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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Phosphorus in swine. VI. Utilization of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus and reproductive performance of gravid gilts fed two dietary phosphorus levels for five parities.

Sixty-two gilts were paired at breeding and assigned randomly to one of the following dietary treatments: (1) low P or (2) high P during gestation and lactation. Two sets of diets (A and B) were formulated; each set to provide a low (10 g) and high (15 g) daily P intake (equal Ca daily intake, 15 g) when fed at 1.82 and 2.27 kg daily, respectively for sets A and B. Females were fed 1.82 kg daily of set A diets during the first 11 wk of gestation, 2.27 kg daily of set B diets for the next 3 wk and 3.34 kg of the appropriate set B diets containing 20% wheat bran until farrowing, at which time the bran was gradually removed from set B diets and the feed level increased to 4 kg daily until weaning. The proportions of defluorinated phosphate and limestone were varied to provide the appropriate level of Ca and P (low and high). At approximately 5 wk before farrowing at each parity, up to 12 females from each group were used in Ca, P and N balance trials that lasted about 2 wk. Dietary P intake did not affect the apparent absorption and retention of N and Ca; 88% of the consumed N was absorbed and one-half of the absorbed was retained, and 37% of the Ca was absorbed and 94% of the absorbed was retained. Females fed the higher P intake, although excreting higher levels of P in the feces and urine, absorbed and retained a larger amount of P; but the low P-fed sows were more efficient in the retention of P when expressed as a percentage of intake or as a percentage of the absorbed P. With the exception of average total litter weight at birth that favored high P-fed sows, live, dead and total pigs at birth, average birth weight and breeding performance were not statistically different between P levels. Except for the first parity, most characteristics favored sows fed the higher P intake. Serum Ca and P levels and hair P concentration were similar between P levels. Hair Ca concentration, however, was higher for the high P-fed sows. Sows fed the higher daily P intake retained more P and there was a trend for better farrowing performance. However, breeding performance, serum Ca and P levels, hair P concentrations and Ca and N balance were similar between dietary P intakes. These results would support current National Research Council-suggested Ca and P levels for sows.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Blood flow, steroid secretion and nutrient uptake of the gravid uterus during the periparturient period in sows.

Blood flow to one uterine horn of six Yorkshire sows was measured daily from d-22 to 0 (d of parturition) using an electromagnetic blood flow transducer surgically implanted around the middle uterine artery. Immediately after measurement of uterine arterial blood flow (UABF), samples of femoral arterial (FA) and uterine venous (UV) blood were collected via indwelling catheters and concentrations of progesterone, estrone and estradiol-17 beta, oxygen, glucose, total alpha-amino acid N and urea N were determined. Throughout the experimental period, sows were maintained in farrowing stalls. Surgical procedures used in this study had no effect on length of gestation, litter size, number of live piglets born or average weight of live piglets when compared with noninstrumented littermate controls. The UABF remained constant from d-22 through -1, then declined dramatically on the day of parturition with delivery of the fetuses and placentae. Concentration of progesterone in FA and UV blood of sows remained constant from d-22 to -3, but was higher (P less than .01) in FA (12.68 +/- .48 ng/ml) than in UV (7.56 +/- .20 ng/ml) blood. Progesterone concentrations in FA and UV blood began to decline 2 d before parturition to reach low levels on d 1. Estrone and estradiol-17 beta concentrations were greater (P less than .01) in UV than in FA blood, and increased progressively from d -22 to reach peak levels on d -4 through -1 which averaged 7,245 +/- 655 and 1,001 +/- 88 pg/ml in UV blood and 3,923 +/- 157 and 547 +/- 35 pg/ml in FA blood, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Blood flow and steroid and nutrient uptake of the gravid uterus and fetus of sows.

Uterine and umbilical blood samples and blood flow (BF) measurements were obtained from one uterine horn and a single fetus of sows at d 70, 90 and 110 of gestation. Concentrations of O2 in blood and of estrogen (E), progesterone (P), glucose, alpha-amino nitrogen (N) and urea N in plasma were determined. Fetal weights were .267 +/- .018, .633 +/- .019 and 1.208 +/- .073 kg on d 70, 90 and 110, respectively. Uterine and umbilical BF remained constant with day of gestation, averaging 1.51 +/- .06 and .31 +/- .02 liters/min. Uptake of P by a uterine horn and fetus remained constant, but secretion of E by a uterine horn and uptake of E by a fetus increased (P less than .05) with stage of gestation. Uterine and fetal uptake of O2, glucose and alpha-amino N did not change and uptake of O2, glucose and alpha-amino N per kg fetus decreased (P less than .01) as gestation advanced. Secretion of urea N from the uterus was observed, with a concentration gradient from the fetal to the uterine circulations. Uterine and fetal respiratory quotients for glucose were .79 and .38, respectively. Thus, although glucose potentially served as a major energy source, a large portion of the energy requirements of the fetal pig were met by catabolism of other substrates. The decrease in umbilical BF and uptake of nutrients per kg fetus with day of gestation suggested that porcine fetal metabolism declined as pregnancy advanced.

Amino Acids↗