With regard to animal experimentation.
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Animal Rights↗
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Results for “DIAPER RASH”
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Skin care and incontinence.
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Diaper Rash↗
Avoiding and treating the skin irritations of babies and children.
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Child↗
[Management of diaper dermatitis].
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Diaper Rash↗
[Juvenile gluteal granuloma].
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Buttocks↗
Diaper dermatitis in an adult. A case of erythema papuloerosive of Sevestre and Jacquet.
BACKGROUND: Irritants, friction and occlusion favor dermatitis or inflammatory reactions in the diaper area. Diaper dermatitis is not found exclusively in children but also in adults wearing a diaper for urinary incontinence. CASE: We report a case of eroded papules on the labia majora in a woman with urinary incontinence. CONCLUSION: Erythema papuloerosive of Sevestre and Jacquet is an unusual dermatitis due to irritant agents in the diaper area that may also affect adults. As this dermatitis may resemble neoplasia and venereal disease, it can be easily misdiagnosed, especially in adults.
Aged↗
Inhibition of moisture penetration to the skin by a novel incontinence barrier product.
OBJECTIVE: To measure the ability of a multiple-barrier product to inhibit the passage of a highly water-soluble tracer into the skin when compared with products currently available on the market (Peri-Care; Sween Corp., and Double-Guard; C. R. Bard, Inc.) DESIGN: Dye extraction from the skin was measured at specified intervals and a spectrophotometric measurement of the amount of dye was obtained. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Two groups of light-skinned volunteers, 6 young adults subjects, aged 22 to 31 years, and 6 older subjects, aged 61 to 73 years, were studied in a controlled laboratory setting. INSTRUMENTS: Spectronic 601 spectrophotometer. METHODS: Rectangles (1 inch x 4 inch), inscribed on the ventral forearm skin, were divided into 4 1 inch x 1-inch squares, onto which 50 microL of different barrier products were spread. Band-Aids (Johnson & Johnson), saturated with 70 microL of an FD&C red dye No. 40 solution, were placed over the treated squares and left in place for specified intervals up to 8 hours. Similarly treated Band-Aids placed onto untreated skin comprised the controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Amount of dye extracted from the skin as reflected by absorbance spectrophotometry. RESULTS: This multiple-barrier product inhibited the passage of the tracer into the skin significantly better than the other 2 products at all time points, except for 1 point in the elderly group. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive preclinical methods show that this prototype barrier cream inhibits the absorption onto the skin of a solution simulating the density and ionic strength of urine. The advantages and limitations of the methods are clarified and directions for clinical research are suggested.
Adult↗
Disposable diapers: safe and effective.
Nappy rash is a common problem in infants due to their thinner skin, wetness, heat and friction under cloth nappy, fecal enzymes and alkaline urine. The disposable diapers containing Super Absorbent Material (SAM) reduce the incidence of nappy rash. SAM quickly absorbs urine and keeps the skin dry. Also disposable diapers prevent fecal contamination by absorbing the urine and containing stools.
Diaper Rash↗
Diaper dermatitis--an overview.
Diaper dermatitis, also know as nappy rash, is an inflammation of the skin covered by nappy. It probably results due to an interaction of multiple factors like increased wetness, elevated pH due to urine, fecal enzymes and microorganisms under the nappy. It manifests as an erythematous rash occurring on the convex surfaces of skin under the nappy. Rashes resembling nappy dermatitis can also be caused by some diseases which may have serious systemic manifestations. Therefore it is essential to differentiate and treat them. The principle of treatment of diaper dermatitis is to keep the skin in the nappy area as dry as possible with frequent nappy change. The superabsorbent disposable diapers are known to reduce the incidence of diaper dermatitis. Barrier creams to protect the infant's skin and mild topical corticosteroids to reduce the inflammation are mainstays of therapy. The incidence and severity can be reduced by keeping the skin dry under the nappy and protected from irritants and infections.
Candidiasis, Cutaneous↗
Disposable diapers: a hygienic alternative.
The use of disposable diapers has offered improved health care benefits. Urine and fecal matter leakage from the cloth nappies and the hand-to-mouth behavior in infants leads to many illnesses with a feco-oral mode of transmission. Also, the tender skin of the infant is more prone to nappy rash. The modern age disposable diapers, when compared to cloth nappy, have displayed a superior ability in containment of urine and feces, thereby reducing contamination and transmission of infection. Also disposable diapers contain Super Absorbent Material (SAM) that successfully reduces the incidence of nappy rash.
Diaper Rash↗
Varicella: pediatric genital/rectal vesicular lesions of unclear origin.
Three children who presented with localized vesicular rash in the diaper area were found to have primary varicella-zoster infections. Primary varicella can closely mimic genital herpes simplex virus (HSV 1 or 2), which may be an indicator of sexual abuse. To avoid unfounded investigation for sexual abuse, primary varicella-zoster infection must be included in the differential diagnosis. Direct fluorescent antibody testing is a sensitive and specific diagnostic test that can be used to distinguish HSV 1 or 2 from varicella-zoster.
Chickenpox↗
[The condition of the skin system of the newborn infant on the first outpatient return after hospital discharge].
The objective of the study was to verify the condition of the tegument of the newborn in the first attendance to nursing follow-up after hospital discharge and to detect the actions undertaken by the mothers in the care of the newborns' skin and mucosa. The data were obtained through physical exam performed in 40 newborn in March and April of 1989. The problems most frequently identified were related to stump and skin rash caused by diapering. Daily bathing and the application of alcohol 70% on the stump were the practices most frequently utilized in relation to the skin.
Ambulatory Care↗
Common conditions and factors associated with diaper dermatitis.
In 1983, a questionnaire study was carried out to ascertain the types and principal causes of diaper dermatitis. Questionnaires were sent to 3,942 nursery personnel, and 1,773 responses were received. Diaper dermatitis was classified into six types according to distribution of skin lesions: type I was rash on the whole area in contact with the diaper; type II, eruptions on pubis, external genitalia, and intergluteal folds; type III, peridiaper rashes; type IV, psoriasis-like dermatitis; type V, perianal noduli; and type VI, partial eruptions of infantile dermatitis. According to questionnaire responses, type II dermatitis was seen most frequently (73.6%), followed by type I and type III (17.3%), type V (4.5%), type IV (1.7%), and type VI (1.5%). Erythema blastomyceticum infantile (EBI) must be differentiated from diaper dermatitis. EBI is due to Candida infection. Topical steroids are assumed to be a promoting factor of EBI.
Clothing↗
Meropenem in neonatal severe infections due to multiresistant gram-negative bacteria.
Recently, new broad spectrum carbapenem has been investigated on a world-wide scale for the treatment of moderate to severe infections. In the neonatal intensive care units the extensive use of third generation cephalosporins for therapy of neonatal sepsis may lead to rapid emergence of multiresistant gram-negative organisms. We report the use of meropenem in 35 infants with severe infections due to Acinetobacter baumanii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. All gram negative bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, ticarcilin, cefazoline, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and aminoglycosides. Eighty two percent of the cases (29/35) were born prematurely. Assisted ventilation was needed in 85.7% (30/35). All infants deteriorated during their conventional treatment and were changed to meropenem monotherapy. Six percent (2/35) died. The incidence of drug-related adverse events (mostly a slight increase in liver enzymes) was 8.5%. No adverse effects such as diarrhea, vomiting, rash, glossitis, oral or diaper area moniliasis, thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia and seizures were observed. At the end of therapy, overall satisfactory clinical and bacterial response was obtained in 33/35 (94.3%) of the newborns treated with meropenem. Clinical and bacterial response rates for meropenem were 100% for sepsis and 87.5% for nosocomial pneumonia. This report suggests that meropenem may be a useful antimicrobial agent in neonatal infections caused by multiresistant gram negative bacilli. Further studies are needed to confirm these results: Meropenem, newborn, sepsis and nosocomial infection.
Acinetobacter Infections↗
Diaper dermatitis.
Diaper dermatitis is a term used to encompass a wide range of inflammatory processes that occur in the area covered by the diaper. The term "diaper dermatitis" is thus simply a description of the location of a rash. Numerous factors can be involved in the pathogenesis of dermatitis in the diaper area. These factors, including the role of the diaper, of friction and contact irritation, of urine and ammonia, of feces, of infection, and of underlying dermatologic conditions, are discussed with an emphasis on management of the rash.
Ammonia↗
Effect of oxyquinoline ointment on diaper dermatitis.
The effectiveness of oxyquinoline ointment for diaper dermatitis was tested in a randomized double-blind trial. Compared to a combined control treatment group using Desitin or A & D ointment, use of oxyquinoline ointment significantly improved rash.
Dermatologic Agents↗
[Perianal papulonodular dermatitis in Hirschsprung disease].
INTRODUCTION: Macerations resulting from anal and/or urinary incontinence can lead to perineal or peristomal pseudo-verrucosis. The papulo-nodular perianal lesions observed in children after surgery for Hirschsprung syndrome is an example. CASE REPORT: A 28-month-old boy with rectosigmoid Hirschsprung disease developed chronic diarrhea after surgery with colo-anal anastomosis followed rapidly by perineal rash. The rash did not respond to local treatments and pseudo-condylomatous papulonodules developed. Infection, deficiency and tumoral causes were eliminated. Skin biopsy showed benign epidermal hyperplasia. The lesions regressed spontaneously within a few weeks after the diarrhea had been controlled and diapers were no longer used, confirming the diagnosis of perianal papulo-nodular dermatosis following surgical treatment for Hirschprung disease. DISCUSSION: The presentation of the perianal rash was similar to Sevestre and Jacquet dermatitis and infantile gluteal granuloma. The pathogenesis is similar to perianal or peristomal pseudoverrucosis seen in incontinent or stomy patients. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation, the periorificial localization and the pseudo-tumoral aspect of the lesions. Removal of the cause of maceration, when possible, is the basis of treatment.
Anus Diseases↗
Topical miconazole nitrate ointment in the treatment of diaper dermatitis complicated by candidiasis.
Diaper dermatitis (DD) complicated by candidiasis is a common problem in diaper-wearing infants and children. We report a double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group study evaluating the efficacy and safety of a low concentration of miconazole nitrate in a zinc oxide/petrolatum ointment for the treatment of DD complicated by candidiasis. Patients (N=330) who had DD with a severity score of 3 or higher were enrolled. Those patients with a baseline potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation and a baseline culture specimen that both tested positive for Candida were retained for efficacy analysis (n=236). Miconazole nitrate 0.25% ointment or a zinc oxide/petrolatum vehicle control were applied to all clinically affected areas of patients with DD for 7 days at each diaper change and after bathing. A follow-up test-of-cure visit was conducted at day 14. Among the patients completing the study, the overall rate of cure (clinical cure plus microbiologic cure) was 23% for the miconazole nitrate group and 10% for the vehicle control group (P=.005); the rate of clinical cure (complete rash clearance, DD severity score=0 at day 14) was 38% for the miconazole nitrate group and 11% for the vehicle control group (P<.001); and the rate of microbiologic cure (no culture growth of Candida) was 50% for the miconazole nitrate group and 23% for the vehicle control group. The vehicle control resulted in mild improvement at day 3 but little or no subsequent improvement. The discontinuation rate due to clinical failure was substantially lower for the miconazole nitrate group (4%) than the vehicle control group (47%). The mean DD severity index score for the miconazole nitrate group was significantly lower from day 3 through day 14 compared with that of the vehicle control group (P<.001). Adverse events were assessed as either unlikely to be related to study medication or unrelated to study medication. By including only those patients with microbiologically confirmed Candida infection, the study population may not be fully indicative of patients treated for DD in routine clinical practice. Our data show that miconazole nitrate 0.25% ointment was well tolerated and significantly more effective than the zinc oxide/petrolatum vehicle control for treatment of DD complicated by candidiasis.
Administration, Topical↗