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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A follow-up of admissions to the California Civil Addict Program.

A follow-up interview study of early admissions to the California Civil Addict Program found that those continuing in the program performed substantially better during the commitment period than did a comparable group discharged shortly after admission. To a lesser extent, the program also appeared to have had some impact subsequent to discharge. Those program discharges defined as successes tended to do relatively well until the time of interview. Comparisons under the strict (pre-1970) and more lenient regimens showed roughly comparable behavior, but the availability of methadone maintenance was also a significant factor in reducing heroin use during the latter period.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Drug abuse during the Civil War (1861-1865).

The Civil War (1861-1865) has long been blamed as the catalyst for the spread of drug addiction in America. This paper attempts to examine this hypothesis through an extensive review of pertinent literature, and to clarify misconceptions concerning addiction problems associated with the war.

Commerce↗
PubMed2006

Medical malpractice litigation related to gastrointestinal endoscopy in Japan: a two-decade review of civil court cases.

AIM: To examine the allegations in malpractice litigations related to gastrointestinal endoscopy in Japan. METHODS: A retrospective review of cases tried in the civil court system during the 21-year period from 1985 to 2005, identified in a computerized legal database, was undertaken. RESULTS: Eighteen malpractice litigations and a total of 30 allegations were identified. Of the 18 (44%) malpractice litigations, 8 (44%) were related to esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 4 (22%) to colonoscopy, 4 (22%) to endoscopic sphincterotomy, and 2 (11%) to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Seventeen (94%) cases pertained to complications, and the remaining (6%) case pertained to misdiagnosis. In 10 cases, the patient died of the complications. Allegations were categorized as: (1) performance error during the endoscopic procedure (n = 12, 40%); (2) lack of informed consent (n = 9, 30%); (3) performance error during the treatment after the endoscopic procedure (n = 4, 13%); (4) premedication error (n = 3, 10%); (5) diagnostic error (n = 1, 3%); and (6) indication error for the endoscopic procedure (n = 1, 3%). CONCLUSION: These data may aid in the design of risk prevention strategies to be used by gastrointestinal endoscopists.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗
PubMed2005

Serum lead levels in civil servicemen and public transport drivers in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: The risk of exposure to lead varies significantly with source and exposure rates. Short-term exposure to high levels of lead can cause clinical symptoms starting from vomiting and ending with coma, even death. OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of occupational exposure with lead (Pb) health hazard in Makkah Al-Mukarramah city. DESIGN: Comparative study with geographical locations. SETTING: The city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS: Eighty nine servicemen and sixty nine public transport drivers in the city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Twelve per cent of those sampled showed serum levels higher than 40 ug/dl while the mean values were 23.14 and 15.2 ug/dl in public transport drivers and civil servicemen respectively. CONCLUSION: Accumulation and dispersion rates rather than exposure time appear to be the determinant factors for serum Pb levels. Clinical history did not correlate with serum-Pb levels, except in two cases of public transport drivers.

Geography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

["Teruel feet". Care and treatment of frostbite wounds in the hospitals of Navarra during the civil war].

The care of combatants with lesions caused by frostbite during the battle of Teruel, which was fought in extreme weather conditions and in temperatures as low as twenty degrees below zero, was the period of greatest medical activity and the highest rates of occupation in the military hospitals of Navarre during the civil war of 1936-1939. From November 1937 to March 1938, 375 cases of frostbite were registered in the provincial establishments, amongst which there was a predominance of cases of dry gangrene partially affecting the lower extremity, which was popularly known as "Teruel feet". Some of the medical staff, conscious of the exceptional nature of the casuistry, registered statistics, clinical cases and personal impressions of the evolution of the lesions and the effectiveness of the treatments. In treating this affectation they employed medicines, surgical techniques and novel therapeutic procedures that were not widely used in the medical milieu of the time. However, the limited duration of the problem, the inconclusive results of the treatments and the differing opinions on their effectiveness -questions that are considered in this article- restricted the subsequent medical repercussion of the experiences of frostbite developed during the wartime period in Teruel.

Foot↗
PubMed2006

Pharmacy students' opinions on civility and preferences regarding professors.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the types of classroom behavior that pharmacy students consider uncivil, participation in such behaviors, what type of professor and classroom setting they prefer, and changes in these opinions over time. METHODS: A survey instrument was used to collect data about students' feelings concerning incivility, participation in uncivil behaviors, and preferences concerning classroom experience. Demographic data were used to identify characteristics of student populations and ensure the same students were studied over different time periods. RESULTS: Younger students felt cheating was the most uncivil classroom behavior while older students most disliked cell phone/beeper use. Chewing gum was least offensive for all groups. Students desired that teachers cared about their learning experience, but few would phone a professor at home. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in views concerning civility were found among pharmacy students in their first, third, and fourth years, which may indicate that students' beliefs, actions, and preferences change as they progress through the curriculum.

Attitude↗
PubMed1996

War syndromes and their evaluation: from the U.S. Civil War to the Persian Gulf War.

PURPOSE: To better understand the health problems of veterans of the Persian Gulf War by analyzing previous war-related illnesses and identifying possible unifying factors. DATA SOURCE: English-language articles and books on war-related illnesses published since 1863 that were located primarily through a manual search of bibliographies. DATA EXTRACTION: Publications were assessed for information on the clinical characteristics of war-related illnesses and the research methods used to evaluate such illnesses. DATA SYNTHESIS: Poorly understood war syndromes have been associated with armed conflicts at least since the U.S. Civil War. Although these syndromes have been characterized by similar symptoms (fatigue, shortness of breath, headache, sleep disturbance, forgetfulness, and impaired concentration), no single recurring illness that is unrelated to psychological stress is apparent. However, many types of illness were found among evaluated veterans, including well-defined medical and psychiatric conditions, acute combat stress reaction, post-traumatic stress disorder, and possibly the chronic fatigue syndrome. No single disease is apparent, but one unifying factor stands out: A unique population was intensely scrutinized after experiencing an exceptional, life-threatening set of exposures. As a result, research efforts to date have been unable to conclusively show causality, have been subject to reporting bias, and have lacked similar control populations. In addition to research limitations, war syndromes have involved fundamental, unanswered questions about the importance of chronic somatic symptoms and the factors that create a personal sense of ill health. CONCLUSION: Until we can better understand what constitutes health and illness in all adult populations, we risk repeated occurrences of unexplained symptoms among veterans after each war.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Program exclusions and civil money penalties: the administrative process.

The authority vested in the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Office of Inspector General to combat fraud and abuse in the Medicare and state health care programs has continuously expanded during the past decade, and the government's experience in fighting fraud and abuse over the years has resulted in, and been augmented by, refined statutory and regulatory enforcement authority, culminating in the 1987 enactment of the Medicare and Medicaid Patient and Program Protection Act. This article addresses some of the expanded bases for exclusion and imposition of civil money penalties that were authorized by the 1987 legislation and set out in recently proposed regulations.

Certification↗
PubMed1991

Civil money penalties for failure to report on medical malpractice payments and for breaching the confidentiality of information--HHS. Final rule.

This final rule establishes civil money penalties (CMPs) pursuant to title IV of Public Law 99-660, the Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986 (HCQIA), as amended by section 402(a) of Public Law 100-177. Section 421(c) of HCQIA establishes a CMP against any entity that fails to report information that is required to be reported on medical malpractice payments. Section 427(b) of HCQIA establishes a CMP against any person that breaches the confidentiality of information which is reported or furnished pursuant to HCQIA and which the Secretary has established the National Practitioner Data Bank to collect and disseminate.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1991

Medicare and Social Security: fraud and abuse; civil money penalties for misuse of certain terms, symbols and emblems--HHS. Final rule.

This final rule implements section 428(a) of Public Law 100-360 which authorizes the imposition of civil money penalties for the use--in advertising, solicitations or other communications--of certain words, letters, symbols or emblems associated with the Department of Health and Human Services' Social Security and Medicare programs in a manner that the user knows, or should know, would convey a false impression that (1) the communicated item was approved, endorsed or authorized by the Department or its programs, or (2) the responsible person or organization has some connection with, or authorization from, the Department or these programs. This rulemaking is designed to assist in protecting citizens from misrepresentations concerning the services offered and programs administered by the Social Security Administration and the Health Care Financing Administration.

Advertising↗
PubMed1994

Medicare and state health care programs: fraud and abuse, civil money penalties and intermediate sanctions for certain violations by health maintenance organizations and competitive medical plans--HHS. Final rule.

This final rule implements sections 9312(c)(2), 9312(f), and 9434(b) of Public Law 99-509, section 7 of Public Law 100-93, section 4014 of Public Law 100-203, sections 224 and 411(k)(12) of Public Law 100-360, and section 6411(d)(3) of Public Law 101-239. These provisions broaden the Secretary's authority to impose intermediate sanctions and civil money penalties on health maintenance organizations (HMOs), competitive medical plans, and other prepaid health plans contracting under Medicare or Medicaid that (1) substantially fail to provide an enrolled individual with required medically necessary items and services; (2) engage in certain marketing, enrollment, reporting, or claims payment abuses; or (3) in the case of Medicare risk-contracting plans, employ or contract with, either directly or indirectly, an individual or entity excluded from participation in Medicare. The provisions also condition Federal financial participation in certain State payments on the State's exclusion of certain prohibited entities from participation in HMO contracts and waiver programs. This final rule is intended to significantly enhance the protections for Medicare beneficiaries and Medicaid recipients enrolled in a HMO, competitive medical plan, or other contracting organization under titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act.

Competitive Medical Plans↗
PubMed1994

Medicare and state health care programs: fraud and abuse, civil money penalties and intermediate sanctions for certain violations by health maintenance organizations and competitive medical plans--HHS. Correction to final regulations.

This document corrects technical errors that appeared in 42 CFR part 1003 of the final rule published in the Federal Register on July 15, 1994 (59 FR 36072). Specifically, the final rule set forth the Secretary's authority to impose sanctions and civil money penalties on health maintenance organizations, competitive medical plans and other prepaid health plans contracting under Medicare and Medicaid. This correction notice sets forth the corrected text for sections 1003.100, 1003.103 and 1003.106, some of which was inadvertently omitted or amended.

Competitive Medical Plans↗
PubMed1995

Civil money penalties for referrals to entities and for prohibited arrangements and schemes--HHS. Final rule with comment period.

This final rule implements the civil money penalty (CMP) provisions established through sections 1877(g)(3) and 1877(g)(4) of the Social Security Act. Specifically, in accordance with section 1877(g)(3), these regulations set forth CMPs, assessments and an exclusion against any person who presents, or causes to be presented, a bill or claim the person knows or should know is for a service unlawfully referred under section 1877(a)(1)(A) of the Act, or has not refunded amounts inappropriately collected for a prohibited referral. In addition, in accordance with section 1877(g)(4), these regulations set forth CMPs, assessments and an exclusion in cases where a physician or entity enters into an arrangement or scheme in which the physician or entity knows, or should have known, that the principal purpose is to assure referrals by the physician which, if made directly to a particular entity, would violate the prohibition on referrals described in section 1877(a) of the Act.

Fees and Charges↗
PubMed1995

Health care programs: fraud and abuse; revisions to the civil money penalty provisions relating to the misuse of certain names, symbols and emblems--HHS. Final rule.

In accordance with amendments to section 1140 of the Social Security Act, resulting from the Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994, this final rule makes a number of revisions to the civil money penalty authority regulations relating to the misuse of certain symbols, emblems and names. Among other revisions, this rule eliminates the annual cap on penalties, includes the words and letters of the Department and Medicaid under the prohibition, and redefines a violation with regard to mailings. In addition, this final rule serves to remove references to Social Security and the Social Security Administration (SSA) from the HHS/OIG penalty regulations. The penalty regulations addressing the misuse of certain words, letters, symbols and emblems for SSA and its programs are being set forth in a new part of the Code of Federal Regulations published elsewhere in this edition of the Federal Register.

Advertising↗
PubMed1994

The new health care civilization: integration of physician land and manageria.

Changes occurring in health care demand that physicians expand their professional knowledge and skills beyond the medical and behavioral sciences. Subjects absent from traditional medical education curricula, such as the economics and politics of health care, practice management, and leadership of professional organizations, will become important competencies, particularly for physicians who serve in management roles. Because physicians occupy a central role in planning and allocating medical care services and other health care resources, they must be better prepared to work with other health care professionals to create a new civilization, even if this means leaving the cloistered domain of "physician land" to serve as interface professionals between the delivery of medical services and the management of health care. Our research findings and conclusions strongly suggest that economic, management, and leadership competencies need to be incorporated into the professional development of physicians, especially in postgraduate and continuing education curricula.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

The government's use of the Civil False Claims Act to enforce standards of quality of care: ingenuity or the heavy hand of the 800-pound gorilla.

Fraud and abuse issues abound in health care. A new, rather unique assertion is that submitting a bill for health care that is inadequate constitutes a violation of the Civil False Claims Act. The authors contend that there are more effective and appropriate ways to address poor quality of care, and that using the False Claims Act in this matter is like fitting a square peg in a round hole.

Facility Regulation and Control↗
PubMed1998

Health care programs: fraud and abuse; revised OIG civil money penalties resulting from the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996--Office of Inspector General (OIG), HHS. Notice of proposed rulemaking.

This proposed rule would revise the OIG's civil money penalty (CMP) authorities, in conjunction with new and revised provisions set forth in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. Among other provisions, this proposed rulemaking would codify new CMPs for: Excluded individuals retaining ownership or control interest in an entity; upcoding and claims for medically unnecessary services; offering inducements to beneficiaries; and false certification of eligibility for home health services. This rule would also codify a number of technical and conforming changes consistent with the OIG's existing sanction authorities.

Eligibility Determination↗
PubMed1999

[Deficiency neuropathies in Madrid during the Civil War period].

During the Spanish Civil War Madrid was submitted to a prolonged siege. The civilians were only fed with the official diet and suffered severe malnutrition. A group of physicians, represented by Manuel Peraita, studied the epidemic of deficiency diseases in detail. The majority of the complications were neurological. Peraita isolated a relatively unknown paresthesic syndrome possibly related to pellagra. The present is a small homage to a forgotten generation of neurologists.

Brain Diseases↗