, aggression to unfamiliar adults and children, acquisition from a hobby breeder, less responsiveness to obedience cues, and a specific kennel and 1 popular sire from that kennel in a 4-generation pedigree. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Owner-directed aggression in adult English Springer Spaniels was associated with a number of environmental, sex-related, and inherited factors. To reduce the risk of aggression, prospective owners might seek a female, hunting-type English Springer Spaniel from an experienced breeder. However, because risk factors are broad and varied, there are limitations to the extent to which behavior can be predicted and further study is needed of the inheritance of aggression in this breed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality of life and state of health for patients with cancer in the head and neck.

Quality of life is an important factor for patients with cancer in the head and neck region and this factor has not previously been investigated in such patients. A series of 52 patients with head and neck cancer and 104 control subjects answered a questionnaires including two questions concerning health, one question concerning quality of life and one group of questions covering the health index proposed by Grogono & Woodgate (1971). The control series consisted of subjects of the same age, sex and domiciliary district as each of the cancer patients (two for each patient). There was a very high correlation between the answers to each of the four questions. The results were evaluated with special reference to patients who reported poor health and a low quality of life and the material was classified into patients with good vs. poor prognosis. There was a very high correlation between poor prognosis and low health index/low quality of life. Among the factors in the Grogono-Woodgate index, ability to work, physical and mental well-being, ability to eat and enjoy food, hobbies and leisure activities, and communication were better among patients with a good vis-à-vis a poor prognosis. The interval from diagnosis had no effect on the results. Patients with a considerable postoperative handicap reported a comparatively good health status. Cancer patients with a good prognosis often reported better health than the control subjects, but this difference was only significant for the total Grogono-Woodgate index.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Psychosocial adaptation to ileostomy: a study after construction of conventional and continent stomies.

Psychosocial adaptation to conventional (n = 33) and to continent (n = 35) ileostomies was compared at a mean interval of 8 years after surgery. At the interview those with conventional ileostomies expressed better preoperative comprehension of the procedure and more satisfaction about its life-saving nature; nevertheless, they experienced more negative emotional reactions, such as bitterness, after the operation. Those with continent ileostomies were more often highly satisfied with their present situation (20% versus 6%; p less than 0.01). Significant limitations in work (15% versus 3%), hobbies (12% versus 0%), social contacts (9% versus 0%), sexual life (6% versus 0%), and mental health (3% versus 0%) were reported constantly less in the continent ileostomy group. Differences were even clearer when the patients with continent stomies compared their present situation with that before conversion of conventional stomy. Patient satisfaction could not be explained by underlying personality features or by psychopathology and was probably the result of the continent ileostomy reconstruction itself. From the psychosocial point of view the use of the Kock continent ileostomy received further support, even though it constituted a higher risk of surgical complications.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Life with an ileal conduit in cystectomized bladder cancer patients: expectations and experience.

Before total cystectomy for bladder cancer 59 patients answered a questionnaire dealing with the "quality of life" they expected after performance of an ileal conduit. Forty-nine relapse-free patients filled in a comparable questionnaire after a median of 36 months following total cystectomy. In the majority of patients the overall "quality of life" was considered as good after total cystectomy though moderate changes of the daily, professional and social life were frequent. Information to the patient before cystectomy must be improved, especially concerning post-operative sexual problems and necessary modifications of social activities (sport, hobbies, travelling). A social worker, a urostomy patient group and a stoma-therapist should all be put in contact with any patient in whom an ileal conduit is planned.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1981

Early noise-induced hearing loss in teenage boys.

A hearing examination of 538 teenage boys in vocational school classes--implying future on-the-job noise exposure--showed a hearing loss (greater than 20 dB HL at any frequency) in 15% of the cases. Few correlations could be demonstrated between hearing loss and specific leisure time activities. There was, however, a correlation between high frequency hearing loss in the left ear and hereditary hearing loss. The most affected frequency was 6 kHz, suggesting a noise etiology--a suggestion emphasized by the noisy hobbies of these teenagers. It cannot be excluded that a hereditary deficiency could either manifest itself as a localized dip at 6 kHz or reveal itself as an increased vulnerability to noise, identified at young age as a high frequency dip at 6 kHz.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Retirement: what happens to the marriage.

The focus of this descriptive study was to examine what happens to the marriage at retirement. The data were to serve as a basis for further investigation toward the creation of a marital enhancement program at retirement. Purposeful sampling was used to identify the 10 couples who were involved in the study. Findings from this study indicated that an effective marital enhancement program at retirement would consider the following factors: changes in roles and identity were significant stressors during this time; the communication of thoughts was more frequent than the communication of feelings; spouses became increasingly aware of their partners' faults during retirement; men appeared to be more satisfied in retirement than their wives; hobbies and time spent together did not change following retirement; children served as important topics of conversation and sources of pride and thought; time spent with children following retirement did not increase; and children were often unaware of the challenges and changes faced by their parents at retirement.

Female↗