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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Comparison and correlative analysis on characters of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. Varieties].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the economical characters, yield characters and content of catalpol on Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. varieties. METHODS: To study characters by field randomized block test and analysis of variance. To analyse the content of catalpol by HPLC. RESULTS: The results by analysis of variance were that the F value in plant width was 15.4 (F0.01 = 5.54), the F value in length of leaves was 12.2, the F value in width of leaves was 13.35, the F value in yield of single plant was 55.7 and the F value in content of catalpol was 8.03. The results by correlative analysis were that the linear correlation coefficient of signal plant yield with length of leaves was 0.9639, with width of leaves was 0.9073, with amount of earthnuts was 0.7060 and with plant fresh weight was 0.9950. The linear correlation coefficient of content of catalpol with plant width was 0.9169, with length of leaves was 0.7046 and with width of leaves was 0.7159. CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in plant width, length of leaves width of leaves, and yield of single plant and content of catalpol of Rehmannia glutinosa Libnosch. varieties. There were significantly positive correlations in signal plant yield with plant fresh weight, length of leaves, width of leaves and amount of earthnuts. There were significantly positive correlations in content of catalpol with plant width, length of leaves and width of leaves.

Glucosides↗
PubMed2001

[Expression of hepatitis E virus ORF3 gene fragment in baculovirus system and its immunological character].

OBJECTIVE: To express hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF3 protein by baculovirus system and provide basis for immunological character research. METHODS: Hepatitis E Virus ORF3 gene fragment was obtained by RT-PCR, ligated with vector pThioHisA for sequencing and then inserted into transfected vector pVL1393 to construct recombinant plasmid. Mediated by Lipofectin Reagent, the recombinant vector and baculovirus linearized DNA (BaculoGold) co-transfected insect cell Sf9 to make recombinant baculovirus. Expressed ORF3 was analyzed for its immunological character by Western blotting, and immunized Kunming Mice. RESULTS: Recombinant ORF3 protein could be recognized by the known positive serum and promoted organism to produce HEV-specific antibody. CONCLUSIONS: Recombinant baculovirus can express effectively HEV ORF3, which has HEV specific immunogenic character.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of different environments on qualitative characters of three gluten wheat cultivars].

Six cultivars including strong, middle and weak gluten wheat varieties were cultivated at five latitudes(from 32 degrees N to 36 degrees N) in Henan Province, and the variations of their qualitative characters were analyzed in relation to the different environments. The result indicated that latitudes had great effects on the protein content, wet gluten content, softening degree, evaluation value, and extensibility of the cultivars. The rheological parameters measured by farinogram and the extensogram were significantly different among different among different cultivars, and the coefficients of variation were quite large. The variations in qualitative characters among cultivars and among latitudes were different. With the rising latitude, the protein content, wet gluten content, development time, evaluation value, extensibility, resistance, and maximum resistance showed an increase tendency, with a few exceptions for certain latitude. For most qualitative characters, there was a clear boundary between Xinyan(32 degrees N) and Zhumadian(33 degrees N). According to these results, suggestions in the latitude layout of the hi-quality wheat cultivars and in improving their cultuvation practices were made.

Crops, Agricultural↗
PubMed2004

Correlations and heritability of the characters determining the seed yield of the long-raceme alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).

Phenotypic correlation coefficients and heritability of the characters controlling seed yield of long-raceme forms of alfalfa was determined. It was found that seed yield per plant, which was positively correlated with 10 out of 12 analysed characters, depended upon the number of pods per raceme and the number of seeds per pod. Variability of these characters determined about 60% of the variability of seed yield. Multiple linear regression and phenotypic correlations show that simultaneous selection for increased pod number per raceme and increased seed number per pod and raceme length resulted in enhanced seed yield potential. The share of the additive genetic effects in the phenotypic variance for number of pods per raceme was low and about 21-23%, while for number of seeds per pod and per raceme amounted to about 50%. The expected genetic progress in recombination breeding for number of seeds per pod and number of seeds per raceme will be of medium magnitude, while one cannot expect any rapid and considerable progress in the number of pods per raceme. Considering the high positive correlation between raceme length and number of pods and seeds per raceme, one should conclude that raceme length can be an important criterion in selection of plants showing a high seed productivity.

Hybridization, Genetic↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of genetic models and gene effects on main agronomy characters in rapeseed].

According to four different genetic models, the genetic patterns of 8 agronomy traits were analysed by using the data of 24 generations which included positive and negative cross of 81008 x Tower, both of the varieties are of good quality. The results showed that none of 8 characters could fit in with additive-dominance models. Epistasis was found in all of these characters, and it has significant effect on generation means. Seed weight/plant and some other main yield characters are controlled by duplicate interaction genes. The interaction between triple genes or multiple genes needs to be utilized in yield heterosis.

Brassica↗
PubMed2004

Temperament and character in cross-cultural comparisons between Swedish and Iranian people and Iranian refugees in Sweden--personality in transition?

The aim of the study was a cross-cultural comparison of personality traits between individuals from two very different cultures and refugees who resettled several years before from one to the other. Four hundred forty four Swedish individuals of the normal population; and 100 Iranian refugees in Sweden, and a group of 335 individuals from Tehran, capital of Iran, were investigated by means of the Temperament and Character Inventory, a questionnaire to assess temperament and character Iranians are those that are most frequently correctly classified followed by the Swedish based on temperament scores by means of a Discriminance analyses. Iranian refugees in Sweden were classified to about 50 per cent as Swedish and to slightly more then one-third as Iranians. Especially concerning character, 4 per cent only could be correctly classified as refugees. The results give some perspective on the adaptation process and personality changes in refugees several years after resettlement in another country with a complete different culture.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

[Screening genes related to 'black' character in wu-ding chicken by delta differential display].

The 'black' character is a cardinal character of black chicken that is very important to the medical value and economical value of black chicken. The study compared gene expression between black chicken and non-black chicken by delta differential display method, and obtained twenty-nine expressed sequence tags(ESTs) by extraction, amplification, purification, northern blotting, cloning and sequencing of gel-embedded DNA. Of twenty-nine ESTs, eight ESTs have high similarity rate with known gene in chicken-beta-trepomyosin gene, cardiac myosin alkali light chain gene, insertionally activated c-Ha-ras oncogene, fra-2 oncogene, 16S rRNA gene and mitochondrion genome sequence, respectively, with similarity rate 97%,100%, 98%, 98%, 98%, 99%, 99% and 97%. Five ESTs have high similarity rate with human TTN gene, human phosphoglucomutase 5 gene, human or mouse signal recongnition particle 54 kD gene, human or mouse ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor gene, respectively, with similarity rate 82%, 82%, 87%, 99% and 99%. Their homologous genes in chicken are still not cloned. Thirteen ESTs are novel gene fragments. Of thirteen ESTs, nine ESTs have high similarity with ESTs in database. Four ESTs have not high similarity with any EST in database. The results of gene expression analysis show that one known gene (insertionally activated c-Ha-ras oncogene) fragment and one novel gene fragment are expressed in all non-black chicken and are not expressed in all black chicken, and that one known gene (signal recongnition particle 54 kD gene) fragment is expressed in all black chicken and is not expressed in all non-black chicken. According to these results, we conclude that the expression of insertionally activated c-Ha-ras oncogene, signal recongnition particle 54 kD gene and one novel gene are related to the 'black' character in chicken.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Dynamic distribution characters of herbaceous vegetation root systems in abandoned grasslands of Loess Plateau].

The investigation on the vertical distribution characters of herbaceous vegetation root systems in abandoned and natural grasslands of Loess Plateau by the method of soil auger showed that there were no significant differences in root system distribution patterns between different sampling points, and the related root indexes could be used to indicate the vertical distribution characters of vegetation roots. The main root indexes including root biomass and root length were decreased with increasing soil depth, but increased with increasing abandoned years. After abandoned for more than 20 years, the root distribution characters of abandoned grassland were approached to that of natural grassland. The root extinction coefficient decreased with increasing abandoned years, indicating that more and more roots were concentrated in surface soil layer with the increase of abandoned time, which was helpful to the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties, and beneficial to the new species intrusion and vegetation succession.

Biomass↗
PubMed2005

[Grain protein content in wheat: genetics of the character and some predictions for its improvement in common wheat].

The results of studies on genetic control of the grain protein content character in common wheat and the attempts of its improvement using traditional breeding approaches and methods of experimental mutagenesis and introgressive hybridization are presented. The evolution of the views on the genetic structure of the character is considered. Possible explanations are given to the fact that the attempts to significantly improve the character in question in common wheat cultivars have failed in spite of long-term genetic and selection studies. Possible lines of further investigation of genetic control of grain protein content and its increase in common wheat are discussed.

Crops, Agricultural↗
PubMed2005

[Factorial structure, validity, and reliability of the Turkish temperament and character inventory].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the factorial structure, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), a 240-item, self-report, paper-and-pencil test, and true-false format inventory based on Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality. It measures the four higher-order temperament dimensions and three character dimensions. METHOD: Using samples consisting of 470 healthy volunteers and 544 psychiatric patients, psychometric features were explored. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the scales was good (Cronbach alpha coefficients between 0.68 and 0.84), but weak for Reward dependence (0.55) and Persistence (0.56). The factor structures of the temperament and character dimensions, explored separately, were in agreement with the hypothesized constructs, except for the scales NS1 (Novelty Seeking 1 = exploratory excitability) and SD4 (Self-directedness 4 -- self-acceptance). The present study also confirmed that the TCI scales were weakly related among themselves. On the whole, psychiatric patients had higher harm avoidance and lower self-directedness, persistence, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence scores than the normal subjects. Gender differences were also found for different dimensions. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that the TCI can be applied in the investigation of psychiatric and normal populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical characters of aged nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The influence of age on treatment outcome and survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients has seldom been reported. This study was to explore the clinical characters of aged NPC patients. METHODS: A total of 754 patients with histopathologically proven NPC from Jan. 1, 2000 to May 1, 2002 were divided to adult group (<60 years old, 647 patients) and aged group (> or =60 years old, 107 patients). The difference of disease characters, treatment patterns, and other complications between these two groups were analyzed. The influence of age on survival was analyzed with COX regression model. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two groups in disease characters, radiation dose, and interval time. However, the proportion of the patients received chemotherapy was significantly larger in adult group than in aged group (254/647 vs. 29/107, P=0.016), while the occurrence of complications was more frequent in aged group than in adult group (40/107 vs. 19/647, P<0.001). The 3-year tumor-specific survival rate was significantly lower in aged group than in adult group (72.90% vs. 82.95%, P=0.010). COX multivariable analysis showed that age and '92 Fuzhou N stage were independent prognostic factors, and the odds ratio (OR) of age was 1.604 (95% CI: 0.929-2.768) (P=0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Aged NPC patients have worse 3-year survival than adult patients, which may be related to the high risk of chemotherapy and less possibility to tolerate enough doses and cycles. But age itself is still a poor prognostic factor when excluding the influence of chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Statistical approaches to handle proportions as characters.

The handling of morphometric proportions as characters in phylogenetics is methodically hardly elaborated. Common approaches are either to search for statistically significant differences in "index"-values, usually quotients of measures, or to compare regression lines for logarithmic values. The former have their weakness in an insufficient consideration of allometric proportions, the latter in a lack of appropriate methods for testing statistical significance of differences. This contribution presents a methodical approach which considers both allometry and statistical significance. Moreover, not only significance, but also the size of mean differences, as compared to standard deviations, is calculated. If differences are too small, they do not allow to draw a clear distinction between compared groups, and therefore have a low quality as characters. At the beginning of the procedure a test for gradient differences between allometry lines is applied, and if no such are found, a second test for parallel shift between the two lines. If a difference is found, the extent of which exceeds a prearranged limit, it is accepted as a character difference suitable for phylogenetic reconstruction. This method was practically applied by Wiesemüller & Rothe (1999) in a phylogenetic investigation of New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of MGE Dm412 localization pattern in Drosophila melanogaster lines undergoing long-term selection for a quantitative character].

The subpopulation composed of the mixture of Drosophila isogenic lines with interrupted wing radial vein (mutation radius incompletus, ri) was subjected to long-term selection in different directions for increase or decrease in expression of the ri gene. As a result, the lines with contrasting different values of mean character phenotype were developed. The isogenic lines of mean character phenotype were developed. The isogenic lines and F2 from their crosses with selected lines were analysed by the pattern of copia-like MGE DM412 localization. The isogenic lines were shown to have individual pattern, the selected lines differing strongly from them. Selection led to the loss of Dm412 localization sites during negative selection, while positive selection results both in loss and acquisition of sites. Correlation between the phenotype of the quantitative character and the pattern of MGE Dm412 was revealed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Studies on the lactose character in Salmonella S:41:z10.

A number of plasmids carrying the Lac+ character have been reported. Lac+ character of salmonella S:41:z10:- studied for transfer of Lac+ character to standard Escherichia coli K12 Lac-F- Nalr and Escherichia coli K12 F- Lac- Rifr, failed to transfer in in vitro experiments. Similarly, identification and characterisation of plasmid DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis technique did not show specific plasmid DNA as compared to standard molecular weight plasmids. Plasmid DNA appeared to have been embedded with chromosomal DNA molecule.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The action of stabilizing selection on the perfection of new characters in evolution.

In birds, fusion of the carpal elements to a carpometacarpus during morphogenesis takes place during the evolutionary process at different rates, i.e. heterochronically, in different groups (developmental radiations), like the elements of the nasal apparatus in Sauropsida. This is because new characters spread and are pushed back at different rates from the terminal to the initial levels of morphogenesis. The shift is most likely automatic, in that it does not require further mutation, but it is set in motion by selection. Selection does not take effect only when an adequate character (which at first is very imperfect) is accepted; it also causes the character to grow, pushes it back towards the threshold of morphogenesis and thereby increases its perfection and its fitness. The path along which the shift takes place is determined by the morphogenetic route of recapitulation of the ancestral structure and since this movement is caused by protracted stabilizing selection, we can describe it as orthoselective movement. This means that recapitulation is flexible. At the same time, cellular and epigenetic interactions with surrounding structures are reciprocally influenced. The shift continues until adequate adaptation and perfection have been achieved. Stabilizing selection then ceases to act. The shift shows the evolutionary trend or further developmental possibilities. Its chief role is probably in the development of specializations.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A novel method for determining an integrated character in quantitative genetics].

This paper describes a novel method using maximum entropy principle introduced by Shannon to construct a unique integrated character and gives a comparison between this method and multivariate statistics in quantitative genetics. In multivariate genetic analysis multivariate statistics is usually used for a polygenic system of multiple quantitative traits to form several complex character. Genetic analysis can be implemented through treating these correlated elementary traits by using the technique of principal component analysis or canonical correlation. Differing from the multivariate statistics, this paper presents a new method using maximum-entropy principle to obtain a unique integrated character from a set of correlated quantitative traits. This method has the advantages of simple mathematical structure and process, simple and clear results.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Population variability of some quantitative characters in Argas polonicus larvae (Acarina: Argasidae).

The nature of variability of quantitative morphometrical characters was studied in larvae of two local populations of Argas (Argas) polonicus Siuda, Hoogstraal, Clifford et Wassef, 1979 collected in Czechoslovakia and Poland. Statistically significant differences in five quantitative characters studied, in which the larvae of both wild populations differed from one another, disappeared during three generations of laboratory rearing. The variability of these characters was lower in laboratory populations than in field collected ticks. The results of hybridization experiments and analysis of variability of larvae of individual populations and parental pairs suggest that rather adaptive than genetic variation is involved. The genetic component of the variation is inferior and is expressed probably by dominant relations between alleles of the same locus, or by different types of non-allelic interactions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

Evolutionary dynamics of functionally constrained phenotypic characters.

A nonlinear analysis is performed, employing the theory of Lyapunov functions, to examine the relative importance of genetic and phenotypic covariance matrices for the evolution of functionally coupled quantitative traits in an adaptive topography with several directions of increasing fitness. The analysis is based on Lande's evolution equations for phenotypic characters. It is supposed that evolution of a set of functionally constrained characters far from equilibrium corresponds to evolution along a ridge in the fitness landscape. It is shown that the pattern of variation and covariation restricts the possible directions of evolutionary change in the following sense. Any population starting sufficiently near the ridge will evolve along it, provided that one eigenvector of the genetic covariance matrix and one eigenvector of the phenotypic covariance matrix point into the direction of the ridge. Otherwise, the set of initial positions of a population enabling evolution along the ridge is more or less restricted, depending on the degree of deviation of the eigenvectors from the direction of the ridge. Moreover, too much phenotypic variance of the characters under stabilizing selection may inhibit any evolution along the ridge. Thus, the present analysis establishes population-genetic prerequisites and constraints for the evolution of functionally constrained phenotypic traits.

Biological Evolution↗