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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Biochemical manifestations of the poisoning of larvae of Aedes aegypti (Insecta, Diptera) by the delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. I. Hemolymph carbohydrates].

The glycemia of 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera Culicidae) was determined over a 30 min to 36 hrs period following their immersion in water containing 0.00-0.01-0.02-0.1-1.0 mg per liter of a 12,000 I. U. per mg preparation of the delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. Seven major carbohydrate fractions were separated in the haemolymph, among which glycogen, trehalose and glucose were identified; the most concentrated of the 4 remaining unknown fractions, exhibits a similar chromatographic behavior but different chemical properties than glucuronic acid. The glycogen fraction shows two large amplitude peaks at 1 hr 30 and 6 hrs with 0.1 mg/l, whereas with the 2 lower doses (0.01 and 0.02 mg/l) a first drop from 30 min to 1 hr is followed by a peaking at 12 hrs. The haemolymph trehalose concentrations of intoxicated larvae increase relatively to controls 2 hrs after incubation with the lower dose; by contrast, they decrease with the 2 higher doses. The glucosemia increases in all cases, but more markedly with the higher dose as soon as 1 hr following the treatment. A positive correlation was found over the whole treatment duration between the glucosemia nd the trehalosemia of control larvae. The regression slope of this relationship decreases with increasing toxin doses and turns to negative values with 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l. These observations suggest the hypothesis that a uncontrolled increase of trehalase activity develops according to the increasing stages of intoxication. This clearly differenciates the effects of the B. T. i toxin from those of parasites, such as Fungi, Sporozoans or Nematodes in Mosquitoes.

Aedes↗
PubMed1985

Polytene chromosomes of Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Diptera, Culicidae).

Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis is the only European representative of the tribe Orthopodomyiini (Diptera: Culicidae). Its chromosomal complement consists of three pairs of metaphase chromosomes, as it is typical of culicine mosquitoes. O. pulcripalpis shows, differently from other culicine species, polytene chromosomes of excellent cytological quality, easily obtainable from the larval salivary glands. A photomap of the polytene chromosomes of the species is described in the present paper together with some details on chromosomal polymorphism.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hematophagous diptera arbovirus vectors in Africa (author's transl)].

The authors, in a first part, show the general arthropods-viruses-vertebrates relationships and specially the different conditions of virus maintenance in the selvatic foci. Then they succinctly give the main characteristics of the vectors bioecology useful for understanding the epidemiology of arbovirus diseases of man and domestic animals. Thus diptera vectors of o'nyong-nyong and chikungunya fevers, yellow fever, dengue fever, Wesselsbron, Sindbis, and West Nile viruses, Rift Valley fever, sandfly fevers, bluetongue and african horsesickness are recorded. Lastly some attention is given to the range of virus-vector specificity and to the virulence variability of virus according to the vector.

Aedes↗
PubMed1994

Cytogenetic characteristics of Chironomus balatonicus Devai, Wülker, Scholl (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Chernobyl region.

A cytogenetic analysis was carried out on a population of Chironomus balatonicus (Chironomidae, Diptera) from Chernobyl, a highly radioactive area of the Kiev region. Several chromosomal aberrations were established unique to a population of Chironomus balatonicus living in an area contaminated by radioactive waste. Five new heterozygous inversions, deficiencies in arms C, D, E, F and chromatid breaks were found in the irradiated population but not in nonirradiated populations. A pericentric inversion in chromosome AB occurred at a relatively high frequency. Genome aberrations expressed by a heterochromatized 'B' chromosome were evident. In the irradiated and nonirradiated populations common inversions occurred showing variation in their frequency depending on specific environmental conditions. The somatic and also the germ cells were characterized by a number of heteropycnotic nuclei and vacuolized chromosomes. Both the somatic and germ cells showed changes in the structural and functional organization of heterochromatin and this was particularly marked in the telomeric sectors of the chromosomes. The heterochromatin which is extremely sensitive to radioactivity appears to protect euchromatin from adverse environmental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The presence of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and bioregulators in existing breeding grounds in areas served by a family physician in the municipality of Fomento].

Research was made on the presence of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Fomento municipality health areas attended to by 52 family doctors, in Sancti Spíritus Province. 19 species were found. Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles albimanus were the most widely found. Fish and aquatic insect species serving as biological regulators were determined in each reservoir. The Gambusia punctata was the larvivorous fish most frequently found and most widely disseminated. Among predacious insects, those of the Odonata and Hemiptera orders were the most widely found.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Analysis of the protein/polypeptide in Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera:Culicidae) during hibernation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis].

Analysis on the protein/polypeptide in Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae) caught from the resting or overwintering places during the 3rd ten-day of September, the 2nd ten-day of December and the 1st ten-day of March in next year in Zhengzhou (34 degrees 43' N, 113 degrees 39' E) during hibernation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated that there were 153, 118 and 169 protein/polypeptide spots in unoverwintering, overwintering and recovering mosquitoes respectively. The molecular weight (MW) of most of the spots was less than 43.0 kDa, with isoelectric points (pI) between 5.65-7.34. The comparisons between each two types of mosquitoes during hibernation revealed that the variant rate of protein/polypeptide spots between overwintering and recovering mosquitoes (31.01%) was significantly higher than that between unoverwintering and recovering females (21.12%) (P < 0.05). The variant spots were 13 in unoverwintering, 7 in overwintering and 27 in recovering mosquitoes respectively. The comparisons among three types of mosquitoes during hibernation showed that the variant rate was significantly higher in recovering females (15.98%) than in unoverwintering (8.50%) (P < 0.05) and overwintering females (5.93%) (P < 0.01). The total variant rate of protein/polypeptide spots of all these three types of mosquitoes was 10.68%. Because the blood meal of all the mosquitoes used for homogenization was at Sella 1 (empty), and the ovary development was under Christophers II (resting stage), the experimental results were not affected by blood meal and the later ovary development (Christophers II-V).

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Toxic effect of ethanolic extract of Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) leaves against different developmental stages of Muscina stabulans (Diptera-Muscidae).

Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) is evergreen shrubs widely used for ornamental purpose in mediterranean region. The present investigation, revealed for the first time the insecticidal effect of ethanolic extract from leaves of this plant against 2nd instar larvae of the medically important false stable fly Muscina stabulans (Diptera: Muscidae). LC50 of the extract was 113.66 ppm. This dose delayed larval and pupal duration suppressed oviposition and decreased adult longevity of the survivors. Morphogenic abnormalities were recorded and photographed in larval, pupal and adult stages, which were produced from treating 2nd instar larvae with different concentrations of the extract.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Midge larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) as indicators of postmortem submersion interval of carcasses in a woodland stream: a preliminary report.

Data on colonization of rat carcasses by aquatic insects in riffle and pool areas of a small woodland stream were obtained to elucidate patterns potentially useful for determining the postmortem submersion interval of corpses in flowing water habitats. After 39 days, the carcasses had no visual signs of deterioration in the absence of large scavenging animals. Midge larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) were the dominant insects colonizing the carcasses. No patterns in numbers of larvae over time were evident, but the diversity of genera increased after 29 days in the riffle. Also, Orthocladius larvae did not begin to colonize the carcasses until after 13 days of submersion in the riffle and after 20 days of submersion in the pool. Although separated only by 20 m, the riffle and pool rats had dissimilar faunal assemblages. This suggests that different indices for determining the postmortem submersion interval of corpses based on midge larvae colonization should be developed for these two habitats. This investigation does not provide replicated data, but does shed light on what may happen to mammalian carcasses placed in a stream at a particular time of the year.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Attack of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) on horses in Basel (Switzerland)].

In April 1996 an attack of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) to horses was observed in the region of Basle, Switzerland. Females of Simulium erythrocephalum and Simulium ornatum were involved in this attack, part of them had taken a blood meal. For S. ornatum this is the first record in Switzerland that this species takes blood meals on horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Data on Mansonia titillans (Walker, 1948) (Diptera: Culicidae) oviposition on the plant Spirodela polirhyza (L.) in Cuba].

Laboratory studies and field observations in relation to the preference of Mansonia titillans (Diptera: Culicidae) to for oviposition over certain plants in 3 hatcheries of Havana Province (Bauta and Batabanó) and Havana City (Parque Lenin) were carried out. In the laboratory, the great number of ovipositions was found to occur under the leaves of plants such as Spirodela polirhiza, while under natural conditions it was observed that this can occur in egg hatcheries whenever Eicchornia sp is present, because these plants protect the eggs and provide adequate conditions for the larvae to complete the cycle of life in the roots.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Pests at Baltic Sea coast. II. Summary of most important groups on insects besides Coleoptera and Diptera].

In the special holiday situations at the Baltic coast of GDR, species of very different insect groups may become annoying to man. Own experiences in this field are reported (excepting Coleoptera and Diptera). The earwig, Forficula auricularia, has many varying aspects of a health pest (also in the respect of social hygiene). This species, too, may pinch painfully with his pincers. The lice species Pediculus capitis and Pthirus pubis are met with sometimes. Limothrips cerealium may be annoying not only when swarming in mass, but also individual specimens (crawling on the skin or piercing it). Ants may be a pest in varying manners. A special example of this is if they invade sand castles [sun bathing places on the beaches surrounded by sand walls]. Wasps are attracted by different ways to childrens' holiday camps. In 1973, they were even aggressive on the beach of Hiddensee. Caterpillars of Thaumatopaea pinivora may become a serious health pest in individual cases. The real cause is not always detected by laymen. Fleas occur more or less regularly. Sometimes they are incorrectly diagnosed or reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Establishing a strain of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera:Culicidae) in an insectarium].

For the first time in Dakar (Senegal), we managed to establish a local colony of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in insectarium. The observations on the productivity of the colony showed a gradual adaptation of the preimaginal stages to insectarium conditions. The estimated duration of the development of the various preimaginal stages showed an interval of 24 hours for egg hatching, 48 h for stage I, 24 h for stage II, 24 h for stage III and 36 h for the pupal stage. Stage IV which makes the difference in the duration of the adult-egg cycle, varied from 1 to 13 days. Pupal moulting occurred mainly between 11 h and 19 h, with a peak between 14 h and 15 h. The duration of the preimaginal cycle in insectarium was from 8 to 11 days. This fits with the duration shown in natural breeding places during the rainy season (the best period for the development) which was from 9.5 to 13.3 days. Emergence, faster in males, occurred in the evening around 6.30-7 p.m. The emergence rate was higher in insectarium (92.9%) compared with that shown in the field (6 to 20%) (the natural breeding places are subject to biological and biochemical variations and to predators's action). The sex-ratio is equal to 1. The studies in insectarium showed that the gonotrophic cycle is 3 days in neonate blood fed after day 2 and also in parous ones. This cycle is 5 days in nulliparous with pregravid stage. The average longevity is 16 days with a maximum of 26 days in females and 43 days in males.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Olfactory responses of female Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in a dual-choice olfactometer.

Olfactory responses of individual female (n = 1010) Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) to various odor stimuli were studied in a dual-choice olfactometer. Responses (i.e., the number of mosquitoes entering either of both olfactometer ports) were studied towards clean conditioned air (control), human foot skin emanations (collected on worn stockings), carbon dioxide (4.5% in clean air), moistened air, and various combinations thereof. Skin emanations were significantly more attractive (chi 2 = 23.0, p < 0.001) than clean stockings (control). The mosquito was also significantly more attracted (chi 2 = 7.7, p < 0.01) to skin emanations than to a clean stocking to which water (an equivalent of that absorbed by a worn stocking) was added. A moistened (1 g H2O) clean stocking, however, was slightly more attractive than a dry stocking (chi 2 = 6, p < 0.025). Carbon dioxide (4.5%) did not elicit higher responses than clean air, and no synergistic effect was observed in combination with skin emanations. With the aim of developing an odor-baited trap, our results indicate that Cx. quinquefasciatus responds well to human body odors which can be collected on polyamide materials.

Animals↗