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Results for “Development Policy”

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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Decreasing costs and improving outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus: using regression trees to develop health policy.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who are expected to experience the highest direct and indirect monetary costs and greatest diminished productivity so that we may intervene to reduce costs and improve outcomes. METHODS: We assessed demographics and health status in January, 1990 and costs incurred in the last 6 months of 1990 in January, 1991 in 151 patients with SLE enrolled in the Montreal General Hospital Lupus Registry. We used regression trees to separate low from high cost patients. RESULTS: Patients with poor physical or poor psychological functioning incur the highest direct costs (3-fold and 1.6-fold the group mean, respectively); those with the poorest psychological functioning incur the highest indirect costs (2-fold the group average); and those with the most intense pain experience the greatest impairment in productivity (3-fold the group average). CONCLUSION: Targeting patients with poor physical and psychological functioning and substantial pain with appropriate interventions may improve their outcomes and reduce disease costs. Targeting patients expected to have low costs with preventative interventions may delay worse outcomes and reduce future costs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The relationship between needs assessments and state strategies for meeting healthy people 2000 objectives: lessons from the Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant.

Recognizing the critical role of needs assessments in the development of public health policy, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 required states to include needs assessments in their Maternal and Child Health Services Block Grant applications and to demonstrate a link between needs and programs. We examined this link by analyzing the relationship between strategies to meet health objectives and needs assessments in the applications for fiscal year 1992 for the eight states in the southeast (DHHS Region 4). Overall, the proportion of strategies based on reported needs was 88%. Numerous other needs, however, were not related to any strategies. Furthermore, there were neither needs nor strategies described for many objectives. These data required extensive analysis of the applications. A uniform structured report would facilitate the explicit collection of this information and thus the usefulness of this important document for policy development and accountability.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Policies for developing workplace violence prevention strategies.

The paradox that some strategies to prevent workplace violence may actually increase the potential for violence is addressed. Strategies that might prevent crime-related internecine workplace violence are described and several ineffective and even potentially deleterious strategies examined.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing good policies for the health of pregnant workers.

It is inevitable that health and safety regulations for the protection of expectant or new mothers will have a major impact on nursing, a profession in which over 80% of the workforce is female. This article examines some of the ways in which this will happen.

Female↗
PubMed1997

[Violence and health in Colombia].

In Colombia, violence seems uncontrollable. Along with massacres and group killings of astonishing cruelty, there are also kidnappings and disappearances, abuse of children and the elderly, and rape of young adolescents. Every day, without respite, Columbians are witnesses or victims of street crimes as well as racial, sexual, and socioeconomic discrimination. Unwillingly, they become agents of aggression in public transport, at home, at school, and at work. Colombia has the highest rates of mortality from homicide in the world. Apart from the enormous institutional burden that violence imposes on the health services and forensic medicine, it now constitutes the principal public health problem in the country. To confront it, the health sector must develop policies and finance actions, develop innovative ways to train personnel, implement public education processes, and devote more effort and greater creativity to research, which up to now has provided some, but not enough, important answers. Violence, which is the substitution of force for any type of dialogue, must be considered within the context of life and health. This it not merely an attempt to rationalize violence, much less to substitute words or reflection for action, but rather an attempt to understand it in depth in order to search for alternatives. With that goal, this article analyzes the subject of violence in Colombia, principally from the perspective of its effect on the health of the citizens and its implications for the health sector. The author fully recognizes the subjectivity and limitations of the views he expresses herein.

Colombia↗
PubMed2000

Reflections: the challenge of biotechnology and public policy.

Rapid developments in the area of biotechnology within the next decade are likely to have a significant impact on Canadian society. This article outlines the practical and ethical issues that will need to be addressed in the face of scientific advances, and contemplates the development of an appropriate policy framework in this regard. Surveying the approaches to policy development taken thus far, the author notes the underlying need for greater transparency and public participation. Rational and effective policies will only result from additional basic scientific data being made available to a more informed and engaged Canadian public.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Child development and public policy: toward a dynamic systems perspective.

Little theoretical work exists that proposes general mechanisms for how public policies may influence child development. This article argues that dynamic systems theories may be useful in illuminating such processes, as well as highlighting gaps in current research at the intersection of public policy analysis and developmental science. A brief review of dynamic systems theories as they are currently utilized in other areas of developmental science is provided, as well as a statement of why they may help advance research in public policy and child development. Five principles of dynamic systems theories are presented and discussed using examples from research that address the question, "How do current antipoverty and welfare reform policies affect children?" Also presented are examples of hypotheses and research questions that each principle may generate for future work. The concluding section presents challenges that each principle poses for research methodology, and potential uses of the dynamic systems approach for developing and integrating policy and program initiatives.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Ensuring correct site surgery.

AORN is committed to promoting the identification of the correct surgical site. Using the suggested risk-prevention strategies when developing policies and procedures will reduce the risk of error. AORN's position statement on correct site surgery is available on AORN Online (i.e., http://www.aorn.org/about/positions/correct site.htm). Other resources can be found on the Patient Safety First web site (i.e., http://www.patient safetyfirst.org). As patient advocates, perioperative RNs should communicate with all members of the surgical team to verify the correct surgical site. Individual facility policy should clearly delineate the role and responsibility of the physician and other team members in marking and verifying the patient's-identity and the correct surgical site, procedure, and laterality. Perioperative nurses also should think about the last time an error or a near miss related to wrong site surgery occurred. Compare your facility's current policy and procedure to JCAHO recommendations and work within your facility to develop, implement, and monitor a collaboratively developed, multidisciplinary policy and procedure. If your facility has not addressed the issue of wrong site surgery, learn more about why this problem occurs and see what you can do to make correct site surgery an expectation--100% of the time.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The mental health country profile: background, design and use of a systematic method of appraisal.

This article describes the construction and use of a systematic structured method of mental health country situation appraisal, in order to help meet the need for conceptual tools to assist planners and policy makers develop and audit policy and implementation strategies. The tool encompasses the key domains of context, needs, resources, provisions and outcomes, and provides a framework for synthesizing key qualitative and quantitative information, flagging up gaps in knowledge, and for reviewing existing policies. It serves as an enabling tool to alert and inform policy makers, professionals and other key stakeholders about important issues which need to be considered in mental health policy development. It provides detailed country specific information in a systematic format, to facilitate global sharing of experiences of mental health reform and strategies between policy makers and other stakeholders. Lastly, it is designed to be a capacity building tool for local stakeholders to enhance situation appraisal, and multisectorial policy development and implementation.

Africa↗