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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Lung volumes and arterial blood gases in obesity.

Lung volumes and arterial blood gases have been studied in six severely obese patients (mean weight 143 kg), admitted for jejunoileal shunt-operation. The lung volumes were recorded on a Siemens constant volume body plethysmograph, and the arterial blood gases were measured by means of a Radiometer ABL-1 blood gas analyzer. The patients were in the seated body position. The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) was found to be 40% (mean value) of Total Lung Capacity (TLC). Predicted normal value of FRC/TLC% in non-obese subjects of the same height, sex and age is 54%. During tidal breathing the arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was 84 mm Hg (mean value) compared to 95 mm Hg in non-obese subjects. A positive correlation between FRC/TLC% and the PaO2 was found. A series of 5 deep breaths normalized the PaO2 which rose by 18 mm Hg to 102 mm Hg (mean value). These results confirm the generally held opinion that the main abnormality of lung function in obesity is a reduction of lung volume to such a low value that airway closure occurs during tidal breathing, causing arterial hypoxemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy on arterial blood gases and cardiac rhythm at a moderate altitude of 2250 meters.

OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) at an altitude of 2250 m on arterial blood gases (ABG) and cardiac rhythm abnormality. METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy were evaluated for the arterial blood gases and cardiac rhythm changes at Shimla (a moderate altitude of 2250 m), where there is a state of ambient hypoxia. RESULTS: The changes were noted in five stages ranging from the levels before the procedure till 15 minutes after the completion of the procedure. The mean fall in PaO2 levels in this study was 8 +/- 2.45 mm Hg and the fall was maximum at the end of procedure. Both smokers and nonsmokers showed a significant fall but the fall was more severe in smokers. The mean fall in SaO2 in this study was 3%. The increase in heart rate and blood pressure during FOB was significant as compared to baseline levels. There was no significant change in PH, PaCO2, HCO3. The commonest rhythm abnormality noted was sinus tachycardia which was well tolerated. No major cardiac arrhythmia was noted. It was further seen that the duration of the procedure and type of special procedure undertaken did not effect the levels significantly. Cyanosis was the commonest complication encountered (36%) and was seen more frequently in smokers and those with age more than 40 years. It was observed during the induction of bronchoscope and also during the further negotiation of the bronchoscope into the smaller branches of bronchial tree. CONCLUSION: The changes in ABG and cardiac rhythm are comparable to the studies at sea level except the increased incidence of cyanosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Cardiac arrest induced by accidental inhalation of anoxic gases, is the cause always a lack of oxygen?

BACKGROUND: We experienced a case of accidental administration of 100% carbon dioxide (CO2) during anesthesia, which resulted in cardiac arrest. After successful cardio-pulmonary resuscitation the child recovered without brain damage. This outcome was quite different than that of the more commonly reported accidental administration of 100% nituous oxide (N2O), as the latter usually results in death from cerebral damage rather than cardiac arrest. We speculated that the cause of death and/or cardiac arrest may differ between these two anoxic gases. METHODS: Fourteen dogs were anesthetized and divided into two groups to receive either 100% CO2 or 100% N2O. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), dp/dt, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), central venous pressure (CVP) and blood gases (BG) were measured every 30 seconds until cardiac arrest (CA) occurred. RESULTS: The CO2 group showed a rapid decline in BP, HR, dp/dt, CO, pH, and PaO2 and a rise in PAP, CVP, and PaCO2, with CA occurring at 119 +/- 41 seconds. At the time of CA, the BG values were pH 6.6 +/- 0.09, PaCO2 375 +/- 69, and PaO2 62 +/- 15 mm Hg. The N2O group maintained BP, HR, dp/dt, pH, PaCO2, and experienced a rapid decline in PaO2 as in the CO2 group until 180 seconds, at which time the PaO2 was 12.3 +/- 3 mm Hg. CA occurred at 390 +/- 52 seconds. The values for pH, PaCO2 and PaO2 were 7.5 +/- 0.05, 25 +/- 15 and 4.8 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively, at the time of CA. CONCLUSION: One hundred percent CO2-induced cardiac arrest occurred in 119 seconds and was not oxygen-dependent, whereas 100% N2O induced cardiac arrest occurred in 390 seconds and was clearly dependent on hypoxemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[A comparison of the effectiveness of transtracheal heating and humidification system in maintaining body temperature during general anesthesia with low flow gases].

We evaluated the effectiveness of transtracheal heating and humidification system in maintaining body temperature during general anesthesia with low flow gases in 12 gastric cancer patients. Patients were divided into two group; Control group A in which a hot-water circulating system was used and group B in which a transtracheal heating and humidification system by ANAMED HUMITUBE was used, during gastric cancer operation. Compared to the hot-water circulating system, the transtracheal heating and humidification system is more effective for maintaining body temperature and humidification after abdominal lavage by warm saline water. But there was no difference between the two groups about awakening from general anesthesia. We concluded that transtracheal heating and humidification system by ANAMED HUMITUBE is effective in maintaining body temperature under general anesthesia with low flow gases.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Dose-effect study on the bronchospasmolytic drug ipratropium bromide in relation to blood gases and hemodynamics].

In 9 patients with chronic bronchitis and cor puomonale and in one patient with vascularly pulmonary hypertension the efficiency of 0,04 mug and 0,16 mug Sch 1000 (isopropylatropin,), applicated with metered dose inhaler referring to blood gases and hemodynamics was examined. Inhalation of drug was not followed by any variations either referring to hemodynamic parameters (pulmonary pressure, systemic blood pressure, cardiac output, peripheral resistance) nor to the blood gases. After a dosage as high as eigth time as normal side effects were not found.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed2002

[Blood gases values forecasting by artificial neural network in prematurely born infants with respiratory distress].

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are modern tools for data analysis. They can compete with commonly used statistical methods. Till the date they were not used for modeling continuous parameters in medicine. The aim of this paper is to assess accuracy of ANN in forecasting blood gases values in preterm infants with respiratory distress. The study was conducted with the use of the data from Neonatal Information System (NIS) describing first 30 days of the hospital stay of 19 newborns with birthweight < or = 1500 g admitted to the unit before second day of life in 1997. Separate ANN was created for prognosis of 4 parameters of arterial blood gases (pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3) and oxygenation index (pO2/FiO2) for 1 hour in advance. For each forecasted parameter input set of parameters was established. The ANN was taught with back propagation algorithm using data of 18 patients, the accuracy of prognosis was tested on the data of the remaining patient. This procedure was repeated 19 times. The error of prognosis was assessed in comparison to predefined curves of the maximal error. The accuracy of achieved prognoses was respectively for pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3, pO2/FiO2 98.9, 99.7, 97.1, 98.3, 95%.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed2002

Abatement of waste gases and water during the processes of semiconductor fabrication.

The purpose of this article is to examine the methods and equipment for abating waste gases and water produced during the manufacture of semiconductor materials and devices. Three separating methods and equipment are used to control three different groups of electronic wastes. The first group includes arsine and phosphine emitted during the processes of semiconductor materials manufacture. The abatement procedure for this group of pollutants consists of adding iodates, cupric and manganese salts to a multiple shower tower (MST) structure. The second group includes pollutants containing arsenic, phosphorus, HF, HCl, NO2, and SO3 emitted during the manufacture of semiconductor materials and devices. The abatement procedure involves mixing oxidants and bases in an oval column with a separator in the middle. The third group consists of the ions of As, P and heavy metals contained in the waste water. The abatement procedure includes adding CaCO3 and ferric salts in a flocculation-sedimentation compact device equipment. Test results showed that all waste gases and water after the abatement procedures presented in this article passed the discharge standards set by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2003

[Spiroveloergometry parameters and parameters of blood gases and acid-base equilibrium at rest and during exercise in athletes].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to evaluate spiroveloergometric and blood gases data and compare them among swimmers and basketball players. Examinations were performed for swimmers and basketball players (n=85). Spirometry at rest and spiroveloergometry, analysis of blood gases and acid-base equilibrium at rest and during exercise were performed. Minute ventiliation of swimmers at rest was statistically significantly (p<0.001) lower than of basketball players: 11.0 l/min and 22.1 l/min correspondingly. Partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide for swimmers was larger, than of basketball players (41.5 and 35.9 mm Hg correspondingly, p<0.001), plasma bicarbonates as well (25.2 and 22.5 mmol/l, p<0.01) and there was no bases excess (BE -0.22 and -2.95, p<0.001). Spiroveloergometry showed, that at the same minute ventiliation and the same work level oxygen metabolic units (MET) were significantly (p<0.001) larger for swimmers: 21.2 and 14.9 correspondingly. Decompensated metabolic acidosis during maximal exercise for swimmers was not determined. CONCLUSIONS: swimmers' ventilation was more economic than of basketball players, oxygen consumption and aerobic capacity were statistically significantly better.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed2003

Blood gases, hematology, and renal blood flow during prolonged mountain sojourns at 3500 and 5800 m.

BACKGROUND: This study mainly focused on renal blood flow, hematological parameters, blood gases, and blood pH, which are affected on exposure to moderate (3500 m) and extreme altitudes (5800 m) in sea level residents. HYPOTHESIS: Acute and prolonged exposure to high or extreme altitude may cause pathophysiological changes in kidney and renal plasma/blood flow, leading to retention of fluids in the tissues. Combined with the decreased availability of oxygen to the tissues, these may be responsible for high altitude maladies. METHOD: Fifteen male sea level (SL) volunteers, 22-25 yr old, were studied for blood gases, blood viscosity, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and effective renal blood/plasma flow at Delhi (260 m), 3500 m (60 d stay), 5800 m (70 d stay), and 7 d after return to SL. RESULTS: Compared with SL, a significant increase from 7.34 to 7.43 (p < 0.01) in blood pH was observed at 3500 m that remained significantly increased at 5800 m. PO2 was about 39% less at 5800 m than at SL. PCO2 reduced significantly from 42.07 to 28.05 mm Hg on return from 5800 m to SL. The blood viscosity increased significantly (38%) at 5800 m and decreased significantly by 38% (p < 0.01) after return to SL. The effective renal plasma flow reduced significantly (p < 0.01) from 615.6 at SL to 381.5 ml x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2) at 5800 m. CONCLUSION: The study suggests a crucial role of renal function in the acclimatization process; renal function also appears to be one factor by which the body protects itself against severe hypoxia.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed2003

[Relation of resting energy expenditure to respiratory mechanics and arterial blood gases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships of the rest energy expenditure to the respiratory mechanics and arterial blood gases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. METHODS: Twenty six patients with COPD and 21 healthy subjects were involved in the study. The rest energy expenditure (REE), oxygen consumption (VO(2)), carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured with indirect energy measurements of canopy test; the arterial blood gases were measured soon after energy measurements; then routine pulmonary function, P(0.1) and P(IMAX) were measured at rest. RESULTS: (1) The REE/day, P(0.1)/P(IMAX) and heart rate (HR) in the COPD group [(1,577.69 +/- 311.31) kcal, 0.068 +/- 0.026 and (83.46 +/- 11.36) BPM, respectively] were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group [(1,388.29 +/- 194.89) kcal, 0.039 +/- 0.014 and (69.71 +/- 5.73) BPM, respectively, P < 0.05 for all]; the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1))% of predicted, partial pressure of oxygen in artery (PaO(2)) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) in the COPD group [(50.46 +/- 21.35)%, (77.72 +/- 8.84) mm Hg and (92.54 +/- 2.55)%, respectively] were significantly lower than those in the control group [(92.29 +/- 11.91)%, (92.50 +/- 3.82) mm Hg and (96.29 +/- 1.87)%, respectively, P < 0.01 for all]. (2) In COPD group, the REE/day was positively correlated with body height, body weight, body mass index, P(0.1)/P(IMAX) and HR (r = 0.57, 0.65, 0.62, 0.41 and 0.51, respectively, P < 0.05 for all), negatively correlated with FEV(1)%, PaO(2) and SaO(2) (r = -0.43, -0.47 and -0.32, respectively, P < 0.05 for all); the P(0.1) was negatively correlated with PaO(2) and SaO(2) (r = -0.62 and -0.53, respectively, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The rest energy expenditure of COPD patients was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects. This increase in REE was not only attributed to the airway obstruction and the damaged gas exchange, but may be related to the elevated respiratory drive and dysfunction of respiratory muscles as well.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[The humidification of anesthetic gases during anesthesia using heat and moisture exchangers].

This study looks at the question of whether anaesthetic gases are sufficiently moistened in a semi-closed system by the partial recycling of expired air with simultaneous absorption of CO2. During the inspiration phase only a maximum of 42% relative humidity at a temperature of 24.8 degrees C was reached. These values lie far below the demands of the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) of 70% relative humidity at 30 degrees C. When various heat and moisture exchangers were used, the relative humidity improved to 99% at a maximum temperature of 30.3 degrees C (HME Edith; Engström Corporation). The maximum values of the BB 12-15, Pall Corporation, and SH 150 from Siemens were slightly lower. A marked fall was noticed when using the Humid Vent I of the Medimex Corporation, especially in the initial phase. An improved version, the Humid Vent II, has been produced. Physiological values (37 degrees C, 100% relative humidity) are not achieved by any heat and moisture exchangers. This problem could possibly be solved by using infra-red light when warming the gases.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on arterial blood gases in patients with stable COPD].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of inhaled salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on arterial blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We measured arterial blood gases and spirometry after inhalation of salbutamol (200 micro g) or ipratropium bromide (36 micro g) in 25 patients with COPD. After at least 2 days of washout period, the same patients inhaled the other drug, and the procedure of study was repeated. Blood specimens were taken just before the inhalation and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90,120 minutes after inhalation, and spirometry was done before and 60 minutes after inhalation. Both drugs caused a small decrease in PaO(2) levels, however the decrease in PaO(2) after inhalation of salbutamol was significantly higher than that after ipratropium (p< 0.05). Both drugs caused a little, but not statistically significant decrease in D(A-a)DO(2) and PaCO(2) (p> 0.05). There were a little increase in FEV1 and FVC at 60 minutes after inhalation of both drugs, especially with salbutamol, compared to ipratropium bromide; but both increases were statistically insignificant (p> 0.05). The results revealed that, salbutamol caused a significant, but small and transient decrease in PaO2 and a little, but insignificant increase in D(A-a)DO(2) when used in recommended doses. Although salbutamol and ipratropium bromide which are used in treatment of COPD, can cause small decreases in PaO(2) after inhalation, the declines are trancient and clinically insignificant.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2004

[The research on the law of greenhouse gases emission from warm temperate forest soils in Beijing region].

In situ measurements by closed chamber technique were done to investigate the law of greenhouse gases (Methane, carbon dioxide and Nitrous Oxide) fluxes emission from different warm temperate forest soils (Broad-leaved forest, Form. Quercus liaotungensis and Form. Pinus tabulae) of Dongling mountain in Beijing region. Results show that the all representative types forest soils were sink of CH4 and source of CO2 and N2O. Different type of vegetables and soils result of different fluxes range of the main greenhouse gases. The fluxes range of CH4, CO2 and N2O emission from the three types forest soils were: 42-103 micrograms/(m2.h), 15-344 mg/(m2.h) and -61-101 micrograms/(m2.h); 13-182 micrograms CH4/m2.h, 23-380 mg/(m2.h) and -15-183 micrograms/(m2.h); 12-128 ug CH4/m2.h, 15-292 mg/(m2.h) and -94-153 micrograms/(m2.h); respectively. The mean fluxes of CH4, CO2 and N2O emission from the three types forest soils during the observation period were: -66 micrograms/(m2.h), 145 mg/(m2.h) and 22 micrograms/(m2.h); -67 micrograms/(m2.h), 146 mg/(m2.h) and 45 micrograms/(m2.h); -79 micrograms/(m2.h), 150 mg/(m2.h) and 31 micrograms/(m2.h), respectively. The total amounts of CH4 CO2 and N2O emission from the three types forest soils were -5.34 kg/(hm2.a), 13.9 Mg/(hm2.a) and 2.58 kg/(hm2.a); -6.20 kg/(hm2.a), 14.07 Mg/(hm2.a) and 4.19 kg/(hm2.a); -6.85 kg/(hm2.a), 15.71 Mg/(hm2.a) and 4.30 kg/(hm2.a), respectively.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2004

Sludge thermal oxidation processes: mineral recycling, energy impact, and greenhouse effect gases release.

Different treatment routes have been studied for a mixed sludge: the conventional agricultural use is compared with the thermal oxidation processes, including incineration (in gaseous phase) and wet air oxidation (in liquid phase). The interest of a sludge digestion prior to the final treatment has been also considered according to the two major criteria, which are the fossil energy utilisation and the greenhouse effect gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) release. Thermal energy has to be recovered on thermal processes to make these processes environmentally friendly, otherwise their main interest is to extract or destroy micropollutants and pathogens from the carbon cycle. In case of continuous energy recovery, incineration can produce more energy than it consumes. Digestion is especially interesting for agriculture: according to these two schemes, the energy final balance can also be in excess. As to wet air oxidation, it is probably one of the best ways to minimize greenhouse effect gases emission.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1976

[Effects of Etomidate on ventilation and blood gases].

17 surgical patients, agent 49 to 87, are studied. Their anaesthetic induction was performed by an intravenous injection of Etomidate on a 0,23 mg/kg body weight basiis. Respiratory frequency and minute ventilation were put on continuous recording, PO2, PCO2 and arterial blood pH were measured 1,3 and 5 minutes after injection of the drug. Anaesthetic induction, occuring 10 seconds after injection of the drug, was followed by an increase in respiratory frequency (32 p 100) and a rather modest increase of minute ventilation (9,2 p. 100). Among blood gases measurements, only PaO2 showed a decrease of 6,7 p. 100, when PO2 and pH remained practically unchanged. The small increase in minute ventilation, compared with a relatively important increase in respiratory frequency, suggests some decrease in efficient alveolar ventilation without however affecting blood gases in an important fashion.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The effect of preterm birth on umbilical cord blood gases.

Apgar scores are used routinely to assess early neonatal status, but are less accurate in the preterm neonate because of developmental immaturity. Attention has been directed to umbilical cord gases as a method of neonatal evaluation. Using a retrospective chart review of all viable preterm births (24-36 weeks' gestation) between January 1986 and December 1989, we tabulated the umbilical cord gas indices of these infants. Fetuses with lethal congenital anomalies and those with abnormal heart rate tracings on admission were excluded from the data base, leaving 1872 infants. Cord arterial blood gas values were available for analysis in 74.4% of cases and cord venous gas values in 81.8%. The mean (+/- standard deviation [SD]) arterial and venous umbilical cord blood gas values for the preterm infants, were, respectively: pH, 7.26 +/- 0.08 and 7.33 +/- 0.07; oxygen pressure, 19.0 +/- 7.9 and 29.2 +/- 9.7 mmHg; carbon dioxide pressure, 53.0 +/- 10.0 and 43.4 +/- 8.3 mmHg; bicarbonate, 24.0 +/- 2.3 and 22.8 +/- 2.1 mEq/L; and base excess, -3.2 +/- 2.9 and -2.6 +/- 2.5 mEq/L. Acidemia was defined statistically as 2 SDs or more below the population mean. The incidence of 5-minute Apgar scores below 7 in the preterm infants was 8.5% and within this group, 17.8% were acidemic (arterial pH 7.10 or lower). More than 82% of neonates with 5-minute Apgar scores less than 7 had normal umbilical cord blood gases. There was no significant difference in umbilical arterial blood gas values between preterm infants and 1924 term deliveries at our institution between 1986-1988.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed2004

Analysis of arterial blood gases--a comprehensive approach.

The arterial blood gases is one of the most important investigation for assessment of clinical oxygenation and acid-base status in critically ill patients. It provides us with information about ventilation, oxygenation and acid-base status, the three closely interrelated physiology parameters, which maintain the pH homeostasis. Its correct interpretation and application necessitates the knowledge of basic applied physiology in relation to these parameters. Through this review article an attempt has been made to formulate a comprehensive approach by first describing the basic physiology in relation to these parameters followed by stepwise approach to analyse arterial blood gases.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed2004

[Optimized-design of spectral discriminator for infrared spectra of polluted gases].

According to the spectral features of polluted-gases infrared spectra, a mixed multi-branch spectral discriminator is proposed. Experimental results indicate that the spectral discriminator not only has simple structure and high veracity for classification and recognition, but also has remarkable flexibility and stability. So it is a high-efficiency discriminator for real-time identified infrared spectra of polluted gases.

English Abstract↗