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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

The effects of childhood residence in Japan and testing language on cognitive performance in late life among Japanese American men in Hawaii.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association of years spent in Japan during childhood with cognitive test performance in late life among Japanese American men, and to assess the influence of the language used for testing on this association. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3734 Japanese American men, aged 71-93 years, who were first- or second-generation migrants and living on Oahu Island, Hawaii. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome variable was cognitive test performance assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), which was developed for cross-cultural studies of cognitive impairment. The explanatory variable of main interest was the number of years spent in Japan during school-age childhood years (ages 6-17). The associations of CASI scores with childhood years in Japan was evaluated using a stepwise multiple linear regression model in which a total of 40 potential confounders were included as covariates. RESULTS: In the total sample, there was an inverse association between CASI scores and middle childhood years in Japan. This association remained significant after controlling for age, education, socioeconomic status, traditional Japanese food consumption, pulmonary function, apolipoprotein E4, proficiency in speaking Japanese, and other possible confounders. When data were analyzed separately for subgroups according to the language preferred at testing (English or Japanese), associations between childhood years in Japan and CASI scores were in opposite directions negative for the group tested in English and positive for the group tested in Japanese. The interaction between the testing language and childhood years in Japan was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There was an inverse association between years spent in Japan during school-age years of childhood and cognitive test performance in late life. This association could not be accounted for by age, education, or other confounding factors. However, this finding was not observed in participants who preferred being tested in Japanese. To assess cognitive test performance in older people, it is of prime importance to use the most optimal language for testing, usually the subject's native language.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal and postpartum care in Hawaii: a community-based approach.

Given the problems of access, retention, and relevant prenatal care content, supplements to existing programs for health-care delivery during pregnancy and after birth are necessary. This article describes a community-based approach to prenatal and postpartum care that has been developed to address these issues. Culturally sensitive strategies were created for use with Hawaiian, Filipino, and Japanese women living on the island of Hawaii. Six nursing care and community outreach interventions were used. Local public health nurses assisted in developing the program and are responsible for its coordination and implementation.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2006

Descriptive epidemiology of hemivertebrae, Hawaii, 1986-2002.

The intent of this study was to report on the epidemiology of hemivertebrae. Cases were derived from a population-based birth defects registry in Hawaii and comprised all infants and fetuses with hemivertebrae delivered during 1986-2002. Hemivertebrae rates per 10 000 births were determined for selected factors and comparisons made by calculating the rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Forty-two cases of hemivertebrae were identified, for a total rate of 1.33. Forty-one of the cases were live births, of which 26.83% expired within one year after delivery. Other major structural birth defects were found in 95.24% of the cases. The most frequent associated defect was scoliosis, affecting 54.76% of the cases. The rate among females was significantly lower than among males (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.23-0.94). The rate was lower with maternal age > or =35 years (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.10-1.57) and higher with birth weight < 2500 g (RR 5.96, 95% CI 2.84-11.90) and gestational age < 38 weeks (RR 3.94, 95% CI 2.01-7.64). The majority of hemivertebrae cases had other major structural birth defects. Hemivertebrae occurred predominantly among males and risk was lower with increased maternal age. Rates for hemivertebrae were higher with lower birth weight and gestational age. Further population-based research involving larger study populations are recommended to confirm these observations.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Student accidents in Hawaii's public schools.

A survey of the student accident report forms was conducted in Hawaii public schools. Review of the data gathered during one school year revealed that the intermediate grade level had the highest number of school accidents with males, in a 2.1:1 ratio, more involved in accidents than females. Although no deaths occurred, there were a significant number of school accidents and school days lost to warrant the need for safety education. The accident report forms were reviewed and data summarized by the school nurses working within the schools. Because the information provided in the accident report forms was so varied, it was not possible to make a recommendation as to any specific restriction of activities. However, the survey revealed a need to strengthen the criteria for reporting accidents.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed2004

Ethnic variation in drinking, drug use, and sexual behavior among adolescents in Hawaii.

This study examined ethnic differences in substance use and sexual behavior and whether drinking and drug use constitute risk factors for unsafe sexual practices among Native Hawaiian (NH), Caucasian, and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) high school students in Hawaii. A secondary data analysis of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (1997 and 1999) using a representative sample of 2,657 students in 9-12 grades was performed. Chi-square tests for bivariate associations and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors. NHs were more sexually active, initiated sex earlier, and tended to have multiple partners. Alcohol lifetime use was higher in NH, Caucasians, and males. NHs were more likely to initiate drinking by age 12 and engage more in episodic drinking. Non-episodic or episodic drinkers and students who use drugs were at risk to engage in sexual activity, have multiple partners, and use alcohol/drugs during sex. Risk was two times higher for substance use during sex if drinking was initiated at age 10 or younger compared to 15 years or older. Compared to abstainers, the risk doubled for lifetime multiple partners if drinking was initiated at ages 13-14. Overall, females were more sexually active. Because drinking was associated with sexual initiation and risky behavior, adverse effects of alcohol must be addressed in programs targeting underage drinking, thus helping youth delay or minimize sexual activity and prevent other associated problems. Intervention efforts should enhance life skills that endorse abstinence from alcohol and drug use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Intraethnic violence in a Hawaii school: a mental health consultation experience.

This paper explores the dynamics of a violent confrontation between local-born and immigrant Filipino students in a Hawaii high school. Social and psychological issues underlying the incident are considered, and pragmatic aspects of mental health consultation during a crisis situation in a school setting are discussed.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2004

Localization of marine mammals near Hawaii using an acoustic propagation model.

Humpback whale songs were recorded on six widely spaced receivers of the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) hydrophone network near Hawaii during March of 2001. These recordings were used to test a new approach to localizing the whales that exploits the time-difference of arrival (time lag) of their calls as measured between receiver pairs in the PMRF network. The usual technique for estimating source position uses the intersection of hyperbolic curves of constant time lag, but a drawback of this approach is its assumption of a constant wave speed and straight-line propagation to associate acoustic travel time with range. In contrast to hyperbolic fixing, the algorithm described here uses an acoustic propagation model to account for waveguide and multipath effects when estimating travel time from hypothesized source positions. A comparison between predicted and measured time lags forms an ambiguity surface, or visual representation of the most probable whale position in a horizontal plane around the array. This is an important benefit because it allows for automated peak extraction to provide a location estimate. Examples of whale localizations using real and simulated data in algorithms of increasing complexity are provided.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Emerging in vitro resistance to quinolones in penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in Hawaii.

The susceptibilities of 37 penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG), isolated in Hawaii from December 1991 through January 1994, were determined to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, fluoroquinolone agents currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as alternative regimens for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. Nine isolates (24.3%) exhibited decreased susceptibilities (MICs, > or = 0.06 microgram/ml) to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin MICs for three isolates (8.1%) were 2.0 micrograms/ml; these isolates belonged to the auxotype/serovar class Pro/IB-7 and possessed the 3.2-MDa beta-lactamase and the 24.5-MDa conjugative plasmids. Six strains for which ciprofloxacin MICs were 0.06 to 0.125 microgram/ml belonged to a variety of gonococcal phenotypes. Strains for which ciprofloxacin MICs were 2.0 micrograms/ml were isolated from persons who had traveled to, or were sexual contacts of persons who had recently traveled to, Southeast Asia. Persons infected with these isolates had been treated with ceftriaxone (250 mg intramuscularly, single dose); therefore, none of these cases were associated with clinical failure following the use of fluoroquinolone therapy. Further studies are needed to confirm the clinical and public health significance of increased in vitro resistance to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in N. gonorrhoeae.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1976

Influence of sewage discharge on nitrogen fixation and nitrogen flux from coral reefs in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii.

Nitrogen fixation was investigated in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, a subtropical eutrophic estuary, by using the acetylene reduction technique on algal samples. No active, planktonic, N2-fixing blue-green algae or bacteria were observed. However, Calothrix and Nostoc capable of fixing N2 were cultured from navigational buoys and dead coral heads. Nitrogen fixation associated with these structures was greater in the middle sector than in the south and north sectors of the estuary. Experiments demonstrated that the fixation was photosynthetically dependent. Examination of the data showed that there was no significant correlation between rates of nitrogen fixation and concentration of combined nitrogen compounds in the Bay water. Fixation was significantly correlated to the inorganic N/P (atomic) ratio in the south and middle sectors but not in the north sector. The nutrient data indicate there was a flux of combined nitrogen, but not phosphate, from the reef flats.

Acetylene↗
PubMed1994

Estimation of diversity and community structure through restriction fragment length polymorphism distribution analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes from a microbial mat at an active, hydrothermal vent system, Loihi Seamount, Hawaii.

PCR was used to amplify (eu)bacterial small-subunit (16S) rRNA genes from total-community genomic DNA. The source of total-community genomic DNA used for this culture-independent analysis was the microbial mats from a deep-sea, hydrothermal vent system, Pele's Vents, located at Loihi Seamount, Hawaii. Oligonucleotides complementary to conserved regions in the 16S rRNA-encoding DNA (rDNA) of bacteria were used to direct the synthesis of PCR products, which were then subcloned by blunt-end ligation into phagemid vector pBluescript II. Restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, created by using tandem tetrameric restriction endonucleases, revealed the presence of 12 groups of 16S rRNA genes representing discrete operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The rank order abundance of these putative OTUs was measured, and the two most abundant OTUs accounted for 72.9% of all of the 16S rDNA clones. Among the remaining 27.1% of the 16S rDNA clones, none of the 10 OTUs was represented by more than three individual clones. The cumulative OTU distribution for 48 bacterial 16S rDNA clones demonstrated that the majority of taxa represented in the clone library were detected, a result which we assume to be an estimate of the diversity of bacteria in the native hydrothermal vent habitat. 16S rDNA fingerprinting of individual clones belonging to particular OTUs by using an oligonucleotide probe that binds to a universally conserved region of the 16S rDNA fragments was conducted to confirm OTU specificity and 16S rDNA identity.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Vibrio alginolyticus infections in Hawaii.

Clinical and bacteriological features of eight cases of Vibrio alginolyticus infections in Hawaii are presented. These isolates occurred in superficial sites, primarily related to infections caused by swimming.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolates in Hawaii.

Clinical and bacteriological features of nine cases in which Achromobacter xylosoxidans were isolated in Hawaii are described. Five cases were ear infections mixed with other gram-negative bacteria. Colonial morphology, xylose oxidation, peritrichous flagella staining, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern assisted in separating this bacterium from other nonfermentative, oxidase-positive, gram-negative rods.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1978

Drowning risks to epileptic children: a study from Hawaii.

The role of epileptiform seizures in causing drowning and near-drowning among children was studied by examining the case reports of all 140 childhood immersion accidents that occurred in an area of Hawaii over five years. Four of the 140 immersion accidents were caused partly by epileptiform seizures, but none were fatal. The combined results of the Hawaiian and Brisbane studies (total population studied over five years 1 600 000) showed that no epileptic children died from accidents in the sea or in swimming pools; and the 2.9% incidence of immersion accidents due to seizures in the Hawaiian study compares well with the incidence found in other series. If an epileptic child is mentally normal, well controlled with anticonvulsants, and supervised in the water then the risk of drowning is very small.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Declaration of Hawaii.

We are printing in full the text of the Declaration of Hawaii, a Code of Ethics adapted by the World Psychiatric Association at its meeting in Honolulu in August 1977. The text is followed by a brief commentary from Dr Clarence Blomquist, the person responsible for drawing up the draft code. Dr Blomquist argues that the main function of a code of this kind is to supply general guidelines which will alert psychiatrists to the ethical problems and moral traps of their profession.

Codes of Ethics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of demographic factors on prenatal diagnosis and elective pregnancy termination because of abdominal wall defects, Hawaii, 1986-1997.

OBJECTIVE: The intent of this study was to investigate the impact of various demographic factors on the antenatal diagnosis and elective termination of abdominal wall defect pregnancies. METHOD: Data were obtained from a birth defects registry in Hawaii between 1986 and 1997. RESULTS: The antenatal diagnosis rate was higher for gastroschisis than for omphalocele (76 vs. 60%). However, gastroschisis pregnancies were substantially less frequently electively terminated than omphalocele pregnancies (8 vs. 29%). Factors such as year of diagnosis and delivery, maternal age, race/ethnicity, residence, and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening affected the prenatal diagnosis and/or elective termination of both omphalocele and gastroschisis pregnancies, but frequently in different ways. CONCLUSION: This investigation determined that antenatal diagnosis and elective termination varied with the type of abdominal wall defect and selected demographic factors.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal diagnosis and elective termination of neural tube defects in Hawaii, 1986-1997.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of various factors on the prenatal diagnosis and elective termination of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Hawaii in 1986-1997. METHODS: Data from a birth defects registry were analyzed and included 245 cases. RESULTS: 74% of the cases were prenatally diagnosed and 48% were terminated. Anencephaly was more likely to be prenatally diagnosed and electively terminated than spina bifida or encephalocele. Other factors such as maternal age, race/ethnicity, place of residence, and elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein influenced the prenatal diagnosis and/or elective termination of NTD-affected pregnancies. However, a given factor may influence prenatal diagnosis and elective termination in different ways. CONCLUSIONS: Various diagnostic and demographic factors can influence the prenatal diagnosis and the subsequent termination of NTD-affected pregnancies.

Abortion, Induced↗