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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Stroke in the records of the Department of Neurology, Silesian Medical Academy in Katowice and Zabre as well as the Neurology Department of the 8th Municipal Hospital in Katowice in the years 1970-1974].

The authors analysed the clinical material of acute vascular diseases of the central nervous system treated at the Department of Neurology, Silesian Medical Academy and Neurological Department of the 8th Municipal Hospital providing in the years 1970-1974 medical care for the population of two greatest cities of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region in cases of sudden neurological diseases. Cerebrovascular strokes accounted for 14.7% of all hospitalized cases. The mean annual index of admissions for these departments was 52.5 per 100 000 population. Cerebral haemorrhages were diagnosed in 28% strokes, they were somewhat more frequent in women, especially in oldest age. Subarachnoideal haemorrhages were observed in 9.3% of strokes, more frequently in the age range from 41 to 60 years, and more frequently in middle aged men. Thrombotic brain softening accounted for 37.1% of cases, more frequently in men aged 51-70 years. Similarly, transient cerebral ischemia recognized in 13.9% of cases was more frequent in men. On the other hand, cerebral arterial embolism diagnosed in 11.7% of cases occurred usually in women aged over 60 years. In March and April the number of patients admitted with cerebral haemorrhages was slightly higher, while in April, May and June cases of thrombotic encephalomalacia were more frequent.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphologic analysis of a case of Sheehan's postpartal hypophyseal necrosis].

The post-mortem finding of a 39-year-old woman with the Sheehan postpartal necrosis of the hypophysis is described. This was the only such case of 16,580 obductions of women in the period from 1961 to 1976. The cause of death was cerebral encephalomalacia and non-specific bronchopneumonia. The death occurred five years after the last delivery and almost three years after the established clinical diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Brain abscess (Part 5)--Brain abscess following internal carotid occlusion (author's transl)].

Three cases of brain abscess following an occlusion of the internal carotid artery were reported. Case 1: A 6-year-old girl with congenital heart disease was admitted with headache, disturbance of consciousness and left hemiparesis. Right carotid angiography revealed an occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. After 6 months, she was readmitted with high fever. CT scan revealed a low density area and a ring-like shadow at the same site of cerebral infarction. Case 2: A 69-year-old man was admitted in semicoma and with right hemiplegia. Left angiography revealed an occlusion of the left internal carotid artery. After 2 months, a brain abscess was noted in the infarcted area. Case 3: A 20-year-old man with congenital heart disease, was admitted due to headache, vomiting and high fever. CT scan revealed a brain abscess in the right frontal lobe. Carotid angiography showed bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. We concluded that diminution of cerebral oxygen and encephalomalacia are predisposing factors to the evolution of brain abscess.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Proliferating retinopathy in diabetes mellitus. Clinical and autopsy results].

UNLABELLED: Clinical and autoptic investigations of thirty patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and retinopathia proliferans result in these findings: Of the various manifestations of angiopathy only retinopathy (leading symptom), nephropathy, and arterial hypertension are present in all cases, all other forms receeding into the background numerically, though not in potency. 20 cases of nephropathy ended in uremia (cause of death), 10 cases in azotemia. In 14 out of 20 cases of uremia specific glomerulosclerosis (M. Kimmelstiel-Wilson) was stated autoptically, in the remaining 6 cases a different form of nephropathy was found (pyelonephritis, arteriosclerosis renum, chronic glomerulonephritis). In the 10 patients suffering from azotemia, direct causes of death were various general diseases, such as coronary sclerosis, encephalomalacia, pyogenic infections, and acute tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: Diabetes mellitus in connection with retinopathia proliferans turns out to be the most serious form of the general diabetic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Intracerebral migration of Cuterebra larva in a kitten.

Verminous encephalitis in a 4-week-old kitten was manifested by depression, hysteria, and terminal convulsions. Necropsy revealed a second instar of Cutebra sp in the right cerebral hemisphere. The main lesions in the brain were those of acute focal hemorrhagic encephalomalacia.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

18F positron emission computed tomography in closed head injury.

Locus and extent of cerebral dysfunction in five closed head injured patients as inferred from positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) scan studies were compared with locus and extent inferences made in the same five patients using three additional independent sources of data. These data included: (1) clinical neurologic examination findings, (2) an extensive battery of neuropsychologic tests (including WAIS, Wechsler Memory, Halstead Reitan procedures), and (3) a comprehensive speech and language assessment battery (including the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) and the Token Test). Neurologic, psychologic, and speech examinations were conducted within one week of the PET and CT studies. Three patients were studied at three months, one patient at six months, and one patient at two years after head injury. Follow-up CT scans were done 14 months later on four of five patients. This study supported the following major conclusions: the PET findings closely correspond with the site and extent of cerebral dysfunction inferences derived from the neurologic and behaviorial examinations but the CT findings did not; the follow-up CT scans, however, showed structural abnormalities (ie, encephalomalacia and atrophy) that were consistent with the PET, neurologic examination, and behavioral assessment findings; the study strongly supports the validity and predictive utility of neurobehavioral data which are directly pertinent to rehabilitation planning/programming in patients with closed head injury.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT of the brain in taste and smell dysfunction.

Three hundred fifty-four patients with taste and/or smell disorders were evaluated with computed tomography (CT). The largest group was characterized by head trauma (27%), followed by idiopathic causes (26%), postinfluenza-like hyposmia and hypogeusia (15%), and congenital etiologies (14%). Hyposmia and hypogeusia occurred concomitantly in 21%-45%, the percentage varying according to etiologic subgroup. CT abnormalities were found in 108 (31%) of the 354 patients. The most frequent pathologies were frontal encephalomalacia, subfrontal atrophy in the region of the olfactory bulbs, and anterior temporal lobe atrophy. These changes were found alone or in tandem. Some CT findings suggest common cerebral taste and smell centers and common neural pathways and association centers.

Ageusia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial meningitis in infants: sonographic features.

Twenty-three infants with clinically proven bacterial meningitis were studied with real-time cranial sonography at the time of initial diagnosis and in several cases subsequently. A spectrum of sonographic abnormalities was observed, including bright convolutional markings, focal or diffuse increased and/or decreased parenchymal echoes, ventricular debris, and hydrocephalus. In three infants with virulent Gram-negative meningitis serial sonographic studies showed the development of encephalomalacia. Because clinical neurologic assessment of the infant is limited, a diagnostic imaging method that is sensitive to early structural change and suitable for serial observations is advantageous. Transfontanelle real-time sonographic examination of the brain was found to be a reliable, informative, and relatively inexpensive method of documenting and monitoring complicated bacterial meningitis.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1978

[Clinical problems in extracranial vascular processes (author's transl)].

About 20 to 30% of the cerebral circulatory disturbances caused by arteriosclerosis depend on extracranial angiostenoses and vascular occlusions. Most frequently they are found in the region of the A. carotis interna, more seldomly the A. vertebralis or the A. subclavia and the aortic arch. The blood supply of the cerebral vascular regions concerned depends on the constitution and caliber of the collateral vessels, on their wall condition and elasticity, the blood pressure in the collateral circulation and the factor of time, the localization and the extension of the arterial disease. With regard to their effect asymptomatic stenoses and occlusions are differentiated from the transitory cerebral ischemia, the manifest encephalomalacia and the defective states. The clinical symptoms in extracranial angiostenoses and vascular occlusions, the necessary additional examinations to localize the process and to establish the differential diagnosis are discussed.

Aortic Arch Syndromes↗
PubMed1983

[Involvement of the eye in polycythemia vera (Vaquez-Osler disease)].

An example of chocked disk of 3-4 diopters (right eye) and 4-5 diopters (left eye) in a patient with cerebral alteration (encephalomalacia respectively bleeding) suffering from polycythemia vera is discussed in the light of own observation, literature, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapy. An internal treatment by radioactive phosphorus and blood-letting gave restitutio fere ad integrum.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Long-term follow up in chronic hemofiltration.

The course of treatment is demonstrated in 72 patients with chronic renal insufficiency who were undergoing regular hemofiltration for more than 6 months. 29 patients were treated for more than 5 years and 8 for more than 6 years with hemofiltration exclusively, total experience comprising 2,985 patient months. Thus, 16% of all patients accepted for artificial kidney treatment were selected for this form of therapy. Main reasons for transfer from hemodialysis to hemofiltration were hypotension, hypertension and/or repeated episodes of overhydration. In 12 patients with severe drug- and dialysis-resistant hypertension, blood pressure was normalized within 6 weeks after transfer to hemofiltration. Whereas some parameters of lipid and bone metabolism showed a tendency towards normalization, a favourable effect of hemofiltration on neuropathy was not observed. Main causes of death were encephalomalacia and cardiac infarction. Contraindications for post-dilution hemofiltration are vascular access problems resulting in a reduced blood flow and severe catabolism with accumulation of low molecular protein metabolites or potassium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Paralysis in lambs caused by overdosing with parbendazole.

An experiment was undertaken to determine whether an overdose of the anthelmintic parbendazole could cause paralysis in lambs when given to ewes during the early stages of pregnancy. Out of a total of 68 lambs, born from ewes treated at various stages of gestation with parbendazole at 180 mg/kg, 5 showed the paralysis syndrome, 5 showed skeletal deformities, 2 were ataxic, while 1 foetus was aborted. The ewes giving birth to paralysed lambs had been treated with parbendazole at 30, 32, 37 and 53 days of gestation. Cerebral hypoplasia was observed in 2 of these lambs, while 2 others showed internal hydrocephaly. Histopathological lesions observed in the lambs with cerebral hypoplasia included gliosis and areas of encephalomalacia in the cerebral white matter. Lesions present in the spinal cords of the 2 ataxic lambs included hydromyelia, syringomyelia, duplication of the spinal canal and an abnormal position of the canal. This is the first report describing brain lesions in lambs as a result of an overdose of parbendazole.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1982

[Late vascular effects in irradiated mice brain: in relation to experimental radionecrosis (author's transl)].

The whole brains of mice were irradiated with 250 kVp X-ray at 120 rad min-1 (1.6 mm Cu HVL, TSD 50 cm) and a histological study was done. The dose range of X-irradiation was from 1300 to 2500 rads. i.e., 1300, 1500, 1750, 2000, and 2500 rads. In the microscopic examination, the mice were killed at the regular postirradiation intervals of between 15 and 20, 31 and 40, 41 and 50, 51 and 60, 61 and 70, 71 and 80, 81 and 90, 139 and 177 weeks. A histological examination was performed by a morphometric estimation of vascular lesion in which the degree of the damage to the arterial system was scored through whole serial brain sections. Necrosis (encephalomalacia), atrophy, cell infiltration, and telangiectatic vascular change of the brain, caused as a result of the fibrinoid necrosis of the large artery were observed. Incidence of the fibrinoid necrosis increased dose dependently between 41 and 87 weeks after irradiation. Mean score of fibrinoid necrosis increased dose dependently approximately 60 weeks after irradiation. It is suggested that scores of large vessel damage do relate to dose at 41-87 weeks and can be used to quantify the vessel injury and a fibrinoid necrosis of the large vessels may relate to the incidence of radionecrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Field experience with osteoporosis in broilers].

Osteoporosis is a major cause of economic losses in broilers. Examination shows enteritis, retardation of growth, poor feathering, rickets and crazy chick disease (encephalomalacia) in some cases. It is almost beyond doubt that the disease is infectious and that contamination may persist on a farm over a prolonged period. To produce all clinical features, the birds should be infected during the first days of life. The incidence of osteoporosis in successive flocks may be reduced by thorough cleansing and disinfection with a 10 per cent solution of commercial formalin. Treatment of affected flocks with antibiotics for 3-4 days plus administration of additional vitamins A, D3, E and K for 10-14 days will usually result in more rapid restoration of growth. Economic losses may be considerably reduced by combining thorough cleansing and disinfection with the treatment of affected flocks.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Aflatoxicosis in horses.

Two episodes of acute aflatoxin poisoning in horses suggest that horses are susceptible to the toxic effects of this mycotoxin. Lesions associated with exposure to aflatoxin included encephalomalacia of cerebral hemispheres, fatty degeneration, necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, fibrosis of the liver, fatty infiltration of the kidney, hemorrhagic enteritis, and myocardial degeneration. Hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and depletion of lymphocytes accompanied these lesions. The diagnosis was based on gross and histopathologic observations, consistent with observations of other species poisoned with aflatoxin, and isolation of the toxin from feed and animal tissues. Removing contaminated feed prevented further morbidity or mortality.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1994

A case of delayed subdural hematoma.

Over the recent years, a number of authors have assumed that traumatic intracranial hematomas reach their maximum size within minutes after the trauma. However, there are reports in the literature of proven traumatic intracranial hematoma of delayed onset after a negative computer tomographic or arteriographic study of the brain. We present a case of a 70-year-old patient admitted to the Clinic after a road accident. On admission the patient was disoriented in regard to time but his neurological status was otherwise normal. On the second day after admission the patient's condition deteriorated and he became comatose with moderate left hemiparesis. An emergency left carotid angiography was performed which was negative for a hematoma. Three days later the patient died. Postmortem examination disclosed a subdural hematoma in the left parietotemporal region with a volume of about 100 ml, as well as encephalomalacia and brain edema.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

CT scans of cranial tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis of the central nervous system is still an important cause of death or significant neurologic disability. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment are extremely important to reduce its morbidity and mortality. The main forms of intracranial tuberculosis are represented by tuberculous meningitis, meningeal or parenchymal tuberculomas, and tuberculous abscess formation. Sequelae consist of hydrocephalus, calcifications, and areas of encephalomalacia. Less frequent manifestations include tuberculous osteitis of the skull and tuberculous otomastoiditis. Although MR imaging is in general somewhat more sensitive to the detection of cranial tuberculosis, CT is the diagnostic imaging mainstay in many clinical settings to demonstrate the various aspects of cranial tuberculosis on initial presentation and to monitor the evolution of the disease and response to therapy.

Brain↗
PubMed1994

Neonatal cerebral candidiasis: CT findings and clinical correlation.

Lumbar puncture in a premature newborn undergoing therapy for sepsis revealed meningitis. Contrast-enhanced cranial tomography revealed multiple, homogeneously or ring-like enhanced lesions with peripheral edema. Cerebrospinal fluid culture showed growth of candida. Significant clinical recovery after Amphotericin-B treatment was noted. Follow-up CT examination showed regression of the lesions. Five months later no pathology was reported except small calcified granulomas and an area of encephalomalacia.

Amphotericin B↗