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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Mapping a method for systematically reviewing the medical literature: a helpful checklist postmortem protocol of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related pathology in childhood.

INTRODUCTION: Since the first description of two children affected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), various diagnostic procedures have been established. However, the morphologic study of biopsy and autopsy material from children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still of fundamental importance. The morphology has contributed remarkably to the progress in understanding the pathogenesis of the primary tissue lesions and of the sequelae directly or indirectly associated with HIV infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HIV pathology in pediatric AIDS (PAIDS) through a systematic review of the English-language literature and to draw up a practical checklist protocol for the postmortem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information on HIV pathology in childhood was retrieved from a MEDLINE search (January 1994-January 2001) of the original reports and bibliographic article reviews published in English. Citations from papers retrieved were screened and retrieved papers were evaluated. RESULTS: Based on the screened data, we propose a practical, organ-oriented checklist protocol for the postmortem according to the HIV pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based medicine is a paradigm now exerting increasing influence in related fields such as surgery, general practice, psychiatry, and pathology. This article is a summary of the literature on PAIDS pathology. The protocol that we propose is particularly useful for pediatric pathology programs and for electronic data processing.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Choice of electron equipment for x-ray diagnostic digital scanning system].

The paper deals with the choice of electron equipment for X-ray diagnostic devices with digital image processing which are intended for population-based mass prophylactic examinations of lung. Guidelines for the optimization of the package of electron devices for processing and storing of data and for obtaining hard copies of X-ray films.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1981

[Biometry, data registration and data processing in rheumatology].

In the research of rheumatism there appear subjective, semiobjective and objective findings, by the combination of which criteria of activity, function and progression are recognized. Their qualitative criteria are described. Apart from an economically justifiable recording of data, in which regulations of codification and lists of recording of data are separated, the establishment of important statistical numbers of measure (mean value, standard deviation, variation coefficient) is described and explained, by which methods comparisons of groups (t-test after Student) for normally distributed measuring sizes, chi2-test for qualitative characteristics and categories and correlations (correlation coefficient after Bravais-Pearson, rank correlation after Spearman) are performed. The methods are described thus that they may be repeated ubiquitously and not only in the research of rheumatism, be it with or without electronic data processing devices. The factor analysis, which cannot be realised without using data processing, but by means of which we succeed in investigating its structural connections, is also explained. This is done with regard to the possible reduction of extensive laboratory investigation and the connected with this economic advantages.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1990

Development and application of a quality assurance information system in cardiac surgery (QUADRA study).

Preventive measures for quality in cadiac surgery which are based on electronic data processing initially have to overcome a variety of obstacles. Some of the most serious encountered are the need for more extensive but more precise and correct documentation, the definition of quality and the identification of parameters to assess it, fears that means to check everything and everybody are being installed, and finding ways to found the measures. The measures have two aims at least: ensuring a broad general standard of treatment which every patient can expect, and supporting efforts at a continuous improvement of treatment methods and thus of the results. These aims dictate that any measures instituted have to be of a permanent nature: they cannot be reached in the long term by a simple supplementary activity such as a research project. On the contrary, a complete integration in the general hospital routine and in the standard documentation and information processes is necessary. As these today still are not usually based on clinical progress reports which are formally suitable for data processing, reorganisation to achieve this is a prerequisite for successful quality assurance. This means, however, that those responsible for quality must help in the reorganisation.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1975

[Objective grading of stenosing coronary artery processes through the quantification of pathological-anatomical data their relations 1. Basic methodical concept and 1st results].

Proceeding from an estimation of the hitherto known models of the judgement of the coronary arteriosclerosis and the achieved degree of quantificability methodic principles are developed to quantify the influence of pathologo-anatomical parameters on the myocardial infarction with the help of mathematical methods using electronic data processing. With the help of the comparison of evaluation schemata according to Herzog/Schoenmackers and Romaniuk/Schroder on the basis of 174 hearts coronarographed post mortem a possibility is demostrated to estimate objectively the efficiency of evaluation schemata. The improvement of the evaluation after inclusion of the absolute mass of the heart is demonstrated. Herzog/Schoenmackers's valuation after the mathematical judgement of the probationers examined results in a wrong coordination of altogether 15 per cent, Romaniuk/Schroder's valuatiom results in 12.6 per cent. After the inclusion of the abolute mass of the heart into this valuation a decrease of the malcoordination to 10.3 per cent was achieved.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed2005

Failure of bedside ABO testing is still the most common cause of incorrect blood transfusion in the Barcode era.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: ABO-incompatible red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are a major risk in transfusion medicine. Identification of factors leading to this hazard is important to improve transfusion safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All consecutive erroneous ABO-incompatible transfusions occurring from January 1997 to December 2004 at the Charité University Hospital in Berlin, Germany were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 343,432 RBC units were transfused, and eight patients erroneously received 13 ABO-incompatible RBC concentrates. The most frequent error was incorrect bedside testing (n=7). Intensive care treatment was required in two cases, but there were no fatal mistransfusions. Four patients had no or only mild reactions. CONCLUSION: Mistransfusions are still a considerable risk in transfusion medicine despite quality control systems and electronic data processing. An increase in transfusion safety may require the introduction of further systems, e.g. radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1975

[Current state of blood transfusion in Yugoslavia and its perspectives].

The current situation of the transfusion service in this country has been characterised by small-scale operational level, the lack of regional system and basic components of a single service. There is a great variety in the medical and expert point of view starting from the lack of elementary hygienic and technical conditions, down to developed institutions of the European level. This activity has been characterised for the last ten years or so by an effort to win blood-givers at all cost, to enhance production of intravenous solutions which in some factories have obtained factory production volume, to determine basic blood groups and a very modest diagnostics for haemolitic diseases of newly born children. A large number of doctors--transfusiologists have obtained specialists' titles, but without any prospects to change the present status of their work: blood conservation, efforts to win blood-givers and determine blood groups. The differentiation between transfusiologists and clinic-engaged personnel has been increasing, thus making the transfusiologists to be far from the problems of modern haematology and clinical therapy. Observing the situation and status of transfusiology in the developed countries of Western Europe, it is possible to state that the transfusiology is developing in the direction of cooperation and team-work with doctors engaged in clinics. Therefore, cooperation with doctors engaged in clinics should be cultivated and organise team work. The intermediary role of doctors-transfusiologist in the cycle of health improvement should be avoided by all means. 90% of packed blood in this country is consumed in the form of full blood or dry plasma and only 10% in the form of desired derivatives, instead of the contrary case, since the precisely set therapy using new haemostatic medicaments is an economical imperative. The electronic data processing of blood-givers enables doctors-transfusiologists to deal with these problems since this is much cheaper and more efficient than when it was done by the doctor. Application of plactic casings, its industrial production, use of multi-channel electronic systems when determining the blood-groups and anti-bodies, makes this more of a technical than medical problem dealt by doctors. Production of intravenous solutions and plasma drying requires an inter-republican integration into a powerful industrial group, similar to that in Great Britain. Our transfusiologist should in future be engaged in business done by pathologists related to problems of blood patho-physiology, similar to the activities done in USA and other Anglo-Saxon countries. Integration of American Association of Blood Banks with the Association for organs and tissue transplation in USA only underlines this...

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1989

[Computer-assisted control of a public health inventory].

To cope with its tasks more efficiently, the Public Health Office of the "Märkische Kreis" in 1985 installed an information system on the basis of electronic data processing, the so-called "hygiene inventory". Initially, the introduction of this system into the local Public Health Office is described. The structure and organization of the programme and its performance are then discussed and exemplified by the control of drinking water supply plants. The disadvantages of computer use are by no means overlooked. The latter include the necessity to initially put in a considerable number of data and to constantly store new results, initial acceptance problems and the poor autonomy of the system. The most important advantages of computer-aided processing are optimum evaluation possibilities, centralised scheduling, automated production of letters, efficient drafting of the annual health report and the possibility of exchanging data media.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1992

Quality assurance by computerized endoscopy record systems.

Quality assurance in gastrointestinal endoscopy, as a crucial diagnostic and therapeutic process in medical care, has become a matter of increasing interest. However, concrete measures and standards are still lacking. Quality assurance as "continuous improvement" and "improvement by inspection" are discussed. Examples for clinical measures in the fields of indication for endoscopy, accuracy to the diagnostic test, thoroughness of the procedure and assessment of complications are given, and educational problems are discussed. Such structural problems of quality assurance as handling of a vast amount of data and assessment of late complications by follow-up information are addressed. Electronic data processing seems to be the most economic way to solve these problems. Requirements to data processing in the view of quality assurance are defined. Transferral of data from other departments within a hospital information system is necessary for the assessment of long-term follow-up. Different methods of communication within a hospital information system are discussed.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1978

[Formation of epicrises using the ESER computer R 21 based on the data-marking technic in gynecology].

Report about an electronic data processing system for gynaecology. The developed data document design and data flowchart are shown. The accumulated data allowed a detailed interpretation record. For all clinical treated patients the computer printed out a final gynaecological epicrisis. The system is an improvement of the information and the typewriting work of medial staff has been reduced.

Computers↗
PubMed1991

[Difficulties in continuous computer-assisted registration of postoperative wound infections].

To improve the frequency of primary registration and reduce the time spent on continuous registration of postoperative wound infections by electronic data processing (EDP), we analysed the failures made during a two year period, where and by whom they were made. 16.9% of the operations and 0.4% of the infections had not been registered primarily, and all involved groups had made mistakes, but the surgeons were responsible for 69.2% of the missing registrations. This study shows that reliable registration of infections requires frequent instruction of all groups, especially the surgeons, frequent reports of infections in the ward and for each surgeon, and that the registrations are continuously controlled and at the end of year.

Denmark↗
PubMed2002

[Intracorneal ring segments for the correction of myopia--suggestions to ensure a high standard of quality].

INTRODUCTION: The implantation of intracorneal ring segments (ICR-S) is the first reversible refractive surgical technique for the correction of low myopia. It is an effective and safe technique with a low rate of complications. Despite numerous publications it is a relatively new technique and its long-term tolerance cannot yet be assessed. Hence, it is recommendable to examine operated patients according to a standardised protocol for a longer period of time postoperatively. In this paper we present appropriate documentation forms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on experience gained in more than 100 ring implantations and a follow-up of three years, suggestions for follow-up dates and methods were developed. RESULTS: Follow-up dates are recommended before surgery, on the day of surgery, on the 1 st postoperative day, after the first postoperative week and the first, third, sixth and twelfth postoperative months and thereafter annually. The examination methods are listed in nine different documentation forms adapted to each follow-up date. In the Ophthalmological Department of the Clinic of Neubrandenburg, Germany, anonymous data are recorded by electronic data processing continuously and analyzed every three months. This guarantees to continually ensure the standard of quality. Other centres implanting intracorneal ring segments are welcome to make use of this system. SUMMARY: The documentation forms are a suggestion for standardisation of the follow-up after implantation of intracorneal ring segments. The adaptation of the forms to the further development is necessary and planned. It allows a comparison and early feedback on own results and is a contribution to long-term observation and to ensure a high standard of quality in a patient-oriented standard of care.

Adult↗