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PubMed1995

A review of educational developments with Brånemark osseointegrated oral implants in Australia and New Zealand 1992-1994. Part II: Undergraduate, and postgraduate implant education in Australian and New Zealand dental schools.

A survey of Australian and New Zealand Dental Schools was carried out in 1993, aimed at assessing time allocation and curriculum content in relation to dental implants. Considerable variation was evident at both undergraduate and graduate levels. Continuing education courses in single-tooth implant surgery are available for general dental practitioners under carefully controlled circumstances. At the postgraduate level a formal University Diploma course in oral implants is now available at the University of Sydney. Dental educators must continue to react to the changing community scene in restorative dentistry, in terms of both need and demand. Educators must also be cognizant of the rapidity of change occurring in the area of implant dentistry. The provision of high-quality implant treatment and service is dependent on continual review of training and education at all levels of the dental profession.

Australia↗
PubMed1998

Psychosocial and educational outcomes associated with home- and clinic-based pretest education and cystic fibrosis carrier testing among a population of at-risk relatives.

We report on the psychosocial and knowledge outcomes of two different approaches to cystic fibrosis (CF) gene pretest education and carrier testing offered to 288 proactively recruited first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of people with CF. One group received pretest education and gene testing in a clinical setting from a certified genetic counselor. The other group received pretest education in their homes from a specially prepared pamphlet and were asked to send in a buccal cell sample for genotyping. No statistically significant differences between groups were noted on measures of CF knowledge, anxiety, and positive or negative affect, either while waiting for their test results or within a few weeks after they had learned their results. At both measurement points, participants who had received home education and testing reported that the testing was more convenient, but that they had received less information than they would have liked, and they were more likely to report being confused by the testing, although their level of CF knowledge was comparable to that of people who had been seen by a genetic counselor. In light of the increasing interest in home-based medical testing of all kinds, this study suggests that CF carrier testing in the home warrants further consideration as one possible approach to facilitating access to testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A randomized double blind trial of verbal NSAID education compared to verbal and written education.

OBJECTIVE: We performed a double blind randomized controlled trial to investigate whether patients taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) knew more about these drugs at followup depending on whether they were randomized to receiving or not receiving an NSAID information sheet. The patients were unaware they were in a study. METHODS: All patients received verbal education on the side effects of NSAID that was standardized and always given by the same rheumatologist. Thirty patients randomly received an NSAID information sheet and 26 patients did not. At next clinic followup, after reading a letter of explanation about the study and signing a consent form, patients completed a questionnaire asking about their knowledge of NSAID. RESULTS: Outcome variables assessed within the questionnaire included whether NSAID : (1) can decrease inflammation; (2) help with pain; (3) cause stomach upset and bleeding in the bowels. None of these variables were statistically significant. The only variable that was statistically significantly different between the groups was their report of whether they had received an information sheet about NSAID (p<0.00004). A greater proportion of patients who received the NSAID information sheet correctly reported they had received one compared to those who had not received one and who said they had not received one (85% in the former group, 70% in the latter group). The group who received the NSAID information sheet were more apt to say that NSAID can help with their pain (odds ratio 6.1, p<0.05). Education level was positively correlated with knowledge (p<0.04). However, level of education explained only 11% of the variance in overall knowledge scores (r=0.34) among all patients. CONCLUSION: An information sheet may not add educational value over verbal information by a physician in a clinic setting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Workload/outcome measurement for hospital educators. Confirming the value of education.

At Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, the education department has implemented a workload/outcome measurement system to analyze the elements necessary to deliver educational services and to identify the outcomes of that service at the application and impact levels. The system is unique in that it considers the "costs" in terms of the time and money necessary to produce an educational product in relationship to the "benefits" of that product to the organization. Monitoring workloads can help set work priorities and adjust work activities. Measuring outcomes can provide justification for workload by determining whether the activity made a difference and can draw attention to the importance of removing system barriers and of providing ongoing support in the workplace to achieve higher outcomes. This system can be adapted successfully to any healthcare facility to make decisions about educational priorities and resource allocation.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing theory in nursing education: an educational imperative.

Nursing has accepted theory as basic to its practice; however, the use and development of nursing theory is constrained by the approach used in nursing education. It is not appropriate or sufficient to isolate theory in one course. Moreover, confining nursing theory courses to graduate curricula, which is the custom in many schools of nursing, suggests that to focus on theory in the profession is esoteric. These curricular approaches inhibit socialization of students to the value of theory as essential to practice. It is imperative that nursing education engage students in theory-related content at all levels. This article presents a scheme to achieve systematic integration of theory-related content in curricula at all levels of nursing education from associate degree to doctorate. Through theory-based practice, nursing will come to realize its full potential as a discipline.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2005

Guidelines to the United Kingdom Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 and the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (SENDA) 2001 with regard to nurse education and dyslexia.

This paper concerns the impact of disability legislation on nurse education, nurse educators and student nurses, in relation to academic work and clinical placement, with regard to dyslexia. The two United Kingdom acts considered are the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA), 1995 and the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (SENDA), 2001, which is an amendment to the DDA. The paper examines and defines the main points of the acts, such as discrimination; less favourable treatment and its justification; reasonable adjustments; making adjustments in advance; disclosure and confidentiality requests; substantial disadvantage; current systems and regulations and concludes by raising issues which require clarification.

Certification↗
PubMed1992

A preliminary evaluation of education material prepared for the Safe Motherhood Initiative Educational Project.

Maternal death is a tragedy which is all too familiar in much of the world. As part of the Safe Motherhood Initiative the World Health Organization is developing and producing a learning package designed specifically for midwives. Through a modular system of learning incorporating aspects of community, prevention, treatment and follow-up the package seeks to address the five main causes of maternal mortality. In this paper the first pre-testing of the educational material in an African country is described. The extent of the evaluation is limited at this early stage but the initial analysis of the results is encouraging and have led to modifications of the original package. The evaluation has confirmed that a tool such as this package can be a valuable resource for midwife teachers attempting to improve the relevance of education for their midwifery students. The midwifery students whilst being 'with woman' in childbirth are also grappling with the realities of death in their everyday practice. The educational package has also reinforced the sense of urgency fundamental to completing this extensive project so that it can be made available to midwives throughout the developing world at the earliest opportunity.

Botswana↗
PubMed2004

Increasing self-efficacy and knowledge through a seizure education program for special education teachers.

Since the passage of the 1975 Education for All Handicapped Children Act and the 1986 PL99-457 amendment, many children aged birth to 3 years with special health care needs are enrolled in early intervention programs. Educators working in early intervention services often need to respond to and manage seizure activity and medical emergencies for special needs children. To do so, they need to have knowledge and confidence in their ability to intervene effectively. This intervention study was designed to address the knowledge and self-efficacy of 28 special needs educators on seizure management. The intervention resulted in increased knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy related to seizure management and their ability to interact supportively with families.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Problems in the outcomes of nursing education create challenges for continuing education.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges for continuing education by evaluating nurses' perceptions of quality of learning outcomes among graduates of nursing programs in Finland. The evaluation occurred 5 years after graduation from a bachelor's program, which means that learning outcomes can be weighed against the practice of nursing. METHOD: The data were collected in 1996 by postal questionnaires, which were divided into four main domains--basic nursing skills, interactive skills, counseling skills, and collaborative skills. The sample consisted of 522 graduating nursing students. The response rate was 68% (n = 354). RESULTS: The respondents felt most confident with their basic nursing, collaborative, and counseling skills. They felt least confident with their interactive skills, particularly with patients with alcohol or drug addiction problems. CONCLUSION: The results highlight some of the strengths and weaknesses of the nurse education system and provide insights for continuing education.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Challenges of Web-based education in educating nurses about evidence-based acute pain management practices for older adults.

Internet technology holds potential as a valuable educational tool, but several challenges continue to impede its use. This article describes the use of a web-based course to educate staff nurses regarding evidence-based acute pain management practices for older adults. Specific areas highlighted include: the steps involved in creating the web-based course; the materials and support required to disseminate the course; the challenges encountered in promoting use of the course; and responses to and evaluations of the course. The authors' experiences provide knowledge to assist other healthcare professionals on the use of a web-based course to educate staff nurses.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Integrating Health Education into Baccalaureate Nursing Education.

The nursing department's participation in the Project helped to clarify health education objectives within the curriculum process and this aided in evaluation of the effects of this essential component of nursing care. It had a further advantage of expanding our perspective of health education into an interdisciplinary focus. We will continue to integrate and evaluate the effects of the Project on our nursing curriculum. Ongoing evaluation of new approaches and their feasibility within nursing programs will have exciting implications for nursing education, and ultimately for nursing practice.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1998

Health management education and reformation of nursing education in the Slovak Republic.

This article details changes in nursing in the Slovak Republic. Nurses are an important part of the rapidly changing health care systems in the Slovak Republic, especially as nursing and health care move from a traditional to a more holistic approach. Nursing must adapt to the changes in the health care systems, including taking on more managerial responsibilities, requiring greater knowledge and skills. This article discusses the background and curriculum development of nursing education, from a traditional nursing education at the secondary school level to more advanced graduate-level programs, as nursing takes on a greater role in the Slovak Republic. Finally, the article details the need to implement the changes in education to the practice of nursing as well as the challenges of such implementation.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1999

[Connecting care models and trends in health education: grants for nursing education].

In this article the authors establish a connection between health care models and pedagogical trends considering their education and health care experiences in the hospital and in the communities and also the review of the literature. The pedagogical trends and health care models used by nurses in nursing education demonstrate their world view. Therefore it is important that they understand what is behind their practice so that nursing is in a political and historical context and its practice can foster the social transformation or keep the status quo. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the construction of nursing education.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurse anesthesia education in the new millennium: outcomes of a federally funded advanced nursing education grant.

Graduate nursing education is evolving in response to multiple societal influences affecting higher education. Nurse anesthesia education has also been affected by these forces. This article describes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a new graduate track in nurse anesthesia made possible by an academic partnership, and the positive impact that a federally funded grant had on the venture. The excellent academic outcomes, the changes in diversity of the student body, the innovative curriculum, and lessons learned from the project are described.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1998

Productivity of Educational Psychologists in Educational Psychology Journals, 1991-1996

The scholarly productivity of educational psychologists, indexed in terms of the number of papers published in professional journals in the field was the focus of this investigation. Five journals considered to be among the "core journals" in the field and, thus, those in which educational psychologists are likely to publish their scholarship were examined for the years 1991-1996. Both institutions (i.e., universities) and individuals were identified. The top-rated institution, in terms of educational psychology productivity, was the University of Maryland and the most prolific individual contributor to the journals was Herbert Marsh. The findings partially replicate several previous productivity studies in psychology and educational psychology. The most productive scholars in the field include both seasoned, established leaders in the discipline, as well as younger individuals who are making their mark. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Relationships of teenage smoking to educational aspirations and parents' education.

This study analyzes data for white high school seniors from the 1985 Monitoring the Future national survey. Students who had less educated parents or lower educational aspirations were more likely to have tried a cigarette, more likely to have adopted cigarette smoking, and less likely to have quit smoking. These students also had more favorable attitudes toward smoking, and reported greater acceptance of smoking by their friends. In addition, the students with less educated parents or lower educational aspirations appeared to be more rejecting of adult authority and more predisposed to adopt adult behaviors, and these characteristics, in turn, were associated with smoking more. The results of multivariate analyses support the hypothesis that these students have experienced less success in school and are more likely to adopt behaviors characteristic of adults as an alternative source of status and gratification, and this contributes to their higher rates of smoking.

Achievement↗
PubMed2004

Nutrition education and Mediterranean diet: exploring the teaching process of a school-based nutrition and media education project in Cretan primary schools.

BACKGROUND: During the past few decades there has been a gradual abandoning of the traditional Mediterranean diet by the population of Crete and especially among the younger generations. Since this is related to the rapidly increasing morbidity and mortality rates from chronic diseases, the need for educating young people on the principles of good nutrition becomes increasingly important. It is also acknowledged that the epidemiological field needs to focus on studying the implementation process, since this will allow for a deeper understanding of the outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to explore the process of implementing an innovation in Cretan primary schools and to identify best teaching practices and principles. DESIGN: In three state primary schools on the island of Crete, 107 children took part in a 30-h nutrition and media education programme. Classroom observations were used to define attitudes towards the programme and teaching methods. Besides baseline and post evaluation, the pupils were also interviewed about 11 months after the end of the programme. IMPLEMENTATION: During observation of the teaching process, emerging issues were the teacher's motivation and interest in the course, his/her preparation before each class, teaching ability and communication skills, the respect and discipline he/she kept and the innovative teaching methods used. In some cases researcher intervention in the classroom could not be avoided. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Overall, individual teacher willingness and teaching skills were mainly responsible for the quality of teaching, the variety of educational methods used in classrooms and pupils' interest in the course. Changes in pupils' knowledge and recall of the course were related to teacher enthusiasm but also to researcher intervention. Exploring the teaching and learning process allowed a deeper understanding of the data. It is concluded that attempts to introduce the principles of a Mediterranean diet to children through nutrition education require innovative, enthusiastic and highly motivated teachers.

Child↗
PubMed2002

A Review of Issues in Deaf Education Under Nigeria's 6-3-3-4 Education System.

This article examines issues affecting the education of deaf people under Nigeria's 6-3-3-4 system of education. The system was introduced in 1976 and serves all categories of learners in Nigeria, irrespective of disability. The broad aim of education under the system is to provide all Nigerian learners a wide variety of educational and vocational opportunities to ensure the optimum development of their potential. Evidence indicates that the implementation of the 6-3-3-4 system in Nigerian schools, including schools for the deaf, remains unsatisfactory. A plethora of problems running the gamut from inadequate personnel training programs, lack of facilities, failure of inclusion programs, to limited vocational preparation opportunities, inadequate funding of services, and absence of a legislation supporting the implementation of the 6-3-3-4 system are identified as the major factors militating against the effective implementation of the system in Nigerian schools, including schools for the deaf. The implications for improvements in these areas to achieve a more meaningful implementation of the 6-3-3-4 system are discussed.

Journal Article↗