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Schizophrenia research: a biennium of progress. Proceedings from the Sixth International Congress on Schizophrenia Research. Colorado Springs, CO, April 12-16, 1997.

The Sixth International Congress on Schizophrenia Research (ICOSR) took place in Colorado Springs, Colorado, April 12-16, 1997, where over 1,000 scientists presented and listened to the latest developments in the search for the cause and treatment of schizophrenia. The ICOSR is sponsored by Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, and the William K. Warren Foundation. The National Institute of Mental Health and several pharmaceutical companies contributed generously to the meeting. The ICOSR is co-organized by Dr. Carol A. Tamminga, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland at Baltimore, and Dr. S. Charles Schulz, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. The William K. Warren Research Award is given to a senior investigator, who has made outstanding contributions to our understanding of schizophrenia. The fifth William K. Warren Research Award was presented to Dr. Philip S. Holzman in recognition of his contributions to the identification of eye-tracking abnormalities as a potential phenotypic marker of the illness and also in recognition of his work as a lifelong mentor for schizophrenia researchers. The ICOSR Young Investigator Awards are presented to junior investigators who have demonstrated the potential to make significant contributions to research on schizophrenia. These awards promote scientific development by enabling these young researchers to attend the meeting. There were 30 Young Investigator Award winners. The ICOSR meeting is organized into four sessions: (1) a morning plenary session; (2) a plenary lecture; (3) a poster session; and (4) concurrent afternoon oral sessions. The morning plenary sessions are comprised of a set of 30-minute lectures, which provide an overview of a particular topic area relevant to schizophrenia research. The plenary lecture is an invited lecture on a basic topic related to current research efforts in schizophrenia. The poster sessions provide a forum for the presentation of prepublication reports of basic and clinical science projects. The afternoon sessions are a collection of approximately 10 focused presentations on current research projects related to a specific topic area. The purpose of this report is to provide an account of the proceedings from the plenary and afternoon oral sessions.

Animals↗

Congress and the emergence of public health policy.

Significant changes are occurring in the health care system in the United States, but the direction of change is unclear. This article examines public health policy and argues that Congress may revive national health insurance plans to ensure equal access to care, while achieving more control over government expenditures.

Cost Control↗

The 104th Congress: the outlook for maternal and child health.

The November 8, 1994, Congressional election results represent an historic shift in the nation's political landscape and promise dramatic change in all aspects of domestic and international policy. This article attempts to assess the outlook for maternal and child health programs in the 104th Congress. It concludes that, given the emphasis on federal deficit reduction, maternal and child health programs will not be able to escape the budgetary pain. At the same time, welfare reform has eclipsed health care reform as the policy area that will be given a comprehensive look. Finally, state governments will be given an enhanced role in areas of domestic policy, including those related to maternal and child health.

Child↗

Addressing social, political, and health issues. The student congress strategy.

The authors describe a classroom instructional strategy used to resolve current social, political, and health issues. The strategy includes participation in group work and database searching in the preparation of proposed resolutions. The class serves as a Student Congress, voting for or against the resolutions presented. This instructional model could be used in any university classroom if the goal is to enhance critical-thinking skills and to heighten a sense of social and personal responsibility.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗

Seymour S. Kety MD: the man and his accomplishments. Summary of a symposium in his honor at the VIIIth World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics, Versailles, France, 30 August 2000.

Seymour S. Kety was a physician and neuroscientist of great distinction. His impact on both the dynamics and imaging of cerebral blood flow and metabolism, as well as the nature-nurture controversy about the etiology of schizophrenia, led to his receiving the Lasker Award in 1999. He died at the age of 84 in the year 2000, leaving medical research, and psychiatric genetics in particular, a bountiful legacy of rich science, thoughtful critiques and prophesies about hypotheses from the past and well into the future. Reviewed in this paper is a tribute to his work as presented during the VIIIth World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics in Versailles, France, August 2000.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗

Disinfection and endoscopy: summary and recommendations. Working party report to the World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Sydney 1990.

This working party was convened by the organizers of the World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Sydney 1990. Its remit was to produce a report on disinfection in endoscopy. Endoscopy plays an essential role in the management of gastrointestinal disorders; its benefits far outweigh the occasional complications which arise. Nevertheless, case reports and surveys performed over a 20-year period confirm that endoscopic procedures do occasionally cause cross-infection and the current epidemic with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has highlighted the potential for more serious disease transmission if suitable precautionary measures are not generally applied in endoscopy practice. Contaminated equipment may cause infection in three ways: transmission of pathogenic organisms from one patient to another, the commonest example being Salmonellosis; transmission of infection such as hepatitis B (HBV) from patient to staff by needle-stick injury; and introduction of opportunistic organisms which colonize endoscopic and ancillary equipment on storage. This may cause focal sepsis or septicaemia, particularly in the immunocompromised, or cholangitis and pancreatic sepsis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). These risks can be eliminated by the use of effective cleaning and disinfection techniques, by providing suitable staff training and by paying attention to endoscopy room procedures. Both HBV and HIV are inactivated by all currently accepted disinfecting or sterilizing procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Disinfection↗

International Center for Medical Technologies acknowledges Artificial Organ Pioneers at the ASAIO-ISAO Joint Congress in 2003.

The International Center for Medical Technologies (ICMT), a museum for artificial organs in Houston, Texas, officially opened in November 2002, as previously published in Artificial Organs 2003;27(9):821-32. The museum expanded its original activities to formulate the International Academy for Artificial Organ Pioneers (Academy) and the International Faculty for Health and Medical Technologies (Faculty). At the joint American Society for Artificial Internal Organs (ASAIO) and International Society for Artificial Organs (ISAO) Congress in Washington, DC on June 18, 2003, Yukihiko Nosé introduced the ICMT and its formulation. The activities and future perspectives were presented by the ICMT Museum Director, Steven Phillips; the Academy Dean, Lowell Harmison; and the Faculty Dean, Michael E. DeBakey.

Academies and Institutes↗

Immediate/early loading of dental implants: a report from the Sociedad Española de Implantes World Congress consensus meeting in Barcelona, Spain, 2002.

BACKGROUND: Immediate/early loading protocols are becoming frequently used in implant dentistry, but the prerequisites for achieving good results and the limitations of such protocols are not fully known. Moreover, the terminology used in immediate/early loading is still confusing. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to present the outcome of a consensus meeting on immediate/early loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consensus meeting was organized during the Sociedad Española de Implantes World Congress in Barcelona on May 23, 2002, with the objective to present and discuss the experiences from immediate/early loading protocols in dental implant treatment. The purpose was also to discuss definitions of the terminology used in immediate/early loading. The consensus meeting agenda included presentations from invited experts, followed by a consensus discussion. RESULTS: A consensus statement was agreed on. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple independent investigators have demonstrated that immediate/early loading of implants is possible in many clinical situations; however, additional documentation is required.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗

Meeting report: 4th European Congress of Biogerontology.

The 4th European Congress of Biogerontology took place in Newcastle upon Tyne in November 2004. Leading figures in the biology of aging presented their recent work, providing new insights into fundamental mechanisms of aging as it occurs in organisms ranging from yeast to the human species. Highlights of these presentations are presented here.

Aging↗

2001 spending. NIH gets $2.5 billion more as Congress wraps up budget.

Last week, the U.S. Congress approved a 14.2% increase for the National Institutes of Health (NIH), to a record $20.3 billion, keeping the agency on track to double its budget by 2003. The 15 December vote essentially upheld a funding deal that lawmakers had sealed on 29 October with a red wine toast, overcoming last-minute opposition from fiscal conservatives who sought to freeze budgets at existing levels.

Budgets↗

A national agenda for public health informatics: summarized recommendations from the 2001 AMIA Spring Congress.

The AMIA 2001 Spring Congress brought together members of the the public health and informatics communities to develop a national agenda for public health informatics. Discussions of funding and governance; architecture and infrastructure; standards and vocabulary; research, evaluation, and best practices; privacy, confidentiality, and security; and training and workforce resulted in 74 recommendations with two key themes-that all stakeholders need to be engaged in coordinated activities related to public health information architecture, standards, confidentiality, best practices, and research; and that informatics training is needed throughout the public health workforce. Implementation of this consensus agenda will help promote progress in the application of information technology to improve public health.

Computer Security↗

Excelência em bancos de leite humano: uma visão do futuro--the First International Congress on Human Milk Banking.

The first International Congress of Human Milk Banks--Excellence in Human Milk Banking: A Vision of the Future, held in Brazil in June 2000 and sponsored by the Brazilian Association of Milk Banks, had representation from milk banks in Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Venezuela, France, the United Kingdom, and North America as well as Brazil. A recurring theme in the discussion of donor milk banking was the role of each country's milk banks in the promotion and support of breastfeeding. The Brazilian National Reference Milk Bank and the growth of donor milk banking in Brazil over the past 15 years were described, including federal regulation that all milk bank directors be trained and certified. Milk banking systems in France, the United Kingdom, Venezuela and the Caribbean, and North America were also discussed. Similarities and differences in the donor screening process and the regulation of milk banks in the countries is presented.

Breast Feeding↗

Ageing and the immune system in vivo: commentary on the 16th session of British Society for Immunology Annual Congress, Harrogate, December 2004.

The problems associated with the ageing immune system coupled with possible solutions were discussed recently at the British Society for Immunology Annual Congress in Harrogate in December 2004. The session "Ageing and the Immune System in vivo" dealt in details with the immune risk phenotype and the potential methods of reversing the problems of an ageing immune system. This is a commentary on that session.

Editorial↗

Ninth Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR) Congress, Beijing, China, 21-26 May, 2000.

The Congress covered the broad field of rheumatology, with participants from China, the Asia Pacific League of Associations of Rheumatology (APLAR) region and the rest of the world. The programme consisted of a mix of plenary lectures, concurrent symposia, workshops, free paper sessions and poster presentations. Basic sciences were well represented, with the general theme of inflammatory cytokines being of particular interest. One plenary lecture and a number of other presentations addressed the problem of atherosclerosis and rheumatic diseases. Diseases prominent in the region, such as Behcet's disease and Takayasu's disease, were represented with large series. Other areas of interest were musculoskeletal infections in HIV-positive patients and the management of spondyloarthritis. Although the use of the most recently developed drugs is restricted in the APLAR region because of cost factors, there were symposia on the latest pharmacological advances such as COX-2 technology, leflunomide and anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy.

China↗

The 26th Congress of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tromso, Norway, 13-17 June 2001.

The 26th Congress of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine took place in the state-of-the art Tromso University Hospital. There were over 500 participants, and approximately 300 oral and poster presentations highlighted the latest progress in diverse areas. Much interest focused on activated protein C (APC) and other ways forward in sepsis treatment, pain management, novel markers of neurotrauma and antioxidants in bypass surgery. The meeting continues to be the leading anaesthesiology and intensive care conference in the region.

Anesthesiology↗

Eighth World Congress of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine, 28 October-1 November 2001, Sydney, Australia: Harm minimization and effective risk management.

The 8th World Congress saw the presentation of several late-breaking findings, such as the role of insulin in reducing mortality, and technologies such as vital microscopy. There were heated debates for and against the role of gastric tonometry, enteral nutrition, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, the question of 'closed' or 'open' intensive care units, and several others. The overall message was the need to study outcomes and practise intensive care in a sensitive and humane fashion.

Adult↗

Report on the 2nd World Congress on Fetal Origins of Adult Disease, Brighton, U.K., June 7-10, 2003.

In 1989, reports suggested that the fetal environment, as reflected in birth size, was related to the risk of noncommunicable diseases in adult life. This association was first described for coronary heart disease but rapidly extended to include type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and metabolic and endocrine homeostasis. This led to the development of the fetal origins of adult disease paradigm, which resulted in a refocusing of research effort over the next 10 y to consider the lifelong consequences of perinatal influences on chronic diseases. Previously, perinatal influences had largely been seen in terms of teratogenic effects or acute birth injury rather than whether trajectories and responses made during early development had lifelong consequences. Indeed, in developmental biology, it is widely recognized that adaptive plastic responses during early development often have consequences for function in later adulthood. Although the relative importance of this newly recognized set of phenomena to the burden of human disease has been controversial, the research precipitated by those early observations has confirmed their robustness and started to provide a mechanistic basis to this biology. Two world congresses have been held to review progress in this research. Both have been characterized by a unique multidisciplinary attendance ranging from molecular, experimental, and developmental biologists to epidemiologists and health economists.

Adult↗