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PubMedDate not supplied

[Chloroquine as a poison in murder. Report of fatalities after criminal or suicidal chloroquine administration].

Presented is a case of murder by means of chloroquine, committed on a 36-year-old male. The wife of the deceased had confessed to have secretely administered chloroquine-containing tablets to her husband. She was lawfully sentenced to life-imprisonment. The toxicological findings of this case are compared to the results of two chloroquine suicide cases and discussed in the context of the referring literature. An additional case where chloroquine intoxication was doubtful is introduced because of the unusual circumstances under which it occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Secretory mechanisms of salivary glands.

The physiology of salivary secretion has a long history going back at least to the late 18th century when Von Haller in 1760 published over 120 pages on the topic in his Elementa Physiologiae Corporis Humani. In his essay, however, he began with a confession of his complete ignorance as to the mechanism of secretion: 'Multa in physiologicis obscura sunt, obscurius hac ipsa functione nihil'. Two hundred years later, in the early 1960s, the matter had scarcely improved, but now, 25 years further on, advances in technology have made possible the experiments that throw real light on our understanding of secretion mechanisms. This review article summarizes our present-day knowledge on secretion by the major salivary glands.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Telling the patient the diagnosis of cancer].

Four cases are presented for discussion. In the first case, the patient believed the doctor for a while when his suspicion of cancer was forcibly denied. But when radiotherapy followed the operation, he became convinced that he had been deceived and confronted the doctor aggressively to force him into a confession. In the second case, the patient, a resident of the U.S. for many years, was told on completion of tests the true diagnosis even before his American wife learned of it. He became very depressed, while his wife kept urging him to fight the cancer. In the third case, the doctor thought better of the earlier decision by another doctor not to tell the truth. The doctor called the patient's relatives to discuss the advisability of telling the truth and when he secured their confidence, he visited the patient with them and told him the true diagnosis. The patient recovered from the initial shock and lived peacefully for several months enjoying the new union he felt with his wife. In the fourth case, it is as if there were a kind of silent conspiracy between the doctor and the patient's relatives who kept her in the dark about her condition. When her illness went downhill, she became completely withdrawn, though she accepted religious ministering to the end. It is cruel to deceive the patient with false hopes. But to tell the patient the truth needs tact. The doctor in the third case gives a very good model of it. First, he assesses the patient's personality. Second, he convinces the patient's relatives of the advisability of truth-telling. Third, he assures the patient that he is in charge no matter what happens to him. Perhaps it was easier to tell the patient the diagnosis of cancer or its poor prognosis in bygone days than nowadays, when the wonders of modern medicine are too much publicized.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[A homicidal strangulation by ligature, disguised as a suicidal hanging].

A naked 38-year-old woman was found dead, lying beside a bed in a guest room of a hotel. A cotton cord was looped around her neck, with one end tied to a bedpost. Thus it seemed that she had hanged herself in a lying position. Yet, certain suspicious factors gave rise to doubts. The hair and a necklace were intertwined with the cord and a man that had been staying in the same room had fled. On the postmortem examination, marked congestion and many petechial haemorrhages were seen in the face and the upper area of the neck, also in conjunctiva. A light-brown and highly dry ligature mark, about one centimeter in width, was found on the neck. The mark, crossing the front of the neck, was clearly evident from the back to the right side of the neck. The lower borders of the congestion and petechial haemorrhages in the face and neck were located 1 or 2 centimeters above the ligature mark. On the left side of the neck, another pale ligature mark with slight subcutaneous haemorrhages was seen between the dry mark and the lower border of the congested part of the neck. A similar ligature mark also was found on the back of the neck. On internal examination, congestion of the cervical lymph nodes and haemorrhages in the cervical muscles were recognized in the areas of the cutaneous congestion. These findings supported suspicions that the dry ligature mark had been caused by hanging after her death, and that the light ligature mark with slight subcutaneous haemorrhages on the left side and back of the neck had been caused by strangulation, which had brought on the victim's death. Therefore, it was decided that her death had been disguised as a suicidal hanging, after she had been strangled by ligature. A week later, her former husband was arrested and confessed his crime.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Critics of perfection].

"In praise of imperfection" means to Rita Levi-Montalcini, Nobel prize for Medicine (1986), praise of man, as an unique being mixed of good and evil, whose greatness and dynamism is in its imperfection. Levi-Montalcini confesses her tendency to exclude herself, avoiding social contacts (a tendency she also improperly attributes to J. Watson). However, how can this be reconciled with a view such as that of Kundera: "Existence is not what has happened... Once again, existing means 'being in the world"'?

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Unusual injuries caused by blows with a sash saw].

A 62-year old man was found killed by multiple blows against the face and head; near the victim a hammer with broken grip, a bended saw (weight 142 g), and in the possession of the doer two hatchets. Some straigt, parallel, horizontal wounds in the face with smooth lips and straigt incisions of the maxilla first were interpreted as violations by hatchet. The culprit confessed attacks by hammer and saw, but not by hatchet. Experimental blows with a saw like the used on the leg of a corpse showed an unexpected result: it was possible to produce wounds of the soft-tissues and the bone similar to those by hatchets.

Face↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphology findings in intentional hand amputation].

Presented is the case of a 33 years old farmer, who alleged to have lost his left hand accidentally when grasping into a chuff-cutter. Immediate investigation of the amputate proved, that the hand must have been severed initially by a single cut and was only secondarily bruised by multiple blunt contusions. The farmer confessed to have mutilated himself with some kind of a guillotine which he had constructed for that particular purpose. The amputate was then thrown into the chuff-cutter to make his allegation appear credible and to prevent replantation. The motivation of this self-mutilation was the expectation of considerable insurance payments.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Christian religiosity and psychothematics].

Correlations of (christian) religiosity and religious thematization in functional psychoses with paranoid syndromes (60 pat.) were studied by an extensive questionnaire. In regard of the frequency of religious themes in the paranoid syndromes there was no difference between catholic and protestant confession. Probands with religious experiences in their psychoses had other religious socialization (a home with special interest in religious subjects). They are themselves more active in regard to religious practices, more interested in religious problems, refer more often to fear of devil and hell, feel themselves more frequently close bound to the church. The premorbid religious activity increased in the period of 6 months before hospitalisation. They judge their fathers retrospectively more often as permissive. Concerning psychopathology probands with religious thematization in their psychosis had higher values of "grandiosity" in the IMPS (LORR), had more often experiences of immediate inspiration, evidence and clearness. They were hospitalized for a longer period than probands without religious thematization.

Christianity↗
PubMed1982

The "new" chemical mediators of inflammation.

Significant progress has been made in the elucidation of the chemistry and biology of the products of arachidonic acid metabolism and the acetylated alkyl phosphoglycerides. While many of their biological properties make them tempting candidates as mediators of inflammation, their precise role in the acute and/or chronic inflammatory process remains to be proven. Thus, at present, it might be best to view these potent lipids not as inflammatory mediators but as autacoids. In the words of Douglas (16): "The very fact that the substances have been classified under the noncommital title of autacoids, is, in a sense, a confession that the evidence does not at present permit a more precise functional classification such as, for example, hormone or neurohormone.... But the core of the matter is that, while the autacoids possess an astonishingly wide range of pharmacologic activities and in vanishing small amounts, there are comparatively few instances where a physiologic role can be stated with assurance." Hopefully, the coming years should prove to be exciting and fruitful for students of inflammation and immunopathology; if so, we may be able to unequivocally elucidate the precise role(s) of these fascinating lipid autacoids in modulating the inflammatory process. At that time, the term autacoid may no longer be appropriate, and a new, functional classification, perhaps mediator, can be instituted with assurance.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The influence of Cervantes on the future creator of psychoanalysis.

Our work is intended to recreate the origins of the 'future creator of psychoanalysis'. Cervantes had a decisive influence on Freud. Don Quixote occupied a central place during a period which we consider to be crucial in the creation of psychoanalysis; we refer to the summer of 1883 during which Freud confessed to Martha that he had become more interested in this book than in brain anatomy. In this work, Cervantes delves in-depth into problems which he had set out in The Colloquy of the Dogs, read by Freud in his adolescence when he was learning Spanish and which confronted some of the great psychoanalytic themes such as reality-fantasy, language, instinct and reason, traumatic situations, 'family romance', etc. These themes appear in a psychoanalytically structured dialogue in which one of the dogs, Berganza, tells his life story (in the form of catharsis) to the other dog, Cipión, with whom Freud identified himself. Basically, it is the psychotherapeutic model that Freud used with his own hysterical patients. Another dialogue which was essential for Freud was that of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, due to the following major reasons (as well as others): For the clear discrimination between reality and fantasy as well as their interplay. Because madness is presented as a complex phenomenon, but intelligible in terms of human motives. For the penetrating description of the transition in Don Quixote from mania to depression. Because at that moment of his life, Freud himself was living through a personal conflict between his dreams of carrying out some scientific feat and the demands of attending to his mundane necessities.

Austria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytologic findings as indications: morphologic and immunohistochemical identification of human brain tissue on the clothing of a murderer].

A case was described in which a murder was concealed by burning the body. The suspect confessed to committing the crime after being informed that human brain tissue in form of slimy stains as well the same blood group as the victim had been identified on his clothing. Slimy stains (approx. 2 x 3 mm) were identified as brain tissue by sectioning on the cryostat together with the bits of wool fiber. Morphologically, nerve cells were clearly identifiable, particular by demonstrating Nissl's bodies. Application of anti-human serum protein and an anti-human cerebrum serum confirmed this finding and augmented it by confirming that the brain tissue was of human origin. The unusual character of this case and the methods used prompted the authors to publish these findings. The available literature is discussed.

Blood Stains↗
PubMed1984

Contingency contracting treatment of drug-abusing physicians, nurses, and dentists.

Seventeen drug-abusing physicians, dentists, and nurses entered contingency-contracting treatment. They deposited with their therapist letters to their respective licensing boards, confessing renewed drug abuse and surrendering their licenses. Each contract directed the therapist to collect frequent urine samples and to mail the letter if a scheduled sample was not provided, or contained drugs. The followup occurred a mean of 20 months after signing the contracts, which were of varied duration. Drug use dramatically declined for most patients after a contract was signed. Most patients' personal and professional lives also improved over the followup time. Twelve patients had suspended licenses or professional privileges before signing the contracts. All then worked; two subsequently lost their licenses through the contract mechanism, and three lost their licenses for other reasons. About half of the patients completed a full year with no apparent relapse. Relapses were more common when contracts were not in effect than when they were.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Patient noncompliance in dermatomycosis. Results of a survey among dermatologists and general practitioners and patients.

Noncompliance among dermatomycosis patients exists in many forms and is widespread. Patients are noncompliant in two major areas: they reduce the number of necessary daily applications of the antifungal drug and they prematurely stop the therapy. A survey among 35 dermatologists and general practitioners as well as 230 dermatomycosis patients in Germany in 1982 showed that noncompliance is widespread: a total of 48% of patients neglected the proper daily dosage schedule, 44% reduced the number of daily applications, whereas 4% increased them. 25% of patients stopped treatment after the symptoms had disappeared. However, there is no such thing like the noncompliant patients personality. Depending on the kind of noncompliance, different personality structures appear. And based on the patient's overall attitude towards noncompliance - one third confesses to be noncompliant - the psychological picture becomes even more complex and multifaceted. Improving patient compliance seems to be most promising by better, i.e. more thorough, doctor-patient communication and antifungal drugs that minimize the risks of noncompliant behavior by requiring less daily applications and a shorter time of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Women, career changes, and the new self. An analysis of rhetoric.

Women's movement from the norms of domesticity toward equality with men has proceeded, more than other political movements, along a path marked by personal accounts--that is, by statements in the traditional genre of confession. These autobiographical texts have often been displayed with the aim of recruiting followers and setting standards for liberation. Their potential repercussions are therefore considerable. Because these texts are meant to persuade, they acquire an ambiguity. They blur the line between life story and call to arms. In this paper we are particularly concerned with women's accounts of their career changes. We shall show that women who were asked about such changes had more than a single story to tell. A recurrent pattern of inconsistency can be discerned when one compares their initial polished accounts with their subsequent more careful recollections and descriptions. The indubitable benefits of career change are rhetorically distorted. From these distortions unfortunate consequences are apt to arise--first for the subjects themselves, then for the audience to whom the accounts are addressed, and finally for the very language which serves us to criticize social conditions and to guide human development. The rhetorical distortions are not gratuitous, however, and we offer an explanation of both their power and their necessity.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

The voice of conscience and the sounds of the analytic hour.

Two patients reacted to sudden, unexpected, adventitious sounds during an analytic session as though they had been warmed that they would be punished for their misdeeds. One promptly confessed to wrongdoings which she had been denying or keeping secret. It was as though a "voice of conscience" had spoken to them to remind them of their obligations, demand compliance with the rules, and threaten them with dire punishments should they fail to obey. The sounds seemed to be experienced as a re-externalized admonishing parental voice that had been incompletely internalized in the course of superego development. Conflicts involving guilt over objectionable fantasies and acts, in part connected with primal scene experiences, appeared to be involved.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Unusual disposal of cadavers. Report on 2 cases].

Report on two cases of removal of corpses. Case 1: A human skeleton and lumps of adipocere were found in a liquid manure pit as the remains of a 49 years old male. The identity of the person could be proved by the results of the odontological examination. In two ribs we found small holes; they could be qualified as gun-shot injuries due to the results of morphological, chemical and radiological investigations. This made it possible to determine the line of the gun-shot within the body and the cause of death. The bullet (with the calibre .22) was detected in a lump of adipocere. It allowed the identification of the weapon, and this lead to the confession of a 74 year old man as the murderer. The crime had been committed 1 1/2 years ahead the discovery of the corpse. Case 2: A prostitute has been missed for about 2 years. Her nude corpse was found in a deep-freezer, which was still working. The corpse was well preserved beside few alterations of beginning putrefaction; this process was stopped by deep-freezing. The woman was killed by gun-shot into the neck. The bullet was still in the corpse, which allowed to prove the identity of the weapon as well as the murderer. He had committed suicide 9 months earlier than the cadaver has been discovered.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Curing power, or the restoring myth (author's transl)].

Nowadays, occidental or traditional healers are gaining more attention. The author aimed at demonstrate that the healer can be classified between the physician and the soothsayer. Six manners of healing are described through examples: -- operating allurement (Quesalid); -- trip in the unconscious to subdue its forces (the Chaman); -- domination of Powers under hallucinogen substance(s) (Peytol); -- symbolic efficacity of words (Mûu); -- cathartic confession and trance through reintegration into a mythic structure. In every historical technique, a personage is found whose "doing" and "saying" express an exceptional experience, constituting a magical and therapeutic area, facilitating the inscription in a mythical structure, which provides a sense. Several kinds of healers are shortly described, as well as their personality and their patients. The border lines of their power are contiguous to the Sacred and the Religious (which mythical fragments are many "power-allurements") as well as articulated with credulity and belief, and finally built on the pattern of magical thoughts and acts. Healer and/or quack? Healer and/or physician? What are the analogies or differences according to the pattern of the relation "physician-patient"? It is not a "restoring-myth", universal, whose actuality is spotted every time for each act of healing (by a healer)? -- even if this myth is not clearly definite or legible. The power of the healer articulates itself on the pregnancy of this myth which guides the sufferer towards this personage whose power is nothing else but the power the sufferer hopes the healer possesses. It is this hope which the "restoring-myth" contains.

Africa↗
PubMed1981

Reactions to the criminal behavior of mentally retarded and nonretarded offenders.

College students' attitudes toward mentally retarded criminal offenders and their estimates of the types of crimes most often committed by retarded persons were assessed through a survey. Based on the survey results, an experiment was conducted in which students' reactions to one of two different types of crimes committed by either a retarded or nonretarded person were examined. Results indicated that the retarded offender received a lighter sentence regardless of the type of crime, apparently because the students thought that he had been coerced into committing the crime and also into confessing to it. Implications of these results for cases involving retarded defendants were discussed.

Adult↗