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PubMed1985

Adolescent misadventures with urethritis and cervicitis.

Inflammation of the cervix and urethra in adolescents is primarily due to infection by sexually transmitted disease (STD) organisms. These organisms are most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Urea-plasma urealyticum, and herpes simplex virus. The frequency and seriousness of these infections is, in part, due to developmental, behavioral, and biological changes which put adolescents at special risk for acquisition of these syndromes. Medical knowledge is now sufficient to effectively recognize and treat these STD syndromes. What is further needed is the personal and institutional determination, adaptability, and resources to apply present knowledge among adolescents. It is among these teenagers that the personal and societal costs of STDs are the greatest.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Conization of the cervix uteri. Complications in connection with plain catgut or silk suturing.

During a retrospective study on postoperative complications in 213 patients who had undergone conization, a (non-significant) reduction in the bleeding rate from 27.9% to 18.6% was found when using silk sutures (102 patients) instead of plain catgut (111 patients) for adaption of the edges of the wound (0.1 less than p less than 0.2). The reduction was most pronounced and significant in cases where bleeding had occurred during the first 4 days after surgery, the usual period for hospital stay under normal conditions. After discharge the bleeding rates were more comparable, 12.6% in the catgut group and 16.6% in the silk group. On the other hand, more cases of stenosis of the cervical canal were observed, i.e., 25.5% in the silk group and 8.1% in the catgut group (p less than 0.001). The period of hospitalization was reduced on an average by 2 days when using silk (p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The respective roles of cytology and colposcopy in obstetric and gynecologic practice.

The use of cytology in evaluating the state of the uterine cervix is well recognized and accepted in the United States. The role of colposcopy has not been completely defined although its acceptance is slowly gaining ground in many clinics. It is the purpose of this article to compare the two methods and to discuss the relationship of these methods to each other. Most attention will be directed to cytology and colposcopy of the cervix. However, the applications of both methods to evaluation of the vulva and vagina will also be considered.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1982

The Prentif contraceptive cervical cap: a contemporary study of its clinical safety and effectiveness.

Because they seemed to be an overlooked, underutilized, and underdeveloped means of contraception, cervical caps were offered to patients in a private gynecological practice and the first 413 acceptors were sent a detailed questionnaire about their experiences. The 371 who responded provided generous amounts of information helpful in assessing not only cap safety and effectiveness, which are dealt with herein, but also in assessing acceptability which is dealt with in the companion article that follows. With regard to safety considerations, "cervical erosion" was not found to contraindicate cap use and no other significant safety hazards were encountered, although two concerns were suggested for further evaluation. The failure rate was 8.4 per 100 women per year by the life table method. Of 25 failures, 11 were labeled method failures and 14 were labeled human failures by the respondents themselves. The role of cap dislodgement as a cause of method failures is analyzed. It is concluded that caps are as safe and effective as diaphragms and that for many women they are the most suitable form of contraception available. It is reasonable to expect that they will soon be able to be approved for general use.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Unsuspected involvement of the female genitalia in pemphigus vulgaris.

A 56-year-old woman had erosions due to pemphigus vulgaris in the inner thighs and perineum. The cutaneous lesions cleared following intramuscular gold therapy. However, because of complaints of dyspareunia, a colposcopic examination was performed and involvement of the cervix was demonstrated. The need for a vaginal examination in the monitoring of pemphigus vulgaris is emphasized.

Colposcopy↗
PubMed1992

Malignant and premalignant lesions of the esophagus.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the esophagus and it is one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. There is great geographic variation in occurrence of these tumors. Especially high-risk areas have been identified in Northern Iran, Central Asian Republics, Northern China and South Africa. In some of these areas annual mortality rates reach 133/100,000 and over 20% of the population dies of esophageal cancer. The mortality in the US is considerably lower (3 to 8 per 100,000). In common with squamous dysplasias elsewhere eg the cervix, squamous dysplasia of the esophagus also appears to be a precancerous lesion. We have found that squamous dysplasia and early cancer are characterized by a number of distinctive endoscopic changes, namely, mucosal friability, erosions, plaques and nodules. Another finding of interest is the failure on our part to confirm the frequency of esophagitis in high risk areas. Barrett's esophagus is an epithelial metaplasia which replaces esophageal squamous epithelium for variable lengths from the lower esophageal sphincter region cephalad. It is a complication that occurs in approximately 12% of patients with prolonged gastroesophageal reflux. The importance of this disorder is that it is associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. In assessing biopsies from patients with Barrett's esophagus, the main role of the pathologist is to be on the alert for histologic features of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Since dysplasia in Barrett's is endoscopically invisible, multiple biopsies are necessary if surveillance is to be successful in detecting dysplastic lesions and early carcinoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Esophageal Neoplasms↗