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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Primary study on the SPE-HPLC fingerprint of Gaoli ginseng injection].

OBJECTIVE: To study on the fingerprint of Gaoli ginseng Injection. METHODS: SPE was used to purify samples. HPLC with DAD detector was used to analysis the samples of Gaoli ginseng Injection. Then the analogical degree of the chromatography was estimated by the software. RESULTS: The fingerprints had 14 communal chromatsogram peaks, and the analogical degrees of all samples were greater than 0.95. CONCLUSION: The method is credible. It provides a scientific basis to control the quality of Gaoli ginseng Injection more effectively.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

A study on the technology of mass cell culture of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.).

The culture broth volume fitted for cell suspension culture of plants was 1/5 to 2/5 of shake flask capacity. The dissolved oxygen (DO) output of the detector increased with the increase of the temperature. The viscosity of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) cell cultures was obviously higher than that of the fresh medium. An appropriate agitation speed was 60 rpm for fermentation culture of American ginseng cells. When we increased osmotic pressure stress by the addition of mannitol to the nutrient medium in fermentation culture, the content of saponin of the cell cultures was increased greatly but the cell growth was inhibited. The study provides data for designing an appropriate fermentor to culture American ginseng cells on a large scale.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1991

[Study of antimutagenic properties of bio-ginseng in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo].

The impact was studied of bio-ginseng produced from ginseng callus cells on the rate of chromosome rearrangements in Chinese hamster cells and in continuous tumor cells of mice (Ehrlich strain). Bio-ginseng reduced rate of spontaneous SCE as well as the level of mitomycin C-induced chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster cells. It protected ascitic tumor cells (Ehrlich strain) against the mutagen action of urea nitrosomethyl.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Pharmacological variations of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer during processing].

Based on a comparative study on the documentation concerning the pharmacological actions of the red ginseng and the white ginseng, it has been found out that in promoting blood circulation, anti-thrombosis, fibrin dissolving activity, phagocytosis of reticular endothelium and anti-decrepit function on the red ginseng is stronger than the white one.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

[Processing technique of American ginseng].

The article deals with a new technique for processing American ginseng cultivated in China by far-infrared and moisture absorption. The qualities of processed product as per ton-quantity (including appearance, physical properties and chemical compositions) show no difference from those of American ginseng imported from U.S.A. and Canada. The mathematical model of dry-loss weight of American ginseng during processing is given in this article.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

[Antisenility effect of ginseng-rhizome saponin].

Ginseng-Rhizome is the Rhizome of Panax ginseng and popularly named "Shenlu". The treatment group treated with the sugar-coated tablets of Ginseng-Rhizome saponin (GRS) orally for two months, one tablet (50 mg per tablet), three times a day. Through the clinical observations of 358 cases of middle and old age persons (age from 50 to 85 years old). The results showed that GRS possessed antisenility effect and marked effect on relieving the symptoms of aging, adjusting organic metabolism and improving physiological function, etc., such as promoting memory, raising the amount of white cells and improving organic immunity function. GRS both improved the function of hypophysisgonad axis and the function of adrenal cortex. It had marked efficacy in the treatment of coronary heart disease with angina pectoris and had better effect on treating concomitant atrial and ventricular prematures. The control group (123 cases, age from 50 to 85 years old) was given sugar-coated tablets of placebo (starch) for two months and then compared themselves with before. There were both no difference in clinical symptoms and experimental tests. After two years experimental researches and clinical observations, it showed that GRS tablet and Shenlu tablet both have no side effect of vomiting and also no toxic effect when they were taken for a long-term.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Efficacy of ginseng drugs in experimental insulin-dependent diabetes and toxic hepatitis].

Drugs obtained from the roots and leaves of plantation ginseng and ginseng root tissue culture displayed a high antidiabetic and hepatoprotective activity in experiments on mice and rats. In alloxan diabetes these adaptogenic phyto-agents prevented alloxan-induced activation of processes of lipid peroxidation in the pancreas and demonstrated definite insulinogenic properties: they increased the basal content of insulin in blood and the glucose-dependent secretion of this hormone. In CCl4 acute toxic hepatitis the studies ginseng drugs reduced the disorders of hepatic detoxification and glycogen-synthesizing functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of piracetam and of standardized ginseng extract on the electroconvulsive shock-induced memory disturbances in "step-down" passive avoidance.

The effects of piracetam and standardized Ginseng extract (G115) on the memory-impairing action of electroconvulsive shock were investigated in experiments on albino rats. The changes in the memory were traced using the "step-down" conditioned reflex method of passive avoidance with negative reinforcement. Piracetam, administered in a dose of 600 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days prior to the beginning of the training sessions, completely eliminated the electroshock-induced retrograde amnesia in memory tests, as well as on the 3rd and 24th hour after the end of the training session. Standardized ginseng extract, administered in a dose of 30 mg/kg orally for 10 days prior to the beginning of the training session, markedly tended to eliminate the memory-impairing effect of electroconvulsive shock. The role of the serotoninergic neurotransmitter system for the protective effects of piracetam and of standardized ginseng extract on retrograde amnesia induced by electroconvulsive shock is investigated on the basis of earlier experiments.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1995

Ginseng saponins reduce acetylcholine-evoked Na+ influx and catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

The effects of various ginseng saponins (ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, Rh1, Ro and Rs1), which are isolated from the root of Panax ginseng, on the catecholamine secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells stimulated by ACh were examined. Most of the ginsenosides (1-100 microM) had a tendency to reduce the ACh-evoked secretion of catecholamines. The order of inhibitory potency (at the concentration of 10 microM) was as follows: Rg2 > Rf > Re > Rh1 > Rb2, Rg1 > Rb1 > Rc > Rb3, Rd, Ro, Rs1. The inhibition of ginseoside Rg2 at 10 microM was 72%, but ginsenosides Rb3, Rd, Ro and Rs1 did not show the inhibitory effect. On the other hand, ginsenoside Rg2 (1-100 microM) did not at all affect the secretion induced by high K+ or veratridine, a potent specific activator of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels. Ginsenoside Rg2 (1-100 microM) also inhibited both ACh-induced Na+ and Ca++ influxes into the cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentration-response curves for ginsenoside Rg2 inhibition of Na+ influx, of Ca++ influx and of catecholamine secretion were quite similar. The inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg2 on the secretion was not overcome by increasing ACh or external Ca++ concentrations. These results strongly suggest that the ginseng saponins, especially ginsenoside Rg2, block the nicotinic ACh receptors or the receptor-operated Na+ channels (but not voltage-sensitive Na+ and Ca++ channels), inhibit Na+ influx through the channels and consequently reduce both Ca++ influx and catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1994

[Ginseng saponin treatment for intrauterine growth retardation].

Twenty eight patients with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in 31-34 gestational weeks were clinically treated with Chang Bai Shan ginseng saponin tablets, while 26 pregnant women with IUGR were nutritionally treated as controls. The results indicated that in the experiment and control groups, the height of fundus and fetal diparietal diameter (BPD) gradually approached to those of the normal pregnancy group. The urinary estrogens/creatinine (E/C) ratio and serum human placental lactogen (hPL) were close to those of the normal pregnancy group (P > 0.05) after 35 gestational weeks. The weight of neonates treated nutritionally and with ginseng saponin approached to that of the normal pregnancy group. There was no significant difference as compared with the normal pregnancy group (P > 0.05). Glucose and albumen levels in blood of neonates were not significantly different between experiment and control groups, but they were higher than those in IUGR group (P < 0.05). The present results suggest that in treating IUGR, ginseng saponin may show the same effect as in the nutritional treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Morphological analysis on the adrenal zona fasciculata of Ginseng, Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenoside Rg1 treated mice.

Morphological analysis was performed on the adrenal cortex of depressed mice which received repeated administrations of Ginseng extract or Ginsenoside Rb1 or Ginsenoside Rg1 in order to follow the behaviour of the gland. The left gland was fixed for usual stains and cell measurements of both treated and control adrenal cortex were made on twenty central sections. The outlines of cells from the zona fasciculata, in which nucleus was evident, were traced at 625X using a drawing tube. Cell areas were computed from these drawings by means of image analysis (Optilab software). Our results show that: 1) Ginseng extract administration produces a significant increase in the zona fasciculata cell size with respect to controls. The distribution of soma sizes is generally to the right of the spectrum showing a considerable decrease in cells of small size and a similar increase in cells of intermediate and large size with respect to controls; 2) in Ginsenoside-administered animals, although the mean cell areas is not significantly altered, the distribution of cell sizes shows significant differences between normal and treated animals. It is commonly recognized that mean cell area is in strict connection with cell activity: therefore Ginseng extract may be thought to stimulate adrenal cell activity while the two Ginsenosides have an effect which do not lead to significant changes in mean cell size.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of Chinese ginseng root and stem-leaf saponins on learning, memory and biogenic monoamines of brain in rats].

The present investigation has shown that Ginseng root saponins (ig, 50mg/kg x 7d) facilitate the learning and memory of normal male Wistar rats, while the effect of Ginseng stem-leaf saponins (ig, 50mg/kg x 7d) on antielectrconvulsive shock-induced impairment of memory consolidation in rats is more intensive than that of root saponins. Both Ginseng root and stem-leaf saponins can significantly raise the levels of biogenic monoamines in normal rat's brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The proliferative responses of cow stripping milk and blood lymphocytes to pokeweed mitogen and ginseng in vitro.

Milk samples were collected directly after the morning milking (stripping milk) from eight cows of the Swedish Red and White breed, during the period of mid-lactation. The milk cells (29 +/- 11 x 10(6)) were obtained after centrifugation and by passing the cell pellet through a cotton column. They consisted of 36 +/- 9% lymphocytes, 14 +/- 2% macrophages and 50 +/- 10% polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated by means of a Ficoll-gradient. The lymphocytes from the blood and milk were subjected to the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST). The stimulation indices (SI) demonstrated that pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced a greater degree of proliferation in the autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes than it did in the stripping milk lymphocytes (39 +/- 8 vs 5 +/- 1, respectively, P < 0.01). Ginseng (GS), the root of Panax ginseng CA Meyer, has been used in China for thousands of years to enhance the body's resistance to many diseases. In the present study, a dry ginseng extract was investigated to evaluate its immunomodulating effects in vitro on the peripheral blood and stripping milk lymphocytes. The response was significantly augmented (approximately 20%) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes incubated with GS extract in combination with PWM, as compared with the cells incubated with PWM alone. Increased responses were also detected with the lymphocytes from stripping milk incubated with GS+PWM, but to a much lesser extent (approximately 9%) compared with the autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Double-blind study of a multivitamin complex supplemented with ginseng extract.

To remedy the deterioration in quality of life in large cities, the addition of ginseng root extract to a multivitamin base appears to produce a promising dietary supplement. The aim of the present study was to compare the quality-of-life parameters in subjects receiving multivitamins plus ginseng with those found in subjects receiving multivitamins alone. The study was comparative, randomized and double-blind, and it involved 625 patients of both sexes divided into two groups taking one capsule per day for 12 weeks. Group A received vitamins, minerals, trace elements and ginseng extract G115 (Pharmaton Capsules) while group B received vitamins, minerals and trace elements (multivitamin capsules) only. The resulting quality-of-life was assessed by a standardized 11-item questionnaire, validated by the Medical School of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Of the 625 patients recruited, 124 were excluded from the study due to lack of compliance with the treatment, so that 338 patients in group A and 163 patients in group B completed the study. By the end of the study, the 4th of the monthly assessments showed that both the group-A and the group-B treatments had induced a significant increase in the quality-of-life index, the change being 11.9 points for Pharmaton Capsules in group A which was significantly superior to the 6.4 average increase with the group-B capsules containing multivitamins alone. Group A showed significant improvement in every one of the 11 questionnaire items, whereas group B did not show significant improvement in any of these items. Significant increases in body weight and in diastolic blood pressure were recorded in the group B treated with the multivitamin alone. Adverse effects of the capsules were minimal in both groups. This study has demonstrated that Pharmaton Capsules were more effective than the multivitamin capsules alone in improving the quality-of-life in a population subjected to the stress of high physical and mental activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Ginseng--no identifiable effect in geriatric rehabilitation].

The consumption of ginseng root has increased greatly in the Western world during the last decades. Because clinical trials have indicated a positive effect of ginseng on physical and psychomotor performance, we have undertaken a trial of Gericomplex to evaluate ginseng as an adjuvant in the treatment and rehabilitation of geriatric patients. The length of stay in hospital and activities of daily living served as the principal study variables, and cognition, somatic symptoms, depression and anxiety were also assessed. No positive effect of Gericomplex as an adjuvant in geriatric rehabilitation was seen.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

In vivo antimetastatic action of ginseng protopanaxadiol saponins is based on their intestinal bacterial metabolites after oral administration.

The present study demonstrated in vivo and in vitro antimetastatic activities of a major intestinal bacterial metabolite M1 formed from protopanaxadiol saponins of ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) in comparison with its whole standardized extract and ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, and Rc. Although Ginseng extract (1 mg/mouse) and ginsenosides (0.5 mg/mouse) significantly inhibited lung metastasis produced by i.v. injection of B16-BL6 melanoma cells in syngeneic mice (27-61% of untreated control), they hardly inhibited the invasion and migration of B16-BL6 melanoma and HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells in vitro. However, the intestinal bacterial metabolite M1 inhibited lung metastasis of melanoma cells and in vitro tumor cell invasion and migration at nontoxic or marginally toxic concentrations. Additionally, pharmacokinetic studies of ginsenoside Rb1 and M1 after oral administration (2 mg/mouse) revealed that intact Rb1 was not detectable in serum for 24 h by HPLC analysis, whereas the level of M1 in the serum reached maximum at 8 h (8.5 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml) after Rb1 administration and at 2 h (10.3 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml) after M1 administration. These findings suggest that the in vivo antimetastatic effect by oral administration of ginsenosides is mediated by their metabolic component M1.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

American ginseng and breast cancer therapeutic agents synergistically inhibit MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) purportedly alleviates menopause symptoms because of putative estrogenicity. METHODS: Using a standardized American ginseng (AG) extract in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the objectives were to evaluate the ability of AG to induce the estrogen- regulated gene pS2 by Northern blot analysis, determine the effect on cell growth using the MTT assay, and evaluate the cell cycle effects by flow cytometry. RESULTS: AG and estradiol equivalently induced RNA expression of pS2. AG, in contrast to estradiol, caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation (P < 0.005). AG had no adverse effect on the cell cycle while estradiol significantly increased the proliferative phase (percent S-phase) and decreased the resting phase (G(0)-G(1) phase) (P < 0.005). Concurrent use of AG and breast cancer therapeutic agents resulted in a significant (P < 0.005) suppression of cell growth for most drugs evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro use of AG and breast cancer therapeutics synergistically inhibited cancer cell growth.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMed1999

Synthesis of ginseng diyne analogues and their antiproliferative activity against L1210 cells.

Some analogues of Ginseng diyne were synthesized and tested for antiproliferative activity against L1210 cells. The epoxy moiety of panaxydol, isolated from the root of Panax ginseng, proved to be in the cis-form on comparison with synthetic specimens. Analysis of structure-activity relationship revealed that the presence of the heptadec-1-ene-4,6-diyn-3-ol moiety in the structure of the analogues was essential for their antiproliferative activity and that the epoxy and alkyl groups in the structure contributed to enhancement of the antiproliferative activity.

Animals↗