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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Determination of phenylethanoid glycosides from Cistanche deserticola in spring and autumn with LC-MS].

OBJECTIVE: To have a contrast study on phenylethanoid glycosides from Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma collected in different seasons. METHODS: LC/MS method has been applied for the analysis of four kinds of phenylethanoid glycosides compunds (echinacoside, acteoside, cistanoside A and 2'-acetylacteoside) from Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma in spring and autumn. RESULTS: According to the special MS spectra and HPLC chromatogram, this four kinds of phenylethanoid glycosides compounds were detected in each Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, but the content is considerable different except the acteoside. CONCLUSION: The content of phenylethanoid glycosides from Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma in different seasons has a difference from each other, the quality of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma is also different.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed2003

[Initial discussion of mice acute hepatic injury caused by Tripterygium glycosides].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the mechanism of mice acute hepatic injury caused by tripterygium glycosides tablets with different dose at different time. METHOD: Mice were given Tripterygium Glycosides respectively with the dosage of 10 times, 20 times, 30 times of clinical dose to observe the change of mice acute hepatic injury with different does; then, the acute hepatic injury mice were duplicated with 20 times clinical dosage and mice serum ALT were detected at 9, 18, 27, 36 h to observe the change of mice acute hepatic injury at different time. The activity of SOD, GSH-Px in serum and the level of LPO in liver homogenate wevedetected to discuss the mechanism of mice acute hepatic injury caused by Tripterygium Glycosides tablets; and liver tissue pathology was observed. RESULT: The acute hepatic injury was obvious with 20 times adult dosage in 18 hours and the acute hepatic injury mice death rate was low. CONCLUSION: Tripterygium Glycosides tablets can cause acute hepatic injury to mice and its mechanism is related to Lipid peroxidation reaction.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adaptogenic effects of furostanol glycosides of Dioscorea deltoidea wall on oxidative processes in tomato plants in biotic stress].

The effect of furostanol glycosides of cell culture of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall on oxidative processes in tomato plants subjected to invasion with the gall nematode Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid et White was studied. We showed that furostanol glycosides induce a nonspecific defensive response in plants. Exposure of cell membranes to furostanol glycosides cause rearrangements in fatty acids resulting in the formation of conjugated dienes, which makes molecules thermodynamically more stable under stress conditions. The study of changes in the activity of peroxidases of intact plants and plants affected with the nematode, which were treated with furostanol glycosides, showed that the protective effect of the guaiacol-dependent peroxidase is more long-term than the effect of the benzidine-dependent peroxidase.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2005

[HPLC fingerprinting of total glycosides of Swertia franchetiana].

AIM: To establish a sensitive and specific HPLC method for controlling the quality of total glycosides from Swertia franchetiana H. Smith. METHODS: HPLC method was applied for quality and quantitative assessment of the pharmaceutical extracts from Swertia franchetiana H. Smith. The preparation of sample, the HPLC column, mobile phase, elution mode (isocratic or gradient) and gradient program were optimized in order to obtain HPLC profile. The HPLC system consisted of a SPD-1OAvp pump, SPD-M1OAVP photodiode-array detector (PAD), SIL-10ADVP auto injector. Data were acquired and processed with the CLASS-VP6.1 workstation. HPLC analysis was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4. 6 mm ID, 5 microm) with methanol and water as mobile phase. The column temperature was set up at 40 degrees C and the flow-rate was 1 mL x min(-1). The reference solution of chemical standards and sample were injected into HPLC system, separately. RESULTS: The HPLC chromatographic fingerprinting of the total glycosides, showing 16 characteristic peaks which were partitioned into three parts: one peak in 0-10 min of retention time, nine peaks containing main 1-7 peaks in 10-15 min of retention time, 6 peaks in 15-30 min of retention time, was established from 10 lots of their products. By comparison of the retention time and the on-line UV spectra and their molecule weights of chemical standards, peak 1-7 were identified as swertiamarin (1), gentiopicroside (2), sweroside (3), isoorientin (4), swertisin (5), isoswertisin (6) and swetianolin (7), respectively. The ratios of peak area between 1-16 were in their extent. Moreover, comparison of the HPLC profiles of the total glycosides, the extracts prepared using another process and the plant indicated that they were closely related to each other. CONCLUSION: The HPLC profiles and quantitative assessment of the total glycosides from Swertia franchetiana H. Smith with high specificity can be used to control their quality and assure lot to lot consistency.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1977

[Problems of combined therapy with cardiac glycosides and anti-anginal drugs (author's transl)].

The rational use of cardiac glycosides and anti-anginal drugs is deduced on the basis of the pathophysiological interdependence between cardiac and coronary insufficiency. With respect to therapeutic influence on myocardial function and oxygen balance the following rules ought to be regarded: 1. The use of cardiac glycosides should be restricted to patients with cardiac insufficiency in which these drugs are able to reduce the myocardial oxygen consumption due to the hemodynamic consquences of the positive-inotropic action. 2. Organic nitrates and/or beta-receptor blocking agents are compatible with simultaneous cardiac glycoside therapy, but both must be applied according to the individual requirement. 3. Coronary dilators are of questionable value in the therapy of coronary insufficiency, an additional advantage of a combination with cardiac glycosides still has to be proven. 4. There is no rational basis for the use of fixed combinations of these drugs, they do not allow effective and/or safe therapy.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

Morphological examination of cardiac glycoside in myocardial cells.

The present study primarily focuses on the analysis of digoxin binding of the heart muscle cells. The primary aim of the investigation was to demonstrate cardiac glycoside morphologically. In immunohistochemistry the development of recent years has been provided by the application of monoclonal antibodies and their Fab fragments by the application of monoclonal antibodies as reagents. The direct immunofluorescence method with digoxin specific monoclonal antibody or Fab fragments and FITC or peroxidase conjugated antisera are useful for morphological examination of digoxin binding and localization in cardiac muscle cells. The newly developed immunofluorescence and electron microscopic methods for determination morphologically of digoxin binding on the cell membrane were evaluated with regard to reproducibility, accuracy and specificity of drug binding. With immunofluorescence and electronmicroscopic methods, linkage can be observed on the sarcolemma membrane and on the cell wall of capillary and arterioles in myocardial cells treated by cardiac glycoside. The specificity of reaction is provided by the negative reaction of cells, not treated by digoxin. Intensity of reaction depends on the concentration. It shows the sensitivity of method that cardiac glycoside linked to the cell membrane can be detected in the upper sphere of therapeutic dose. Application of immunofluorescence method is manifold and relatively simple and quick method which can be used in diagnostics. The electronmicroscopic peroxidase method is a useful method to study of localization of cardiac glycoside receptors of cell membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Quantitative aspects of specific binding of cardiac glycosides to membrane receptors].

Although the exact mechanism of positive inotropic action of cardiac glycosides is unknown, specific membrane bound proteins with high affinity for this group of drugs have been characterized. These "receptors" for cardiac glycosides have been measured quantitatively in cardiac tissue of humans and several species as well as in other tissues. The occupation of receptors by cardioactive steroids has been found to agree quantitatively with the drug effects in respect to inhibition of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and in respect to positive inotropy (these experiments were performed in electrically stimulated contracting cardiac muscle). Changes in receptor concentration or receptor properties have been observed in hyperthyroidism, chronic hypokalaemia, thalassaemia or in acutely changed serum concentrations of K+, Ca++ and several drugs. These changes may be of great significance in patients treated with cardiac glycosides as their effects are not reflected by the serum concentration of cardiac glycosides. The understanding of drug-receptor-interactions on the molecular level--especially under the pathological conditions in the patient--will increase our diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge.

Calcium↗
PubMed1975

Glycoprotein biosynthesis: studies on thyroid mannosyltransferases. I. Action on glycopeptides and simple glycosides.

A particulate fraction from calf thyroid catalyzes the transfer of mannose from GDP-mannose to exogenous glycopeptides and methyl or aryl glycosides to form alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-D-mannose sequences. The transfer to the simple glycosides required a single nonreducing mannose residue linked to a lipophilic aglycone. Thus p-nitrophenyl-, 4-methylumbelliferyl-, phenyl- and methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosides were effective acceptors while free mannose and glycosides of several other sugars were totally inactive. The Km value for methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside was 2.6 mM. Specificity for the anomeric configuration of the acceptor was glycosylated to the extent of 50% of the alpha anomer and mutual inhibition between these two acceptors was observed. Acetolysis or mild acid hydrolysis of the 14C-labeled products from the glycoside acceptors yielded the disaccharide, 2-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-D-mannose, which represents the predominant linkage between mannose residues in the carbohydrate unit A of thyroglobulin. Glycopeptides with mannose sequences served as acceptors for the transfer reaction but only after dinitrophenylation of their peptide portion. The unit A glycopeptides of thyroglobulin with 10 mannose residues (Km equals 0.89 mM) were much better acceptors than glycopeptides containing the core portion of unit B which contains only three mannose components. Reduction in size of unit A glycopeptide acceptors by timed alpha-mannosidase treatment resulted in a progressive decrease in activity. Peptide-free unit A was inactive even after it was modified to carry dinitrophenyl groups on its glucosamine residues. GDP-mannose was the most effective glycosyl donor, with a Km value of 1.4 muM for methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and 0.30 muM for dinitrophenyl unit A glycopeptides, although ADP- and UDP-mannose could substitute to the extent of 40 to 45%. The mannose transfer to the glycopeptides had a optimum of 6.3 while that to the simple glycopeptides was best at pH 7.0. Both types of transfer reactions required a divalent cation with manganese serving most effectively in that capacity. Mannoslytransferase activity for both groups of acceptors was found predominantly in particulate subcellular fractions. A number of aromatic compounds and reagents which are disruptive of membrane integrity caused loss of enzyme activity presumably by interfering with the function of the lipophilic substituents on the various acceptors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contribution of clinical pharmacology to a rational use of cardiac glycosides in Czechoslovakia.

In Czechoslovakia, drug utilization studies showed that oral forms of digoxin and lanatoside C are traditionally the most prescribed cardiac glycosides. Our study of the relative bioavailability of the oral form of lanatoside C revealed that the drug has a low and irregular bioavailability making use of this frequently prescribed drug non-rational. The above data definitely contributed to a sharp decrease in the use of the oral form of lanatoside C in our country, which is in agreement with consumption trends in other European countries. However, the use of only drug forms with a good bioavailability is one aspect of new approaches applied in pharmacotherapy with cardiac glycosides resulting in gradual decrease of their consumption as a pharmacological group. Clinical pharmacological evaluation of individual drug forms and postgraduate education in clinical pharmacology of cardiac glycosides contribute significantly--apart from other regulatory measures--to a more rational use of cardiac glycosides in Czechoslovakia.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1989

[The past and present of cardiac glycosides. II. Structure, physical and chemical properties. Pharmacodynamics].

An outline is presented on the physical and chemical properties and structure of the most important cardiac glycosides, i.e. digoxin, digitoxin and g-strophanthin. The overall effects of cardiac glycosides on the cardiovascular system not only are a composite of changes in the force of ventricular contraction and heart rate but also result from effects on the autonomic nervous system and on vascular smooth muscle. Furthermore reflex adjustments to the initial hemodynamic changes caused by the drug are also important. In the normal heart and circulation cardiac glycosides increase inotropy and decrease the chronotropy and dromotropy of the heart. They increase the peripheral vascular resistance and venous tone. Cardiac output remains unchanged or decreases slightly owing to increased peripheral vascular resistance and slowed heart rate. In patients with compromised cardiac inotropy the effects of the glycosides on the heart is essentially the same as in normal subjects, however by suppressing the enhanced sympathetic activity the negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects are more prominent. Peripheral vascular resistance is lowered, cardiac output and venous capacity are increased.

Cardiac Glycosides↗
PubMed1989

[Individual glycoside therapy using serum concentration determination in canine heart failure].

32 dogs with congestive heart failure without sufficient reaction to a standardized therapy with glycosides are treated with an individual glycoside dose. The therapy is controlled by the serum concentration of the cardiac glycoside. The influence of additional diseases and medications is demonstrated. Finally a rule for the evaluation of the therapeutic glycoside dose is given.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Specific binding of cardiac glycoside drugs and endogenous digitalis-like substances to particulate membrane fractions from human placenta.

We studied the characteristics of binding of cardiac glycosides to particulate membrane fractions from human placenta, to demonstrate that placental tissue is a suitable source of receptors for digitalis drugs. Moreover, we performed preliminary experiments with 125I-labeled digoxin and placental particulates to develop a radioreceptor assay for measurement of endogenous substances with activity similar to cardiac glycoside drugs (EDLS). Placental membrane fractions were incubated with [3H]ouabain (10 nmol/L) or 125I-labeled digoxin (50 pmol/L). With both ligands, binding followed a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics and was saturable. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of sites [for ouabain, KD = 20.2 +/- 5.8 nmol/L (mean +/- SEM), Bmax = 3.1 +/- 0.9 nmol per gram of protein; for digoxin, KD = 29.7 +/- 1.9 nmol/L, Bmax = 24.3 +/- 1.1 nmol per gram of protein]. As expected, digoxin was less potent than ouabain in displacing both tracers from digitalis drugs receptors; progesterone, cortisone, digitoxose, furosemide, bumetanide, and propranolol had no or little effect. Specific 125I-labeled digoxin binding was competitively inhibited by plasma and (or) urine extracts from newborns, adults, pregnant women, and patients with renal insufficiency. Inhibition of binding and volume of plasma and urine assayed were linearly related. These findings support the hypothesis that cardiac glycosides and EDLS can interact with the human placenta and suggest placental tissue to be a suitable source of receptors for cardiac glycosides.

Binding Sites↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of polymeric glycoprotein complexes of enveloped viruses using the Quill A glycoside and a study of their immunogenic activity].

Specific multimer complexes of glycoproteins of enveloped viruses were prepared by treatment of suspensions of purified concentrated virus with a non-ionic detergent MECK mixed with 0.2% glycoside Quil A. Mixed complexes of glycoproteins with glycoside Quil A were formed upon removal of the detergent from the mixture of solubilized glycoproteins and glycoside Quil A. According to the results of electron microscopy, the formed complexes differed morphologically from the conventional micelles of glycoproteins and presented spherical reticular structures 20-30 nm in diameter. The immunogenic potency of the complexes was much higher than that of virus particles and micelles of purified glycoproteins and was comparable to the immunogenic potency of glycoproteins mixed with complete Freund adjuvant. The protective activity of the complex of protein G of rabies virus with glycoside Quil A was higher than that of the subunit rabies vaccine adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Detection of poisoning by plant-origin cardiac glycoside with the Abbott TDx analyzer.

Cardiac glycoside poisoning caused by ingestion of plant material is common in tropical and sub-tropical areas. In evaluating the use of the Abbott TDx Digoxin II assay to detect such cases of poisoning, we found it a rapid and convenient method for confirming the ingestion of glycosides from the plants Nerium oleander, Thevetia peruviana, and Adonis microcarpa, and from the toad Bufo marinus. Here we report some clinical cases illustrating our experience with the use of this assay, and describe results of cross-reactivity studies with compounds structurally similar to digoxin. Because of the competitive nature of the immunoassay as well as the complexity of the mixture of cross-reacting cardiac glycosides present in the plant material, the measured apparent digoxin concentration is not linearly related to the cardiac glycoside concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

N-glycosides of nitroaniline as acceptors of glucose in nonphosphorylative transglycosylation reactions.

N-glycosides of nitroaniline, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-ribose, D-xylose and L-arabinose were examined as acceptors of glucose in transglycosylation reactions. In the presence of these compounds, higher N-glycosides of nitroaniline were formed in the course of incubation of acid glucoamylase with maltose or glycogen. With the exception of N-glycosides of D-galactose and L-arabinose, the remaining compounds were acceptors of glucose. It follows that the acceptor properties of N-glycosides of nitroaniline are dependent on the spatial position of the hydroxyl group on the fourth carbon of the sugar moiety.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of cardiac glycosides on whole body potassium concentration in circulatory insufficiency].

Variation of potassium levels produced by cardiac glycosides was assessed in patients with 1st- to 3d-stage circulatory insufficiency, by means of 40K radioactivity measurement in a low radioactivity background chamber. Total group figures demonstrated that total body potassium levels increased with the improvement of the patients' clinical condition. Total body potassium decreased in patients showing signs of cardiac glycoside intoxication. The analysis of the data with reference to pre-and post-treatment baseline tissue potassium concentrations, as compared to the desired level, showed tissue potassium to normalize under the effect of cardiac glycosides in cases of initially abnormal values, and to decrease irrespective of the initial values in cases of cardiac glycoside intoxication.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Reduction of anthracycline glycoside by NADPH--cytochrome P-450 reductase.

The in vitro degradation of the new antitumor anthracycline antibiotic, aclacinomycin-A, was studied using rat liver homogenate. In the presence of NADH or NADPH, the glycosidic bond at C-7 position of aclacinomycin-A was reductively cleaved to produce 7-deoxyaklavinone and 7-deoxyaklavinone dimer, MA144 E1. Subcellular fractionation indicated that most of the enzyme activity was present in the microsomal fraction and required anaerobic condition and NADPH. The purified enzyme reduced the glycosidic metabolites, MA144 M1 and MA144 N1, as well as aclacinomycin-A. The optimum pH for the anthracycline glycoside reductase reaction using aclacinomycin-A as substrate was 7.4. The enzyme was sigmoidally saturated with aclacinomycin-A and showed the concentration of 1.2 x 10(-4) M required for half maximal activity, and Km value of 7.7 x 10(-5) M for NADPH. The degradative pathway of aclacinomycin-A and its glycosidic metabolites was discussed.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1975

[Prognosis of the effect of cardiac glycosides on the extrasystole in ischemic heart disease].

The results of a single intravenous injections of strophanthin or digoxin and of a course-wise medication with cardiac glycosides in acute and chronic ischemic heart disease are contrasted. Investigations were carried out in 64 patients under cardiomonitoring with an automatic extrasystoles count. In the absence of extrasystoles or infrequent ones the cardiac glycosides provoked frequent extrasystoles in 10 per cent of the patients. The antiarrhythmic effect was recorded in 1/3 of the patients with infrequent extrasystoles. In cases of frequent extra systoles the positive result of the glycoside test justifies anticipating a beneficial influence of digitalization on the heart rate. In all the cases the results of the glycoside test determine in a large measure the individual prognosis.

Administration, Oral↗