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PubMed1986

Geography of the nose: a morphometric study.

The noses of 34 attractive young North American Caucasian women were analyzed quantitatively, based on 19 nasal measurements (6 single and 7 paired linear measurements, 3 angles, and 3 inclinations) and 15 craniofacial measurements (10 linear measurements and 5 inclinations) taken directly from the face of the women. The relationship between the nasal measurements was studied in 16 proportion indices and the relationship between the nasal and the other craniofacial measurements in 13 interareal indices. The findings were also compared with those in 21 women with below-average faces. Two types of facial harmony disruption were identified: disharmony, a normal index with a visually apparent failure of proportionality, and disproportion, an index value outside of the normal range. The percentage of disharmonies and disproportions was significantly higher in the group of 21 women with below-average faces. The study revealed a wide variety of "ideal" noses. Only a small portion of the measurements (12%) and proportion indices (7%) were at the mean value. At least two-thirds of the interareal proportion indices were located in the mean +/- 1 standard deviation portion of the normal range. Only about one-fifth of the interareal indices were disharmonious and 2.8% disproportionate. The disproportions were more areal in the attractive faces and more interareal in the below-average faces. The greatest disproportion in the attractive face was the moderately short columella in relation to the tip protrusion and in the below-average face the long nasal bridge related to the upper-lip height. Disproportions were associated with combinations of normal and abnormal measurements, or with two normal measurements of unequal quality, which resulted in a slightly smaller disfigurement. Analysis of ethnic and racial differences showed the soft nose as the main feature of the most characteristic differences. The study revealed that the key to restoration of facial harmony is the renewal of the uniformity of proportion index qualities by elimination disharmonies and/or disproportionate relationships.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Quality of life and care in leukemia, myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives, and effects of geography and time.

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P less than 0.05). Similarly, relatives of decreased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P less than 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P less than 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P less than 0.001). The opinions of patients were similar to those of their relatives. However, the relatives of leukemia patients were even more satisfied with the contact with the medical staff than the patients themselves (P less than 0.05). As many as 10-30% of the relatives never gave up hope for their relative's survival. Only two out of 27 deaths were considered not dignified. The lung carcinoma patients reported a less good quality of life (P less than 0.001), and less satisfaction with the information given (P less than 0.01), than the hematological patients from the same year. Similarly, their attitude to the medical care improved less (P less than 0.01), and they were less content with the general care than the leukemia group (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The geography of DST.

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PubMed1988

Privatising residential care for elderly people: the geography of developments in Devon, England.

The growth in numbers of very elderly people is becoming a trend in many Western societies. Often, these people may come to require some kind of assisted living environment. In Britain during the 1980s the overwhelming growth of residential accommodation has been in the private rather than the public sector. This has links with a number of other trends in health care and other sectors of the economy which are moving towards privatisation. The reasons for this are discussed and a case study of the county of Devon introduced. A survey of about one-quarter of all 450 homes in the county in mid-1984 revealed that they had important characteristics as small businesses. Countywide, a marked concentration of private residential homes has developed in some coastal 'holiday' locations. However, there have recently been changes in this pattern and growth of numbers of homes in some main towns also. There have been certain adverse reactions to the growth of homes and in a few areas, planning authorities have attempted to prevent the development of local concentrations of homes. This has been related to other policies elsewhere to prevent the concentration and ghettoisation of service-dependent groups. The nature and results of such planning policies are briefly considered. The paper addresses the overall questions of the type of care we wish to provide for our elderly people and whether privatisation of this aspect of health and welfare services is justified. This poses an important area of research for medical geographers interested in service delivery and aspects of equity in health care provision.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Geography of cancer of the esophagus].

A review of available data on the epidemiology of oesophageal cancer from different parts of the world as well as an analysis of new findings, suggests the following conclusions: 1. A peculiar incidence pattern of the disease exists worldwide with roughly 500-fold differences in rates (truncated) between the highest and lowest risk areas. 2. Males are generally affected more than females, with a few exceptions such as the very high risk regions of northern Iran. The highest male: female sex ratios (based on truncated incidence rates) have been reported from Normandy and Brittany (25:1) and the lowest ratios from South Gorgan in northern Iran (0.5:1). 3. There is evidence that the frequency of oesophageal cancer is rising over time in many regions, particularly among the black population of the United States and in England and France. 4. Most of the areas reflecting a very high incidence of this disease are located in poorer parts of the world. 5. The frequency of this disease varies among the native and migrated population in different countries.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗