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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Exploring issues of quality of service in a Next Generation Internet testbed: a case study using PathMaster.

This case study describes a project that explores issues of quality of service (QoS) relevant to the next-generation Internet (NGI), using the PathMaster application in a testbed environment. PathMaster is a prototype computer system that analyzes digitized cell images from cytology specimens and compares those images against an image database, returning a ranked set of "similar" cell images from the database. To perform NGI testbed evaluations, we used a cluster of nine parallel computation workstations configured as three subclusters using Cisco routers. This architecture provides a local "simulated Internet" in which we explored the following QoS strategies: (1) first-in-first-out queuing, (2) priority queuing, (3) weighted fair queuing, (4) weighted random early detection, and (5) traffic shaping. The study describes the results of using these strategies with a distributed version of the PathMaster system in the presence of different amounts of competing network traffic and discusses certain of the issues that arise. The goal of the study is to help introduce NGI QoS issues to the Medical Informatics community and to use the PathMaster NGI testbed to illustrate concretely certain of the QoS issues that arise.

Cell Biology↗
PubMed2003

A monitoring/auditing mechanism for SSL/TLS secured service sessions in Health Care Applications.

This paper analyzes the SSL/TLS procedures and defines the functionality of a monitoring/auditing entity running in parallel with the protocol, which is decoding, checking the certificate and permitting session establishment based on the decoded certificate information, the network addresses of the endpoints and a predefined access list. Finally, this paper discusses how such a facility can be used for detection impersonation attempts in Health Care applications and provides case studies to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

Networking consumer health information: bringing the patient into the medical information loop.

The Library of the Health Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago obtained a grant from the Illinois State Library to implement a statewide demonstration project that would provide consumer health information (CHI) using InfoTrac's Health Reference Center CD-ROM database. The goals of the project were to cooperate with targeted public libraries and clinics in providing CHI at the earliest point of need; to provide access to the database via a dial-up network server and a toll-free telephone number; and to work with targeted sites on database training, core CHI reference sources, and referral procedures. This paper provides background information about the project; describes the major systems and technical issues encountered; and discusses the outcomes, impact, and envisioned enhancements.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1992

The UK Human Genome Mapping Project online computing service.

This paper presents an overview of computing and networking facilities developed by the Medical Research Council to provide online computing support to the Human Genome Mapping Project (HGMP) in the UK. The facility is connected to a number of other computing facilities in various centres of genetics and molecular biology research excellence, either directly via high-speed links or through national and international wide-area networks. The paper describes the design and implementation of the current system, a 'client/server' network of Sun, IBM, DEC and Apple servers, gateways and workstations. A short outline of online computing services currently delivered by this system to the UK human genetics research community is also provided. More information about the services and their availability could be obtained by a direct approach to the UK HGMP-RC.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2004

A submission model for use in the indexing, searching, and retrieval of distributed pathology case and tissue specimens.

This paper describes the Shared Pathology Informatics Network (SPIN) submission model for uploading de-identified XML annotations of pathology case and specimen information to a distributed peer-to-peer network architecture. SPIN use cases, architecture, and technologies, as well as pathology information design is described. With the architecture currently in use by six member institutions, SPIN appears to be a viable, secure methodology to submit pathology information for query and specimen retrieval by investigators

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2001

Management of the picture archiving and communications system archive at Texas Children's Hospital.

As hospitals convert from conventional film-based imaging to picture archival and communications systems (PACS), methods for managing an enormous library of images must change considerably. While most hospitals are required to retain general, nonmammographic, radiologic images for 7 years beyond the examination date, our pediatric hospital must maintain images until the child's eighteenth birthday, plus the 5-year statute of limitations. Although the physical extent of an electronic archive is tiny compared with a film archive, a long-range strategy is required to ensure that electronic images acquired today can be retrieved and viewed 23 years in the future. Challenges to the long-term stability of the electronic archive include the limited and uncertain shelf life of high-density electronic storage media, the finite maintainability of the electromechanical systems for reading the media, the short product lifetime of software for accessing the images, rapid development of higher density storage products, and the exponential advancement of computer and networking technology that fuels product obsolescence. Since we cannot assure the function of our current archive in two decades, we are committed to a continual process of migration of old electronic image data to newer media and systems. As an early-adopter of PACS technology, Texas Children's Hospital's (TCH) archive management experience is relevant to others. Although not filled to capacity, our first digital archive, based on phase-change write-once-read-many (WORM) technology, was forced into an inactive status by software and hardware changes. Our second set of archives was partially filled with low-density magneto-optical disk (MOD) media, when the drives were upgraded to high density and then filled to capacity. This undesirable situation forced us into shelf management of media. Our third-generation archive is based on a helical tape library with the capacity to contain 7 years of examinations. We will describe the motivation for data migration, limitations in the methods available to perform the migration, and unanticipated benefits of the migration process.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactive exploration of data traffic with Hierarchical Network Maps.

Network communication has become indispensable in business, education, and government. With the pervasive role of the Internet as a means of sharing information across networks, its misuse for destructive purposes, such as spreading malicious code, compromising remote hosts, or damaging data through unauthorized access, has grown immensely in the recent years. The classical way of monitoring the operation of large network systems is by analyzing the system logs for detecting anomalies. In this work, we introduce Hierarchical Network Map, an interactive visualization technique for gaining a deeper insight into network flow behavior by means of user-driven visual exploration. Our approach is meant as an enhancement to conventional analysis methods based on statistics or machine learning. We use multidimensional modeling combined with position and display awareness to view source and target data of the hosts in a hierarchical fashion with the ability to interactively change the level of aggregation or apply filtering. The interdisciplinary approach integrating data warehouse technology, information visualization, and decision support, brings about the benefit of efficiently collecting the input data and aggregating over very large data sets, visualizing the results, and providing interactivity to facilitate analytical reasoning.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

A tale of three cities--where RHIOS meet the NHIN.

Regional health information exchanges in California, Indiana, and Massachusetts have been collaborating on a prototype for a nationwide health information network, first under the auspices of the Markle Foundation's Connecting for Health program and now under contract to the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. Since mid-2004, this collaboration has evolved from a collection of regional efforts to a standards-driven cooperative and now to one of four prototype national networks fostered by federal efforts. This development reflects a maturing market for interoperability and integration in healthcare information technology, starting with RHIOs, and suggests one response to the industry's need for the type of plug-and-play information exchange available in other industries. The authors share their experiences and their views of how RHIOs and a Nationwide Health Information Network will further develop to make interoperable electronic health records a reality in coming years. The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology.

Boston↗
PubMed1990

The benefits and perils of system integration.

The current health care environment is complex, with no single systems solution dominating the marketplace. A new approach utilizes Networked Systems Integration to link disparate systems together. This paper discusses the Systems Integration approach and suggests that it encourages user commitment, provides greater modularity, is cost effective, and supports solutions that offer greater functionality. However, it is noted that this approach is not without problems that can dramatically effect the realization of benefits.

Competitive Bidding↗
PubMed2004

The impact of countermeasure propagation on the prevalence of computer viruses.

Countermeasures such as software patches or warnings can be effective in helping organizations avert virus infection problems. However, current strategies for disseminating such countermeasures have limited their effectiveness. We propose a new approach, called the Countermeasure Competing (CMC) strategy, and use computer simulation to formally compare its relative effectiveness with three antivirus strategies currently under consideration. CMC is based on the idea that computer viruses and countermeasures spread through two separate but interlinked complex networks-the virus-spreading network and the countermeasure-propagation network, in which a countermeasure acts as a competing species against the computer virus. Our results show that CMC is more effective than other strategies based on the empirical virus data. The proposed CMC reduces the size of virus infection significantly when the countermeasure-propagation network has properties that favor countermeasures over viruses, or when the countermeasure-propagation rate is higher than the virus-spreading rate. In addition, our work reveals that CMC can be flexibly adapted to different uncertainties in the real world, enabling it to be tuned to a greater variety of situations than other strategies.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Genetic algorithms for route discovery.

Packet routing in networks requires knowledge about available paths, which can be either acquired dynamically while the traffic is being forwarded, or statically (in advance) based on prior information of a network's topology. This paper describes an experimental investigation of path discovery using genetic algorithms (GAs). We start with the quality-of-service (QoS)-driven routing protocol called "cognitive packet network" (CPN), which uses smart packets (SPs) to dynamically select routes in a distributed autonomic manner based on a user's QoS requirements. We extend it by introducing a GA at the source routers, which modifies and filters the paths discovered by the CPN. The GA can combine the paths that were previously discovered to create new untested but valid source-to-destination paths, which are then selected on the basis of their "fitness." We present an implementation of this approach, where the GA runs in background mode so as not to overload the ingress routers. Measurements conducted on a network test bed indicate that when the background-traffic load of the network is light to medium, the GA can result in improved QoS. When the background-traffic load is high, it appears that the use of the GA may be detrimental to the QoS experienced by users as compared to CPN routing because the GA uses less timely state information in its decision making.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Development of a medical record and radiographic image transmission system using a high-speed communication network.

A medical record and radiographic image transmission system has been developed using a high-speed communication network. The databases are designed to store and transmit the data acquired from the scanner. To maximally utilize the communication bandwidth, the medical records and radiographic images are compressed using the G3 facsimile and JPEG coding standard method, respectively. TCP/IP, OOP and Windows-based system software enable a modular design, future expandability, open system interconnectivity, and diverse image manipulation functions.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Telescience at the University of California, Berkeley.

The University of California at Berkeley (UCB) is a member of a university consortium involved in telescience testbed activities under the sponsorship of NASA. Our Telescience Testbed Project consists of three experiments using flight hardware being developed for the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer project at UCB's Space Sciences Laboratory. The first one is a teleoperation experiment investigating remote instrument control using a computer network such as the Internet. The second experiment is an effort to develop a system for operation of a network of remote workstations allowing coordinated software development, evaluation, and use by widely dispersed groups. The final experiment concerns simulation as a method to facilitate the concurrent development of instrument hardware and support software. We describe our progress in these areas.

Astronomy↗
PubMed2000

Implementation of a dedicated optical fibre network for real time stereo imaging.

This paper describes the successful implementation of a dedicated fibre optic network for the real time stereo video imaging. It shows the approach in the design of both configuration and signalling requirements. It overcomes problems associated with standard optical network components and budget constraints of using specialised designs. The flexible configuration, using patch panels, allows for endless scenarios of routing the various audio, video and computer equipment signals to multiple locations. This arrangement permits dedicated point to point link or multicasting to two locations simultaneously. Redundancies in the fibre allocation enable fail safe operations and future expansion capabilities for other medical and IT applications.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1992

[Computer-assisted patient data management: from department-specific individual solutions to Vienna-wide network comprehensive solution].

Up to now the daily routine work and statistics have been facilitated by using some self-developed microcomputer based data collection systems. No network has been established. Currently we implemented in out hospital "Krankenanstalt Rudolfstitung" a country-wide patient oriented data collection net system. In future it will be possible to compare all patients datas, methods and success of treatment of all Viennese hospitals.

Austria↗
PubMed1996

A World Wide Web-based user interface for a data management system for use in multi-institutional clinical trials--development and experimental operation of an automated patient registration and random allocation system.

We have employed the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) to develop an automated patient registration and random allocation system for use in a multi-institutional clinical trial. We made it available on-line to World Wide Web clients in each hospital through a user friendly graphical user interface. During experimental operation, the physicians found it satisfactory from the viewpoint of both ease of operation and response time. For the development of a graphical user interface in network-based information system for use in multi-institutional clinical trials, HTTP/HTML has several advantages over an ordinary client-server model. Therefore, we concluded that we would adopt HTP/HTML for the construction of user interfaces for physicians in each spital and for data managers in our coordinating center.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed1987

An efficient and cost effective nuclear medicine image network.

An image network that is in use in a large nuclear medicine department is described. This network was designed to efficiently handle a large volume of clinical data at reasonable cost. Small, limited function computers are attached to each scintillation camera for data acquisition. The images are transferred by cable network or floppy disc to a large, powerful central computer for processing and display. Cost is minimized by use of small acquisition computers not equipped with expensive video display systems or elaborate analysis software. Thus, financial expenditure can be concentrated in a powerful central computer providing a centralized data base, rapid processing, and an efficient environment for program development. Clinical work is greatly facilitated because the physicians can process and display all studies without leaving the main reading area.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1989

[Problems of using computer technics in hospitals of various profiles].

The main causes restraining the introduction of computers in medical establishments have been analyzed. It is noted that the most rational way of introducing computers into medical establishments consists in the development of local computer network (LCN). An optimal variant of multicomputer association is represented by LCN based on star topology having a multidrop line as a shunt. Such a solution has some distinct advantages since in this case a multidrop line can operate both as an autonomous mini-LCN and together with other multidrop lines. Besides, heterogenic computers can be grouped into similar multidrop lines.

Computer Communication Networks↗