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PubMed1975

Fertilization of rat eggs in vitro at various times before and after ovulation with special reference to fertilization of ovarian oocytes matured in culture.

Oocytes recovered at various times from immature rats treated with PMSG and HCG were incubated with capacitated epididymal spermatozoa of mature rats. In the presence of follicular cells, sperm penetration was not observed 4 hr after incubation in the oocytes at stages from the intact germinal vesicle to the chromatin mass, but 7 to 55% of oocytes were penetrated at stages from the condensed germainal vesicle to metaphase II. After the removal of follicular cells, 15 to 72% of the oocytes at any stage were penetrated. After further incubation for 15 hr, the proportion of penetrated oocytes increased from 8 to 98% from early to late stages and that of penetrated oocytes with a male and female pronucleus increased from 9 to 100% as maturation progressed. Although the average number of spermatozoa/oocyte was not correlated with its maturation, transformation of the sperm head into a male pronucleus was retarded or failed, especially in the younger oocytes. Following incubation in a defined medium for 13 hr, 85% of oocytes at the intact germinal vesicle stage matured to the stage of the first polar body formation, but only 18 to 22% of these mature oocytes were penetrated by spermatozoa and only a few of the penetrated oocytes cleaved into normal two-cell eggs. When eggs recovered from oviducts 14 to 20 hr after ovulation were exposed to capacitated spermatozoa, the proportion of penetrated eggs (86 to 98%) and that of polyspermic eggs (11 to 27%) were not related to the ages of the eggs, but failure of transformation of the sperm head and the proportion of abnormal eggs increased 14 to 20 hr after ovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of a new platinum complex on male fertility in rats--collaborative work to determine the optimal period and optimal parameters to detect effects on male fertility in rats.

To assess the testicular toxicity induced by compound C, a new platinum complex being developed as an anti-cancer drug, the substance was intravenously administered to male rats at doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks and at doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks. Males were cohabited with non-treated females after these treatment periods and at sacrifice the genital organ weights and number of sperm in the testis were recorded and a histopathological examination performed. The females were sacrificed on day 13 of gestation and the numbers of corpora lutea, implantations and resorptions were counted. In the 4 weeks treatment 10 mg/kg/day group, the testis weight increased while the weights of the epididymides, seminal vesicles and prostate decreased significantly, and the number of sperm was significantly decreased. Extension of seminiferous tubules, vacuolization of spermatocytes, spermatids and Sertoli cells, and degeneration of spermatocytes and spermatids were observed by histopathological examination. Copulation and impregnation were not affected by treatment but the implantation rate was significantly decreased in the 10 mg/kg/day group. These results show that compound C has testicular toxicity like other platinum complexes and that organ weight, number of sperm, number of implantation and histopathological examination are useful for detection purposes. Treatment with compound C for 9 weeks did not affect male reproductive function in spite of severe general toxicity. This suggests that testicular toxicity should be detected after 4 weeks rather than 9 weeks treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Results of in vitro fertilization therapy methods in Germany in 1996--the German In Vitro Fertilization Registry].

We believe that on the IVF subject, which is nowadays applied exept a standard method in the world. In the next years we could expect further improvement in our success++. It is also to anticipate that next changes in the development of assistance-reproduction will be: 1. Freezing of ovums, 2. To get in vitro-meture of the immature cells, 3. Transplantation of ovarium tissue, 4. Transfer of the blastocyst, 5. Transfer of cytoplasma or the cell nucleus. We recommend that the IVF/ICSI--therapy and birth of children has to be registrated in one central register.

Adult↗