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PubMedDate not supplied

Target inventory levels for a hospital blood bank or a decentralized regional blood banking system.

For any blood type, there is a complex interaction among the optimal inventory level, daily demand level, the transfusion to crossmatch ratio, the crossmatch release period and the age of arriving units that determine the shortage and outdate rate. The blood bank administrator should establish optimal target inventory levels based on a simple equation (decision rule) relating these factors. Evaluation of this rule indicates that its implementation can lead to a very low shortage rate and a reasonable low outdate rate if the blood bank administrator makes efforts to control the crossmatch release period and the average transfusion to crossmatch ratio.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed2001

[Decentralized geriatric psychiatry. Experiences and evaluation of developing a memory consultation clinic at a regional hospital].

PURPOSE: At the General Hospital in Thun (Switzerland) a memory clinic was established in 1999. METHOD: The first 55 cases (30 females and 25 males) were statistically analysed as a part of internal quality management. The patients were examined using a usual assessment including physical and psychiatric examination, blood and neuropsychological testing (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale). RESULTS: 14% of the examined patients did show kind of cognitive deficit. Men yielded significantly better results in neuropsychological testing than women. CONCLUSIONS: The general acceptance of the new memory clinic in Thun is due to the growing demand for such institutions because of the demographic development. Men's better results in neurological testing might be a sign of different reaction-patterns of their families, that make family practitioners send them at an earlier stage of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Quality assurance by improved cooperation structures. The example of decentralized early detection mammography].

The German Mammography Study investigated into quality assurance measures for screening mammography, proceeding in a decentralised manner and focussing especially on structure, process and outcome of the study. The field phase lasted for three years, and during this period the technology of the equipment used in mammography improved, also to the indicators of process and of early outcome. The annual interval of examinations was well received. To include mammography into the German cancer screening programme is no easy matter: it requires a comprehensive cooperative quality assurance programme incorporating various institutions of medical care. Appropriate recommendations have been made to the Federal Committee of Physicians and Sickness Insurance Bodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Hirschberg erred here: the correct angle factor is 12 degrees pro mm corneal reflex decentration. Geometric optical analysis of various methods in strabismometry].

BACKGROUND: The use of prisms and cover is the established clinical method to measure eye alignment, the accuracy of which may reach 0.5 degree (1 cm/m). By contrast, there are contradictory recommendations in the literature regarding the measurement with corneal reflections. The purpose of the study was to present a synopsis of the foundations on which such measurements are based, and to derive parameters for the measurement of eye alignment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Simple eye models for an adult average eye were derived. From these the dependence of the shift of the corneal reflex and of the limbus upon eye rotation was derived and expressed as rotation versus shift ratio WF, in degrees per millimeter or prism diopters per mm. RESULTS: This study confirmed the findings of a number of studies in that the frequently quoted Hirschberg ratio of 7-8 degrees/mm (13 cm/m/mm) is much too low. The correct ratio is 12 degrees/mm (21 cm/m/mm). CONCLUSIONS: Without covering, a misalignment is estimated best by judging the difference between the positions of the corneal reflexes in both eyes. Due to the limited accuracy of this test of at best +/- 5 degrees (8.7 cm/m), pseudotropia may not be distinguished from microtropia. The magnitude of a refixation movement may be estimated best by looking at the limbus shift, with a ratio of about 5 degrees/mm (8.7 cm/m/mm).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Incidence and development of decentration of posterior chamber lenses implanted in the capsule sac].

A total of 284 patients with posterior chamber lenses (Sinskey-Kratz type) implanted in the capsular bag were re-examined on average 14 months after implantation. In 87% optical centration was excellent; 12% showed a minimal displacement exceeding 0.4 mm. In four patients (1%) gross displacement of the lens within the capsular bag was seen, caused by proliferation of residual lens cortex, asymmetric shrinkage of the capsular bag, and perforation of the bag by a lens loop.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Compliance with European guidelines for diagnostic mammography in a decentralized health-care setting.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the compliance of Danish mammography clinics with requirements concerning organization, activity volume, and assessment procedures from two European guidelines for quality assurance in diagnostic mammography (EUSOMA and EUREF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used individual records on all diagnostic mammographies performed in Denmark in 2000, and questionnaires given to Danish mammography clinics in 2000, 2002, and 2004. RESULTS: The study showed a marked centralization of the diagnostic activity from 2000 to 2004 to a smaller number of public breast assessment centers with full multidisciplinary breast assessment. However, a relatively large number of these centers did not comply with the activity volume requirement of 2000 mammograms per clinic per year. The number of private diagnostic mammography clinics performing basic diagnostic mammography has remained fairly stable in the period 2000 to 2004. Compared with public breast assessment centers, the private diagnostic mammography clinics had a lower compliance with activity volume requirements. CONCLUSION: A marked proportion of Danish public breast assessment centers operate with less than optimal activity volume, suggesting that further centralization would be appropriate. The situation in private diagnostic mammography clinics may cause concern, as our study showed that the majority of these clinics did not meet the activity volume requirements.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1979

Calculation of the dose-rate dependence of the decentric yield after Co gamma-irradiation of human lymphocytes.

The dose relation for dicentrics after in vitro Co gamma-irradiation of human lymphocytes with dose rates of 50 and 1.7 rad/min fit the linear-quadratic function y=alpha D + beta D2. Compared with 50 rad/min, after 1.7 rad/min alpha D was unchanged, whereas beta D2 was decreased by 36 percent. By applying the mean interaction time t approximate to 110 min for primary breaks, determined in an earlier experiment, and Lea's G-function, a theoretical dose relation for 1.7 rad/min can be calculated from the corresponding experimental curve. Thus, from calibration curves with conventional dose rates dose-effect curves for low dose rates can be derived without the need for time-consuming chromosome analyses.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1988

Near-patient testing. Quality of laboratory test results obtained by non-technical personnel in a decentralized setting.

The authors evaluated the quality and reliability of four desktop analyzers in the outpatient clinic. Twenty-seven nontechnologists (NTs) participated in the study. These included nurses, physicians, and medical students. The instruments and tests evaluated were as follows: Reflotron (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyltransferase and urea); Seralyzer (creatinine, glucose, potassium, aspartate aminotransferase, and hemoglobin); Vision (glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, and uric acid); and DT60 (sodium, potassium, glucose, amylase, uric acid, bilirubin, and creatinine). For precision studies, low and high control material was used, and method comparison was done with methods in routine use in the laboratory. The range of coefficients of variation (CVs) for the analyzers with NTs was as follows: Reflotron: CV, 2.4-7.9%; Seralyzer CV, 1.4-18.7%; Vision: CV, 1.5-2.7%; DT60: CV, 2.5-46.8. The percentage results that is different by greater than 10% between the NTs and trained technologists was related to the complexicity of procedure for each analyzer and was the lowest for the Vision analyzer and greatest for the Seralyzer.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗