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PubMedDate not supplied

Biogenic amine regulation of glucagon secretion.

Norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin directly stimulated glucagon secretion by isolated perifused hamster islet. Propranolol blocked norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin-stimulated glucagon release, suggesting that norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin may modulate glucagon secretion via a beta-adrenergic mechanism. Dopamine and serotonin may exert their action directly via the beta receptor, stimulate residual adrenergic nerve terminals, or the release of other islet biogenic amines. We conclude that part of the stimulating effect of norepinephrine on glucagon release is beta adrenergically mediated and that dopamine and serotonin may affect glucagon secretion either directly or through the release of neurotransmitters that lead to glucagon release. Thus the intra-islet released dopamine and serotonin may contribute to the islets paracrine system by stimulating intra-islet adrenergic neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of cell proliferation in normal and neoplastic intestinal epithelia following either biogenic amine depletion or monoamine oxidase inhibition.

Epithelial cell proliferation was studied in the jejunum and in the colon of normal rats, in the colon of dimethylhydrazine-treated rats and in dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinoma of the colon using a stathmokinetic technique. Estimates of cell proliferation rates in these four tissues were then repeated in animals which had been depleted of biogenic animes by treatment with reserpine and in animals whose monoamine oxidase was inhibited by treatment with nialamide. In amine-depleted animals cell proliferation essentially ceased in all four tissues examined. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase did not significantly influence cell proliferation in nonmalignant tissues but accelerated cell division in colonic tumours.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Age-related changes in biogenic amines in individual brains of the ant Pheidole dentata.

The behavioral development of minor workers of the ant Pheidole dentata involves a progression of tasks beginning with brood care and culminating in foraging as individuals age. To understand the role of brain neurochemistry in age-related division of labor, we measured the levels of serotonin, dopamine and octopamine in individual brains of minor workers of different age. Serotonin and dopamine levels were significantly correlated with worker age: both increased as minor workers matured, and serotonin rose significantly in the oldest ants. In addition, the serotonin:dopamine ratio was significantly higher in the oldest workers. Octopamine levels did not change with age, although the ratios of octopamine:serotonin and octopamine:dopamine were significantly higher in the youngest workers. These age-associated changes in biogenic amine levels suggest an involvement of neuromodulators in minor worker behavioral ontogeny and temporal polyethism in P. dentata.

Aging↗
PubMed2003

The influence of the brewing process on the formation of biogenic amines in beers.

Biogenic amines, as dabsyl derivatives, were determined in beer samples, intermediate products, and raw materials (malt and maize) by HPLC. A procedure for the extraction of the amines from malt and maize with diluted hydrochloric acid was optimised by combining a Response Surface Methodology with a Simultaneous Decision Making Approach. The results of the analysis indicate that, in brewing, technology and hygiene are the decisive factors that determine the amine concentrations in the final product.

Beer↗
PubMed1999

Biogenic amines and division of labor in honey bee colonies: behaviorally related changes in the antennal lobes and age-related changes in the mushroom bodies.

Levels of the biogenic amines dopamine, serotonin, and octopamine were measured in different brain regions of adult worker honey bees as a function of age-related division of labor, using social manipulations to unlink age and behavioral state. In the antennal lobes, foragers had higher levels of all three amines than nurses, regardless of age. Differences were larger for octopamine than serotonin or dopamine. In the mushroom bodies, older bees had higher levels of all three amines than younger bees, regardless of behavioral state. These correlative results suggest that increases in octopamine in the antennal lobes may be particularly important in the control of age-related division of labor in honey bees.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Biogenic amines and apoptosis: minireview article.

The programmed cell death is a very complex mechanism involving many factors, among them the intracellular concentration of biogenic amines (BA) appears to be important for apoptosis triggering. The mitochondrial damage is imputable to hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes, produced by amine oxidases (AO)-mediated oxidation of BA. On the other hands, the apoptosis protection observed by high BA concentration appears to be related to their scavenger effect of ROS and/or their interaction with membrane pores. Also monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, like propargylamines, preserve the mitochondria integrity by inhibiting MAO and therefore the production of H2O2 and aldehydes and, as cations, by regulating membrane pores, like BA. As general conclusion, apoptosis is protected by high concentration of BA and/or other cations while it is favoured by ROS produced by AOs or other mechanisms.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed2005

Regional distribution of biogenic amines, amino acids and cholinergic markers in the CNS of the C57BL/6 strain.

A reliable extrapolation of neurochemical alterations from a mouse model to human metabolic brain disease requires knowledge of neurotransmitter levels and related compounds in control mouse brain. C57BL/6 is a widely used background strain for knockout and transgenic mouse models. A prerequisite for reliable extrapolation from mouse brain to the human condition is the existence of analogous distribution patterns of neurotransmitters and related compounds in control mouse and human brain. We analysed regional distribution patterns of biogenic amines, neurotransmitter and non-neurotransmitter amino acids, and cholinergic markers. Distribution patterns were compared with known neurotransmitter pathways in human brain. The present study provides a reference work for future analyses of neurotransmitters and related compounds in mouse models bred in a C57BL/6 background strain.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2005

Molecular mechanisms of modified sensitivity of the adenylate cyclase signaling system to biogenic amines during streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

We demonstrated changes in the sensitivity of the adenylate cyclase signaling system to biogenic amines (adrenoceptor agonists and serotonin) underwent a change in skeletal muscles of rats with 30-day streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Isoproterenol had a less significant stimulatory effect on adenylate cyclase in diabetic rats. Hormonal signals via Gi proteins were suppressed in animals with diabetes, which determined a greater stimulatory effect of norepinephrine and serotonin on adenylate cyclase. Hormones less significantly increased guanosine triphosphate-binding activity of G proteins in diabetic rats, which reflects the impairment of their functional coupling with receptors.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative high-performance thin-layer chromatography of dansyl derivatives of biogenic amines.

A procedure for the separation, detection, and quantification of picomole levels of dansyl derivatives of the biogenic amines, dopamine, norepinephrine, octopamine, and serotonin, has been developed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The detection limit is 1 to 2 pmol. Each of the amine derivatives has been detected in insect brain tissue and a solvent system has been developed for the separation and quantification of octopamine in insect tissue samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interaction of biogenic amines with components of cigarette smoke. Formation of cyanomethylamine derivatives.

A reaction of the biogenic amines 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, histamine, p-tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine and tryptamine with components of cigarette smoke was observed. The adducts formed from 5-hydroxytryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine were purified by chromatographic procedures and identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. The structures of some of these compounds were established as cyanomethylamine derivatives, i.e. RCH2CH2NHCH2CN. In the case of 5-hydroxytryptamine, a cyanomethyl-beta-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarboline product formed via a Pictet-Spengler condensation reaction was isolated. The mass spectra of such adducts and their fragment ions were observed to be identical to those of chemically synthesized cyanomethylamines. Both formaldehyde and cyanide, which are known to be present in cigarette smoke, were involved in the reaction with the primary amines. The reaction was time dependent and was enhanced by an increase in temperature or by incubation under alkaline conditions. Cyanomethyl adduct formation was increased when smoke from cigarettes with higher tar and nicotine content was used. When the amines were incubated with human saliva obtained after cigarette smoking, cyanomethylamine products were readily detected.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1994

Depressive mania versus agitated depression: biogenic amine and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function.

The existence of mixed affective states challenges the idea of specific biological abnormalities in depression and mania. We compared biogenic amines and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) function in mixed manic (n = 8), pure manic (n = 11), agitated bipolar depressed (n = 20), and nonagitated bipolar depressed (n = 27) inpatients (Research Diagnostic Criteria). Mixed manics met Research Diagnostic Criteria for primary manic episodes and also met criteria for major depressive episodes except for duration. The norepinephrine metabolite methoxyhydroxy phenthylene glycol (MHPG) was higher in cerebrospinal fluid from mixed manic than from agitated depressed patients, consistent with differences previously reported between the overall samples of depressed and manic patients. Similarly, patients in a mixed state had higher urinary excretion of norepinephrine (NE) and elevated output of NE relative to its metabolites. HPA activity was similar in mixed manic and agitated depressed patients. These data suggest that mixed manics combine certain biological abnormalities considered to be characteristic of mania and of depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Evidence for heritability of biogenic amine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkeys.

Susceptibility to several human psychopathological disorders is under partial genetic influence, and many of these disorders have biological correlates that may form part of the basis of this vulnerability. In humans, alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolite levels of the amine transmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin have been associated with several forms of psychopathology, and altered levels of these metabolites have been found in healthy probands with a familial history of such illnesses. We report evidence for heritability of CSF levels of biogenic amine measures in rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta. In a pilot study of 54 monkeys with known pedigrees, significant differences among sire families were found for CSF levels of norepinephrine (p = 0.04), homovanillic acid (p = 0.02), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (p = 0.04). These data indicate that variation in bioaminergic measures is associated with pedigree, and that model systems incorporating both genetic and environmental factors can contribute to the understanding of the function of aminergic systems implicated in vulnerability to psychopathology.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

CSF of neuroleptic-naive first-episode schizophrenic patients: levels of biogenic amines, substance P, and peptides derived from chromogranin A (GE-25) and secretogranin II (secretoneurin).

Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from controls and neuroleptic-naive patients with their first acute schizophrenic episode. The CSF was analyzed for several biogenic amines and their metabolites [dopamine,dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA)]. For these transmitters, which are stored and secreted from synaptic vesicles, there was no significant difference between controls and schizophrenic patients. As constituents of large dense-core vesicles substance P (SP) and GE-25 (derived from chromogranin A)-and secretoneurin (derived from secretogranin 11)-immunoreactivities were determined. SP-like immunoreactivity levels did not differ between controls and patients; however, GE-25 was elevated and especially the GE-25/secretoneurin ratio was significantly (p < .001) higher in patients. Characterization of the immunoreactivities by high-performance liquid chromatography did not reveal any difference between patients (n = 3) and controls in the processing of the two proproteins chromogranin A and secretogranin II. These data indicate that proteolytic processing of the two widespread constituents of large dense-core vesicles, i.e., chromogranin A and secretogranin II, is not altered in schizophrenic patients. The increase in the chromogranin A /secretoneurin ratio in schizophrenic patients deserves further investigation in order to elucidate its possible pathogenetic significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the effects of biogenic amines on cyclic GMP and cycle AMP levels in mouse cerebellum in vitro.

Norepinephrine (NE) elevates levels of both 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in incubated slices of mouse cerebellum. As little as 1 muM NE is capable of increasing the level of either cyclic nucleotide. Maximal elevations of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels produced by NE are 15- to 40-fold and 2- to 4-fold, respectively. Dopamine, serotonin and histamine, other biogenic amines considered to be neurotransmitters in CNS, have no effect on mouse cerebellum cyclic nucleotide levels except at relatively high (1 mM) concentrations. NE-induced accumulation of cyclic GMP, but not cyclic AMP, is blocked by omission of Ca2+ from the incubation media. Theophylline does not alter the effect of this catecholamine on either cyclic nucleotide. In tissue slices incubated in buffered sucrose or in choline-Krebs buffer, NE is still capable of increasing both cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP levels; however, these elevations are less than those observed in brain slices incubated in Krebs-Ringer buffer. NE, in combination with glutamate, produces supra-additive elevations of both cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP levels. However, NE in combination with adenosine or high levels of K+ only has a synergistic effect on cyclic AMP and not on cyclic AMP and not on cyclic GMP combination. The elevation of cyclic AMP levels produced by NE appears to be mediated via both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor sites. In contrast, the receptor site(s) mediating cyclic AMP accumulation do not appear to be either typical alpha- or beta-adrenergic receptors.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1984

Femtogram detection limits for biogenic amines using microbore HPLC with electrochemical detection.

Detection limits for biogenic amines, serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), of 50-200 fg are reported. This was accomplished using microbore HPLC with electrochemical detection. Reproducibility at the 1-5 pg level of 1.6-8.1% was obtained. The utility of this approach is demonstrated for analysis of brain tissues of 1 microgram or less.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Interaction of neuropeptides and biogenic amines on cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation in hypothalamic nuclei.

Neuropeptides and biogenic amines known to be present in neurons or afferent terminals in the paraventricular nucleus (PVH), supraoptic nucleus (SON) and/or lateral hypothalamus (LH) were added to small areas of these structures obtained by micropuncture and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were measured. cAMP accumulation occurred in PVH, SON and LH in response to neuropeptides of the secretin family, such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and in response to catecholamines. Bradykinin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating (alpha-MSH), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), oxytocin and carbamylcholine stimulated cAMP accumulation selectively in one or two of the above structures. Glucagon, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin (SRIF), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), methionine enkephalin (Met-Enk), beta-endorphin, neurotensin, bombesin and angiotensin II did not effect cAMP levels while leucine enkephalin (Leu-Enk), arginine vasopressin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) elicited regionally selective decreases in basal levels of cAMP. When interactions between some of these compounds were measured, VIP and norepinephrine exerted a more than additive effect on cAMP elevation in the PVH, while the effect on cAMP of the SON and LH was additive.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Excretion of biogenic amine metabolites in anorexia nervosa.

Urinary metabolites of catecholamines and indoleamines have been investigated in 16 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 13 controls using a HPLC-method. Vanillic mandelic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, homovanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and indoleacetic acid were significantly decreased in the pre-treatment phase. In four patients long-term treatment including parenteral and enteral nutrition together with psychological methods resulted in an increase in the levels of these substances and this correlated with increased weight gain and urinary creatinine. It is concluded that both central and peripheral disturbances are involved in AN, particularly with regard to biogenic amine metabolism.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗