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PubMed2006

Collecting data on alcohol use and alcohol-related victimization: a comparison of telephone and Web-based survey methods.

OBJECTIVE: Traditionally, personal contact with an experienced interviewer has been thought to facilitate collection of data on alcohol use and victimization experiences. Recent studies indicate that Web-based surveys may be an efficient alternative for gathering these sensitive data. To date, telephone interviewing and Web-based collection of data on alcohol-related negative consequences, particularly victimization, have not been compared. This study was designed to compare data from an interviewer-administered and Web-based survey on alcohol use and alcohol-related negative consequences in a sample of college women. METHOD: Seven hundred women from a second semester freshmen college class were randomly selected to participate in either the telephone interview or Web-based modes of survey administration. RESULTS: Fifty-three percent of invited women (N = 370) completed the survey. Completion rates were higher, and estimated dollar costs were significantly lower, for the Web-based survey. There were no differences in reported rates of alcohol or drug use by survey method; however, there were differences in several specific alcohol-related negative consequences. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that, for college women, Web-based surveys versus telephone interviews can be an effective and more cost-efficient means for collecting data on alcohol use and related negative consequences, particularly victimization. In addition, we found some evidence that women may be more forthcoming when responding to a Web-based survey as compared with an interviewer-administered telephone survey.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Detailed analysis of binges in obese women with binge eating disorder: Comparisons using multiple methods of data collection.

OBJECTIVE: This study compares multiple methods of assessing food intake in obese women with binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD: Twelve women meeting BED criteria completed six random 24-hour dietary recalls, engaged in a laboratory binge eating episode, and completed the EDE interview. RESULTS: There was not a significant difference in total or macronutrient intake when binge eating episodes were assessed via the recall and laboratory methods. However, within-individual correlations were low for the size of different binge eating episodes collected by the two methods. Significantly more calories were consumed during objective than during subjective binges, and significant differences in macronutrient composition were observed. Meal patterning data collected by the EDE and the recalls were comparable. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest only moderate agreement between the methods that were examined. Future investigations with larger sample sizes are needed to examine the relationship among these different methods of assessing food intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The Web Experimental Psychology Lab: five years of data collection on the Internet.

In fall 1995, the worldwide-accessible Web Experimental Psychology Lab (http://www.genpsylab.unizh.ch) opened its doors to Web surfers and Web experimenters. It offers a frequently visited place at which to conduct true experiments over the Internet. Data from 5 years of laboratory running time are presented, along with recommendations for setting up and maintaining a virtual laboratory, including sections on the history of the Web laboratory and of Web experimenting, the laboratory's structure and design, visitor demographics, the Kids' Experimental Psychology Lab, access statistics, administration, software and hardware, marketing, other Web laboratories, data security, and data quality. It is concluded that experimental data collection via the Internet has proven to be an enrichment to science. Consequently, the Web Experimental Psychology Lab will continue and extend its services to the scientific community.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1985

The "key-form" system for data collection in disability evaluation.

A new system for comprehensive disability evaluation has been developed in the framework of our Hospital. This system is based on multidisciplinary evaluation during one day of tests and the summarization of the data collected. The process takes place at the Institute for Functional Evaluation, a joint project of the National Insurance Institute and the Loewenstein Hospital in Israel. The process was designed to provide the basis for the determination of the degree of disability according to the requirements of the General Disability Law. In order to carry out the experimental program a computerized system of recording was created. The method of recording is based upon the "Key-form" where the different systems of the body appear one after the other and next to them the term "normal" or "abnormal". In the case of an abnormal mark, the tester goes on to the next stage which involves completion of a detailed form for that system. The forms are coded for the transfer of information to the computer without intermediary stages and this enables processing of a vast amount of data with relative ease. The system enables compilation of individual profiles and statistical tables and analysis. Theoretical and practical applications of the system are discussed on the basis of the pilot study.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1994

[Digital data collection and analysis in clinical electrophysiology. A PC program for electrophysiology].

BACKGROUND: The number of data acquired in electrophysiology and the need for immediate analysis and interpretation justified the use of computerized signal acquisition and -analysis. Since such techniques are well known and established in computerized perimetry, the user of EOG, ERG, and VEP will profit from such an approach. METHOD: A computer program for signal acquisition and -analysis of clinical electrophysiology is described. The software is written in BASIC for IBM compatible PC/XT/AT computers. The program supports all electrophysiological examinations (EOG, ERG, VEP). It contains a subroutine for automated EOG recording and -analysis, allows measurements of amplitude and latency of standardized Ganzfeld-ERG and pattern-ERG. Options for recording and analysis of further stimuli are prepared. The possibility of determination of area under the curve is implemented. In the VEP subroutine evaluation of amplitude, latency, area under the curve, and Fast-Fourier-Transformation--necessary for steady-state-VEP--is installed. CONCLUSION: The program demonstrates that with the now available low cost Personal Computer technology it is possible to build up individual software systems for clinical electrophysiology supporting and optimizing all recording, analysing, and administrative procedures.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1996

Demographic data collection in less developed countries 1946-1996.

This evolution over the last 50 years of data collection systems in less developed countries is assessed. The progress made by civil registration systems has been extremely disappointing. Except in Central and South America, their role in providing vital rate estimates is still very limited. In contrast, the promulgation of regular population censuses has been a success, particularly in Africa. The relative merits and demerits of different types of demographic surveys are described. To some extent multi-round designs have given way to single-round surveys, such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). DHS-style enquiries are particularly suitable for evaluation of interventions but are less appropriate if the main aim is to measure vital rates.

Biometry↗
PubMed1982

A compact computer printer for quality control spirometric data collection.

A new microcomputer, the Datamite III, was tested with a standardized group of known physiologic spirometric inputs. These test inputs were developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and are recommended by the Association for Advancement of Medical Instruments. They exhibit a wide range of flows and volumes along with initial and terminal hesitation in order to test, under the most severe conditions, all aspects of automated data collection, such as initiation and termination thresholds, sampling rate, back extrapolation logic and data reduction. For all measured spirometric parameters, the accuracy of the Datamite III in computing data from these curves was well within all published requirements. Correlation coefficients of 1.000 were obtained between computed and delivered values for forced expiratory volume at 1s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF25-75). In addition, the Datamite III provides maximum technician support for enhanced quality control through unique program features.

Computers↗
PubMed2000

The IBIS project: data collection in London. Improved Monitoring for Brain Dysfunction during Intensive Care and Surgery.

The primary aim of the Improved Monitoring for Brain Dysfunction during Intensive Care and Surgery (IBIS) project was to create a unique and comprehensively annotated data library (DL) of multiple physiological, including neurophysiological, signals. Data collection was undertaken in Kuopio, Finland and London, UK, and comparable protocols were used at all the sites. In London, 43 patients were recruited at the Royal Brompton Hospital, followed by nine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, all of whom underwent cardiac or combined cardiac and carotid artery surgery. Thirty-seven patients underwent a single operation, while 15 underwent two procedures. The protocols and equipment used, problems specific to the electrically hostile environment and preliminary results are described, including those of clinical interest. The DL is being used for the development of clinically applicable neurophysiological monitoring tools.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Creative strategies for pediatric nursing research: data collection.

As the researcher contemplates the design and methodology of a study involving children, the age and maturity of the child are key factors for consideration. A good understanding of the child's cognitive and developmental level of functioning will greatly facilitate the explanation to the child and the process of obtaining data from the child. The successful outcome of a study may depend on how well the investigator uses this knowledge and is able to make appropriate adaptations in data collection to meet the requirements of the study design.

Child↗
PubMed2005

The future of the perfusion record: automated data collection vs. manual recording.

The perfusion record, whether manually recorded or computer generated, is a legal representation of the procedure. The handwritten perfusion record has been the most common method of recording events that occur during cardiopulmonary bypass. This record is of significant contrast to the integrated data management systems available that provide continuous collection of data automatically or by means of a few keystrokes. Additionally, an increasing number of monitoring devices are available to assist in the management of patients on bypass. These devices are becoming more complex and provide more data for the perfusionist to monitor and record. Most of the data from these can be downloaded automatically into online data management systems, allowing more time for the perfusionist to concentrate on the patient while simultaneously producing a more accurate record. In this prospective report, we compared 17 cases that were recorded using both manual and electronic data collection techniques. The perfusionist in charge of the case recorded the perfusion using the manual technique while a second perfusionist entered relevant events on the electronic record generated by the Stockert S3 Data Management System/Data Bahn (Munich, Germany). Analysis of the two types of perfusion records showed significant variations in the recorded information. Areas that showed the most inconsistency included measurement of the perfusion pressures, flow, blood temperatures, cardioplegia delivery details, and the recording of events, with the electronic record superior in the integrity of the data. In addition, the limitations of the electronic system were also shown by the lack of electronic gas flow data in our hardware. Our results confirm the importance of accurate methods of recording of perfusion events. The use of an automated system provides the opportunity to minimize transcription error and bias. This study highlights the limitation of spot recording of perfusion events in the overall record keeping for perfusion management.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of different X-ray data-collection systems using the crystal structure of octreotide.

The octapeptide octreotide crystallizes with three peptide molecules and about 20% water in the asymmetric unit, and in many ways possesses diffraction properties similar to those of a 'mini-protein' consisting of 24 amino-acid residues. It diffracts to about 1.0 A but data in the range 1.4-1.0 A are weak. It provides a suitable test of different macromolecular X-ray data-collection techniques, especially of their ability to measure weak reflections accurately. In contrast to typical proteins it is possible to perform a full anisotropic refinement, that we believe provides a more objective test of the quality of the data than the internal consistency of equivalent reflections. We have collected a total of six data sets. The X-ray sources included synchrotron radiation, Cu Kalpha rotating anodes and Mo Kalpha sealed tubes; position-sensitive two-dimensional detectors from four manufacturers and a four-circle diffractometer with scintillation counter were employed. Two of the six data sets were collected at low temperature. Reasonable anisotropic refinement was possible with all area-detector data sets, although significant differences in the precision of the final model were observed. In addition we tested the ability of automated Patterson interpretation to solve the structure using the six independent data sets. The structure solution was only successful using the synchrotron or rotating-anode data sets, i.e. for the more intense sources. It appears that for structure solution the maximum resolution of the data is critical, whereas for refinement the accuracy of the data is more important.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Data collection techniques.

We have provided an overview of techniques used to assess variables in the applied behavioral sciences. Most of the methods are used by both quantitative/positivist and qualitative/constructivist researchers but to different extents. Qualitative researchers prefer more open-ended, less structured data collection techniques than do quantitative researchers. Direct observation of participants is common in experimental and qualitative research; it is less common in so-called survey research, which tends to use self-report questionnaires. It is important that investigators use instruments that are reliable and valid for the population and purpose for which they will be used. Standardized instruments have manuals that provide norms and indexes of reliability and validity. However, if the populations and purpose on which these data are based are different from yours, it may be necessary for you to develop your own instrument or provide new evidence of reliability and validity.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1998

[Ethical issues regarding individual data collection and utilization in community health care programs].

To understand the nature of ethical issues in community-based health care programs, we conducted a mail survey of subjects who were public health nurses employed by municipal governments. The questionnaire consisted of questions about data collection, usage, disclosure, and educational experience. In 1996 we received 536 completed questionnaires which were then analyzed. Regarding who should input data into computers, the number of those who considered that municipal offices other than public health nurses would be the most appropriate for the input of examination data was the largest, followed by those who felt that contracting out was best. Many of the public health nurses considered that they needed to obtain informed consent for collection, usage and disclosure of sensitive items, such as data on HIV infection. The number of those considering that they could not disclose results of examinations to other community-based specialists in health and welfare without the subject's agreement was very high. In health examination programs, the public health nurses requested information on date of birth and occupations, but there was some hesitation in requesting the latter information. Although about a half of subjects responded that they did not require data concerning the first sexual intercourse in cervical cancer screening, 90 percent asked breast feeding history in breast cancer screening. Approximately 90 percent gave results of the examination to participants personally through personal communication or mail. Of the respondents, 40 percent reported having had educational courses on ethics while the others did not. There were some responses that reminded us of the unsatisfactory level of understanding about ethical issues, which underlined the need to emphasize importance, of including this in educational curricula.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1998

Expert witness/legal consultant: the importance of data collection.

Claims resulting from medical negligence are increasing at an alarming rate, resulting in an increasing demand for nursing specialists who can act as a legal consultant or expert witness. This article reviews the role of the nurse as a legal consult and/or expert witness, emphasizes the importance of data collection, and offers a list of healthcare-related documents, records, materials, and other evidence to assist the consultant.

Consultants↗
PubMed1999

Health care fraud and abuse data collection program: reporting of final adverse actions. Office of Inspector General (OIG), HHS. Final rule.

This final rule establishes a new CFR part to implement the statutory requirements of section 1128E of the Social Security Act, as added by section 221(a) of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996. Section 221(a) of HIPAA specifically directs the Secretary to establish a national health care fraud and abuse data collection program for the reporting and disclosing of certain final adverse actions taken against health care providers, suppliers and practitioners, and to maintain a data base of final adverse actions taken against health care providers, suppliers and practitioners.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) and functional assessment of patients with unilateral upper extremity deficiencies.

The Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) questionnaire was used to quantify functional abilities of a group of unilateral upper extremity deficiency (U-UED) patients and compare them with "normal" control children. Sixty-four consecutive patients with U-UED were assessed. Parents and adolescent (ages 11-21) patients responded. Underlying diagnosis, amputation level, and type of prosthesis were recorded. Scores were compared for congenital versus traumatic etiologies for patients with various amputation levels, and for patients using prostheses versus those not using prostheses. In both parent and patient responses, PODCI scores were significantly lower than "normal" for upper extremity function and sports. Scores were similar for congenital and acquired amputees. Responses from adolescent patients showed progressively decreasing scores for upper extremity, transfers, sports, and global function with progressively proximal amputation levels. Patients using prostheses with different terminal devices did not significantly differ. Parent responses for prosthesis wearers showed lower comfort/pain scores (ie, increased pain) than non-prosthesis wearers, but no significant differences in function, including upper extremity function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: a review of data collected by Projet RETRO-CI from 1987 to 1993.

We present a review of epidemiologic data collected by Projet RETRO-CI between 1987 and 1993 on trends in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 infections and on cases of AIDS in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Overall rates of HIV infection in pregnant women had already reached 10% in 1987, and have increased only modestly since then. In contrast, in 1992-1993, rates in men with sexually transmitted diseases and in female commercial sex workers reached 27 and 86%, respectively. The increases in infection rates have been largely due to transmission of HIV-1, whereas rates of HIV-2 have remained stable or have declined. Among persons with tuberculosis and hospitalized patients, rates of 46-71% have been reached, increases in recent years again being largely attributable to HIV-1. Among the 15,245 AIDS cases reported by Projet RETRO-CI, a steady decline in the male:female sex ratio has occurred over time, from 4.8:1 in 1988 to 1.9:1 in 1993. It is likely that AIDS cases were initially concentrated among a core group of female commercial sex workers and their male clients. A substantial proportion of sex workers and their clients originate from neighboring countries, and migration is likely to have contributed to the spread of HIV infection in West Africa. Including HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis as an AIDS-defining illness increased AIDS cases reported by Projet RETRO-CI by 13% in 1993. Despite a need for interventional research, careful description of the evolution of HIV/AIDS in this region remains essential.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗