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Tissue distribution of [14C]ethambutol in mice.
Fifteen male mice were given oral doses of 32 mg [14C]ethambutol/kg in a study of the tissue distribution of the drug. Animals were killed 1, 2, 4, 7, and 24 h after dosage and radioactivity in various tissues was measured. Peak concentrations were seen at 2 h after dosage. With the exception of brain, all tissues examined (liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, and muscle) developed tissue-to-plasma concentration ratios greater than 2. Highest values were seen in liver, kidney, and lung. High lung values were viewed as a favorable attribute for a drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Ethambutol-induced ocular toxicity revisited.
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Analysis of d-ethambutol by circular dichroism of its copper chelates.
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Ethambutol-induced neutropenia and eosinophilia.
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Multiple drugs in retreatment of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Results with capreomycin and ethambutol.
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Ambulatory treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with ethambutol-isoniazid. Cooperative study conducted in Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador and Paraguay.
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Ethambutol compared to streptomycin in original treatment of advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Ethambutol in tuberculous meningitis.
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Ethambutol in pregnancy.
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Ethambutol in pregnancy: observations on embryogenesis.
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Acute gouty arthritis associated with the use of ethambutol.
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Toxic effects of ethambutol.
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Peripheral neuropathy associated with ethambutol.
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[Endogenous metabolism of mycobacteria. V. The influence of ethambutol on the endogenous metabolism of M. smegmatis].
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Reference to the mutations in the embB locus among Korean clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to ethambutol.
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Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy masquerading as ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy in a young male.
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Bioequivalence assessment of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide in a fixed dose combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol vs. separate formulations.
Depending on the patient category, tuberculosis requires treatment with 3 to 5 drugs which means that patient's compliance to therapy may not be optimal. To increase patient's adherence to treatment schedules, these drugs can be given as single drug preparations or fixed dose combinations (FDCs) of 2 or more drugs in a single formulation. However, an important issue associated with a rifampicin-containing FDC is its quality. Hence, to avoid spurious formulations entering the market, the World Health Organization and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease have recommended FDCs only of proven bioavailability. In this study, the relative bioavailability of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide was assessed in a group of 14 healthy male subjects using the FDC tablet containing 4 drugs versus separate formulations at the same dose levels. The study was designed as an open, crossover trial. A total of 9 blood samples were collected over a period of 24 h. The concentration of rifampicin, its main metabolite desacetyl rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide in plasma were assessed using HPLC analysis. The pharmacokinetic parameters AUC(0-24) and Cmax were subjected to parametric and non-parametric statistical tests at 90% confidence interval. In addition, time to reach peak concentration (tmax), elimination rate constant (Kel) and terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) for each drug were also calculated. It was concluded that the FDC tablet containing 4 drugs is bioequivalent to separate rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide formulations at the same dose levels.