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PubMed2000

Arthrobacter flavus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from a pond in McMurdo Dry Valley, Antarctica.

CMS 19YT, a psychrophilic bacterium, was isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample from a pond in Antarctica and was characterized taxonomically. The bacterium was aerobic, gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle and produced a yellow pigment that was insoluble in water but soluble in methanol. No growth factors were required and it was able to grow between 5 and 30 degrees C, between pH 6 and pH 9 and tolerated up to 11.5% NaCl. The cell wall peptidoglycan was Lys-Thr-Ala3 (the A3alpha variant) and the major menaquinone was MK-9(H2). The G+C content of the DNA was 64+/-2 mol%. The 16S rDNA analysis indicated that CMS 19YT is closely related to group I Arthrobacter species and showed highest sequence similarity (97.91%) with Arthrobacter agilis. Furthermore, DNA-DNA. hybridization studies also indicated 77% homology between CMS 19YT and A. agilis. It differed from A. agilis, however, in that it was psychrophilic, non-motile, yellow in colour, exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle, had a higher degree of tolerance to NaCl and was oxidase- and urease-negative and lipase-positive. In addition, it had a distinct fatty acid composition compared to that of A. agilis: the predominant fatty acids were C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, iso-C16:0, C17:0, anteiso-C17:0 and C18:0. It is proposed, therefore, that CMS 19YT should be placed in the genus Arthrobacter as a new species, i.e. Arthrobacter flavus sp. nov. The type strain of A. flavus is CMS 19YT (= MTCC 3476T).

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed2000

Denitrovibrio acetiphilus, a novel genus and species of dissimilatory nitrate-reducing bacterium isolated from an oil reservoir model column.

A novel dissimilatory, nitrate-reducing bacterium, designated strain N2460T, was isolated from an oil reservoir model column. Strain N2460T is a mesophilic, obligately anaerobic, marine, gram-negative bacterium. The cells are vibrio-shaped and motile by a bipolar flagellum. Strain N2460T reduces nitrate to ammonia in a mineral medium supplied by acetate. The presence of a 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity indicates that acetate is oxidized via the citric acid cycle. No growth is obtained on formate, higher fatty acids, malate, fumarate, benzoate, alcohols, sugar, yeast extract, crude oil, alkanes, proline, hydrogen, sulfur or thiosulfate with nitrate as electron acceptor. Oxygen, sulfate, thiosulfate and sulfur are not utilized as alternative electron acceptors. Strain N2460T grows fermentatively on fumarate, but not on pyruvate. The G+C content of the DNA is 42.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene analysis shows that strain N2460T belongs to the Bacteria and that the closest relative is 'Geovibrio ferrireducens' (sequence similarity 86.9%). On the basis of phylogenetic as well as phenotypic data, it is proposed that strain N2460T represents the type strain of a new genus and species, Denitrovibrio acetiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov.

Acetates↗
PubMed2000

Anoxybacillus pushchinensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel anaerobic, alkaliphilic, moderately thermophilic bacterium from manure, and description of Anoxybacillus flavitherms comb. nov.

A new strictly anaerobic, alkaliphilic, moderately thermophilic, fermentative, spore-forming bacterium, strain K1T, was isolated from manure samples (pH 6-8). Cells were Gram-positive, straight, non-motile rods that grew at temperatures of 37-66 degrees C (optimum at 62 degrees C) and in a pH range of 8.0-10.5 (optimum at 9.5-9.7). The bacterium fermented D-glucose, sucrose, D-fructose, D-trehalose and starch as carbon and energy sources. It required vitamins and its growth is stimulated by yeast extract. The major metabolic products were H2 and acetate. Cells were catalase-negative and could reduce nitrate to nitrite. The G+C content of the DNA was 42.2 mol%. Based on the phenotypic properties and 16S rDNA sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain K1T (= DSM 12423T = ATCC 700785T = VKM B-2193T) was assigned to the new genus Anoxybacillus gen. nov., as a representative of a new species, Anoxybacillus pushchinensis sp. nov. 'Bacillus flavothermus' strain d.y., which was found to be closely related to strain K1T, is described as Anoxybacillus flavithermus comb. nov. (type strain = d.y.T = DSM 2641T).

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2000

Thioalkalicoccus limnaeus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new alkaliphilic purple sulfur bacterium with bacteriochlorophyll b.

Four strains of purple sulfur bacteria containing bacteriochlorophyll b were isolated from cyanobacterial mats of soda lakes in the steppe of south-east Siberia, Russia. Cells of all strains were cocci without gas vesicles. Eventually, cells with flagella were seen in the electron microscope, but motile cells were observed very rarely in cultures. Internal photosynthetic membranes were of the tubular type. Photosynthetic pigments were bacteriochlorophyll b and carotenoids with spectral characteristics similar to 3,4,3',4'-tetrahydrospirilloxanthin. The bacteria were obligately phototrophic and strictly anaerobic. Hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur were used as photosynthetic electron donors. Thiosulfate was not used. During growth on sulfide, sulfur globules were formed as intermediate oxidation products, deposited inside the cells and centrally located. In the presence of sulfide and sodium bicarbonate, acetate, malate, propionate, pyruvate, succinate, fumarate and yeast extract were photoassimilated. Growth factors were not required. The new bacterium is an obligate alkaliphile growing at pH 8-10 with an optimum at pH 9. It showed good growth up to 6.0% sodium chloride and up to 8.5% sodium carbonates. Phenotypically, it is similar to Thiococcus pfennigii, but different by virtue of its alkaliphily and salt tolerance. The DNA G+C content was 63.6-64.8 mol %, compared to 69.4-69.9 mol % for Thiococcus pfennigii. The 16S rDNA sequence of strain A26T was approximately 92% similar to that of Thiococcus pfennigii DSM 226 and therefore a new genus and species name, Thioalkalicoccus limnaeus gen. nov. and sp. nov., are proposed for the new bacterium.

Bacteriochlorophylls↗
PubMed2001

Albibacter methylovorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel aerobic, facultatively autotrophic and methylotrophic bacterium that utilizes dichloromethane.

A novel genus, Albibacter, with one species, Albibacter methylovorans sp. nov., is proposed for a facultatively chemolithotrophic and methylotrophic bacterium (strain DM10T) with the ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) pathway of C1 assimilation. The bacterium is a Gram-negative, aerobic, asporogenous, nonmotile, colourless rod that multiplies by binary fission. The organism utilizes dichloromethane, methanol, methylamine, formate and CO2/H2, as well as a variety of polycarbon compounds, as carbon and energy sources. It is neutrophilic and mesophilic. The major cellular fatty acids are straight-chain unsaturated C18:1, saturated C16:0 and cyclopropane C19:0 acids. The main ubiquinone is Q-10. The dominant phospholipids are phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline and cardiolipin. The DNA G+C content is 66.7 mol%. Strain DM10T has a very low degree of DNA-DNA hybridization (4-7%) with the type species of the genera Paracoccus, Xanthobacter, Blastobacter, Angulomicrobium, Ancylobacter and Ralstonia of RuBP pathway methylobacteria. Another approach, involving comparative 16S rDNA analysis, has shown that the novel isolate represents a separate branch within the alpha-2 subgroup of the Proteobacteria. The type species of the new genus is Albibacter methylovorans sp. nov.; the type strain is DM10T (= VKM B-2236T = DSM 13819T).

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed2001

Alkalibacterium olivoapovliticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new obligately alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from edible-olive wash-waters.

A novel Gram-positive, obligately alkaliphilic, non-sporulating, rod-shaped, flagellated bacterium is described. Three different strains of the bacterium were isolated from the wash-waters of edible-olive production. The strains are motile, psychrotolerant, halotolerant, facultatively anaerobic bacteria with a pH optimum of 9.0-9.4 for two strains and 9.8-10.2 for the third. They are catalase- and oxidase-negative. A range of hexoses and some disaccharides composed of hexoses, but not pentoses are metabolized by the bacterial strains: D(+)-glucose, D(+)-glucose 6-phosphate, D(+)-cellobiose, starch or sucrose are the carbohydrates best utilized. No common amino acids are utilized by the three alkaliphilic strains, but yeast extract can serve as sole carbon and energy source. The major membrane phospholipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid, all containing saturated and unsaturated, even-carbon-numbered fatty acyl chains with hexadecanoic and hexadecen(7)oic as the predominant components. The G+C content of the DNA in all three strains is 39.7+/-1.0 mol% and the DNA relatedness by hybridization is >88% for all pairings of the three strains. The results of 16S rRNA sequence comparisons revealed that the strains represent a new alkaliphilic linkage in the order Bacillales, belonging to the Carnobacterium/Aerococcus-like spectrum. It is proposed that the strains should be assigned to a new genus and species, Alkalibacterium olivoapovliticus. The three strains, designated WW2-SN4aT, WW2-SN4c and WW2-SN5, have been deposited with Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ) as DSM 13175T, DSM 12937 and DSM 12938 respectively, and in the National Collection of Industrial and Marine Bacteria as NCIMB 13710T, NCIMB 13711 and NCIMB 13712, respectively. The type species of this genus is Alkalibacterium olivoapovliticus and the type strain is WW2-SN4aT.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2001

Sphingomonas pituitosa sp. nov., an exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium that secretes an unusual type of sphingan.

Strain EDIVT, an exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium, was subjected to polyphasic characterization. The bacterium produced copious amounts of an extracellular polysaccharide, forming slimy, viscous, intensely yellow-pigmented colonies on Czapek-Dox (CZD) agar. The culture fluids of the liquid version of CZD medium were highly viscous after cultivation for 5 d. Cells of strain EDIVT were Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped and motile. Comparisons of 16S rDNA gene sequences demonstrated that EDIVT clusters phylogenetically with the species of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto. The G+C content of the DNA (64.5 mol%), the presence of ubiquinone Q-10, the presence of 2-hydroxymyristic acid (14:0 2-OH) as the major hydroxylated fatty acid, the absence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids and the detection of sym-homospermidine as the major component in the polyamine pattern, together with the presence of sphingoglycolipid, supported this delineation. 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that strain EDIVT is most closely related (99.4% similarity) to Sphingomonas trueperi LMG 2142T. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that the level of relatedness to S. trueperi is only 45.5%. Further differences were apparent in the cellular fatty acid profile, the polar lipid pattern, the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and whole-cell proteins and in a number of biochemical characteristics. On the basis of the estimated phylogenetic position derived from 16S rDNA sequence data, DNA-DNA reassociation and phenotypic differences, strain EDIVT (= CIP 106154T = DSM 13101T) was recognized as a new species of Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas pituitosa sp. nov. is proposed. A component analysis of the exopolysaccharide (named PS-EDIV) suggested that it represents a novel type of sphingan composed of glucose, rhamnose and an unidentified sugar. Glucuronic acid, which is commonly found in sphingans, was absent. The mean molecular mass of PS-EDIV was approximately 3 x 10(6) Da.

Base Composition↗
PubMed2001

Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis sp. nov., a novel anaerobic, saccharolytic, thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring in Tengcong, China.

A new, extremely thermophilic bacterium, designated strain MB4T, was isolated from a Chinese hot spring. The new isolate was an obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped, gram-negative, saccharolytic bacterium. Spore formation was not observed. Growth occurred at temperatures between 50 and 80 degrees C, with an optimum of around 75 degrees C; at pH values between 5.5 and 9.0, with an optimum of 7.0-7.5; and at salinities between 0 and 2.5% NaCl, with an optimum of around 0.2% NaCl. The organism utilized glucose, galactose, maltose, cellobiose, mannose, fructose, lactose, mannitol and starch. Acetate was the main end product from glucose fermentation. Thiosulfate and sulfur were reduced to hydrogen sulfide. Sulfate, sulfite and nitrate were not reduced. Growth was inhibited by hydrogen. The G+C content of the DNA was 33 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rDNA sequence indicated that the isolate was a new member of the genus Thermoanaerobacter and formed a monophyletic unit within the Thermoanaerobacter cluster. Based on its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the isolate was proposed as a new species, Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis. The type strain is MB4T (= Chinese Collection of Microorganisms AS 1.2430T = JCM 11007T).

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2001

Paenibacillus azoreducens sp. nov., a synthetic azo dye decolorizing bacterium from industrial wastewater.

An azo-dye-reducing, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from textile industry wastewater has been taxonomically studied. Particularly interesting was the ability of this organism to decolorize the azo dye Remazol Black B by 98% within 24 h. Levels of 16S rRNA similarity between the isolate and Paenibacillus species ranged from 92.1 to 95.0%. The DNA G+C content was 46.8 mol % and anteiso-branched C15:0 was the major fatty acid. Based upon the phenotypic properties and the phylogenetic inference, it is proposed that the bacterium should be designated Paenibacillus azoreducens sp. nov. The type strain of Paenibacillus azoreducens is CM1T (= DSM 13822T = NCIMB 13761T).

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed2001

Desulforegula conservatrix gen. nov., sp. nov., a long-chain fatty acid-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from sediments of a freshwater lake.

A novel sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain Mb1PaT, was isolated from the sediments of a freshwater floodplain lake. Cells of strain Mb1PaT were rod-shaped, 1-1.3 microm wide and 2.6-3 microm long, motile and Gram-negative. The bacterium grew on straight-chain carboxylic acids with 4-17 carbon atoms. Electron donors with an even number of carbon atoms were oxidized to acetate and electron donors with an odd number of carbon atoms were oxidized to acetate and propionate. No other compounds were found to be used as electron donors. No growth occurred in the absence of sulfate. The optimum temperature for growth was between 25 and 30 degrees C and the maximum temperature for growth was 32 degrees C. Strain Mb1PaT grew very slowly in medium with 5 g NaCl l(-1) with optimum growth occurring with up to 1.0 g NaCl l(-1). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain Mb1PaT belonged to the delta-subclass of the Proteobacteria, was a member of the family Desulfobacteraceae, but lacked similarity with any currently described representatives. The combined phylogenetic analysis and physiological data indicate that strain Mb1PaT represents a new genus and the name Desulforegula conservatrix is proposed. The type strain is Mb1PaT (= DSM 13527T = ATCC BAA-134T).

DNA, Ribosomal↗
PubMed2002

Alicyclobacillus herbarius sp. nov., a novel bacterium containing omega-cycloheptane fatty acids, isolated from herbal tea.

A thermo-acidophilic gram-positive bacterium, strain CP-1T, which grows aerobically at 35-65 degrees C (optimum 55-60 degrees C) and at pH 3.5-6.0 (optimum pH 4.5-5.0), was isolated from a herbal tea made from the dried flowers of hibiscus. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this bacterium was clearly distinguishable from previously described species of the genera Alicyclobacillus and Sulfobacillus. Strain CP-1T had unique omega-cycloheptane fatty acids as the major membrane lipid component, a characteristic which is peculiar to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus. However, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain CP-1T were different from those of the type strain of A. cycloheptanicus. DNA-DNA hybridization between the type strains of Alicyclobacillus species and Sulfobacillus disulfidooxidans was <20%, indicating that strain CP-1T represents a distinct species. On the basis of these results, the name Alicyclobacillus herbarius is proposed for this organism. The type strain is strain CP-1T (= DSM 13609T = IAM 14883T = NRIC 0477T).

Beverages↗
PubMed2002

Roseiflexus castenholzii gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, filamentous, photosynthetic bacterium that lacks chlorosomes.

A novel thermophilic, photosynthetic bacterium, designated strain HLO8T, was isolated from a bacterial mat in a Japanese hot spring. Morphologically, the isolate was an unbranched multicellular filament with a cell diameter of 0.8-1.0 microm. The bacterium was red to reddish-brown in colour and formed a distinct red bacterial mat in the natural environment. It was able to grow photoheterotrophically under anaerobic light conditions and also chemoheterotrophically under aerobic dark conditions. Optimal growth occurred at 50 degrees C and pH 7.5-8.0. The cells contained bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) a and gamma-carotene derivatives as photosynthetic pigments, but lacked Bchl c and chlorosomes. Cellular fatty acids in the isolate were mainly C16:0, C14:0 and C15:0. The major quinone was menaquinone-11. The DNA G+C content was 62.0 mol% (by HPLC). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing suggested that the isolate belonged to the anoxygenic filamentous phototrophic bacteria represented by Chloroflexus aurantiacus, but was clearly distant from all members in this group (the sequence similarities between the isolate and its relatives were less than 83.8%). Based on genotypic and phenotypic data, the name Roseiflexus castenholzii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for this isolate; the type strain is HLO8T (= DSM 13941T = JCM 11240T).

Bacteriochlorophylls↗
PubMed2002

Desulfovibrio magneticus sp. nov., a novel sulfate-reducing bacterium that produces intracellular single-domain-sized magnetite particles.

A novel type of dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacterium, designated strain RS-1T, capable of producing intracellular magnetite particles (magnetosomes) was isolated from freshwater sulfide-rich sediments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences revealed that RS-1T is a member of the genus Desulfovibrio. Its closest known relative is Desulfovibrio burkinensis (sequence similarity of 98.7%). Strain RS-1T contains desulfoviridin, c-type cytochromes and, unlike other Desulfovibrio spp., it possesses menaquinone MK-7(H2) instead of MK-6 or MK-6(H2). Strain RS-1T is also unique compared with other members of Desulfovibrio in its ability to synthesize intracellular magnetite particles. A novel species, Desulfovibrio magneticus sp. nov., is proposed for RS-1T (= ATCC 700980T = DSM 13731T), a sulfate-reducing magnetotactic bacterium.

DNA, Ribosomal↗
PubMed2002

Vibrio calviensis sp. nov., a halophilic, facultatively oligotrophic 0.2 microm-fiIterabIe marine bacterium.

A gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, straight to slightly curved rod-shaped bacterium (RE35F/12T) sensitive to vibriostatic agent O/129 was previously isolated from sea water (Western Mediterranean Sea, Bay of Calvi, Corsica, France) by 0.2 microm-membrane filtration. Strain RE35/F12T (= CIP 107077T = DSM 14347T) was facultatively oligotrophic, halophilic, required Na+ for growth and produced acid but no gas from D-glucose under anaerobic conditions. Comparative 165 rRNA gene-sequence analyses demonstrated that the bacterium is most closely related (94.3%) to Vibrio scophthalmi. Similarities to the sequences of all other established Vibrio species ranged from 93.6% (with Vibrio aestuarianus) to 90.7% (with Vibrio rumoiensis). Strain RE35/F12T occupies a distinct phylogenetic position; this is similar to the case of Vibrio hollisae, because RE35F/12T represents a relatively long subline of descent sharing a branching point with the outskirts species V. hollisae. The G+C content of the DNA was 49.5 mol%. Ubiquinone Q-8 was the main respiratory lipoquinone, and 16:1omega9cis, 16:0 and 18:1trans9, cis11 were the major cellular fatty acids, 16:1omega9cis being predominant. The polyamine pattern was characterized by the presence of the triamine sym-norspermidine. On the basis of the polyphasic information summarized above, a new Vibrio species is described for which the name Vibrio calviensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2002

Tetrasphaera elongata sp. nov., a polyphosphate-accumulating bacterium isolated from activated sludge.

A new meso-diaminopimelic acid-containing, gram-positive bacterium was isolated from an activated sludge reactor showing enhanced biological phosphorus removal activity. The isolate was an asporogenous oval to rod-shaped bacterium, but occasionally formed clumps. The Neisser staining was positive, suggesting intracellular polyphosphate granules. The isolate was an aerobic chemoheterotroph which was capable of utilizing various sugars, sugar alcohols and organic acids. It contained anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C14:0 and C16:0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and menaquinone-8(H4) as the major quinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.6 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed that the isolate is a new member of the family Intrasporangiaceae. The closest relatives were Tetrasphaera species. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic distinctiveness of the isolate, it was concluded that the organism represents a new species in the genus Tetrasphaera, for which the name Tetrasphaera elongata sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain Lp2T (= JCM 11141T = DSM 14184T).

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2002

Cellulosimicrobium variabile sp. nov., a cellulolytic bacterium from the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis.

A novel cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacterium, strain MX5T, was isolated from the hindgut contents of the Australian termite Mastotermes darwiniensis (Froggatt). The isolate was a facultative anaerobe and had a Gram-positive cell-wall profile. The rod-shaped bacterium formed irregular coryneform and coccoid cells during growth. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA provided evidence that the organism was closely related to the as-yet undescribed cellulolytic strain SR272 and the non-validly described species 'Cellulomonas pachnodae' as well as Promicromonospora citrea and Promicromonospora sukumoe. Strain MX5T was assigned to the genus Cellulosimicrobium on the basis of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic criteria. The murein of strain MX5T contained the diamino acid lysine. N-Glycolylmuramic acid, mycolic acids and hydroxy fatty acids were absent. The major neutral sugar in the cell wall was galactose and the major quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H4). The predominant fatty acids were ai-C15:0, i-C15:0, i-C16:0 and C16:0. The G+C content of the DNA was in a range 70-72 mol%. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence similarities and chemotaxonomic features, MX5T was clearly different from Cellulosimicrobium cellulans and other validly described species within this phylogenetic group. For this reason, a novel species is described, for which the name Cellulosimicrobium variabile sp. nov. is proposed.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2002

Turicibacter sanguinis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium.

An unknown, strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium (strain MOL361T) was isolated from a blood culture of a febrile patient with acute appendicitis and characterized using phenotypic and molecular methods. Fatty acid analysis and biochemical examination indicated that the isolate most closely resembles members of the Gram-positive bacteria with low DNA G+C content. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed a relatively high overall similarity (97%) to an uncultured bacterium, but these two strains both exhibit low (<87%) 16S rDNA similarity to other bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis with different treeing methods showed that this strain forms a novel line of descent within the Gram-positive bacteria with low G+C content. Strain MOL361T is described as the type strain of a novel species within a new genus, Turicibacter sanguinis gen. nov., sp. nov.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed2002

Caminicella sporogenes gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermophilic spore-forming bacterium isolated from an East-Pacific Rise hydrothermal vent.

A novel thermophilic, anaerobic, strictly chemoorganoheterotrophic bacterium, designated as AM1114T, was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent sample from the East-Pacific Rise (EPR 13 degrees N). The cells were long (3-10 microm) rods, motile with peritrichous flagella, and exhibited a gram-negative cell wall ultrastructure. In the late stationary phase of growth, cells formed an ovoid, refractile, terminal endospore. They grew at 45-65 degrees C inclusive (optimum 55-60 degrees C; doubling time approx. 45 min), at pH 4.5-8.0 inclusive (optimum pH 7.5-8.0) and at sea salt concentrations of 20-60 g l(-1) inclusive (optimum 25-30 g l(-1)). Strain AM1114T was an obligately heterotrophic bacterium able to ferment a mixture of 20 amino acids, complex proteinaceous substrates (such as yeast extract, brain-heart infusion or peptone), and carbohydrates such as glucose, galactose or maltose. The main fermentation products on glucose/yeast extract/peptone/sulfur medium were hydrogen, carbon dioxide, butyrate, ethanol, acetate, formate and L-alanine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA (determined by thermal denaturation) was 24.2+/-1 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene located the strain within cluster XI of the lineage encompassing the genus Clostridium and related genera (sensu Collins et al., 1994), in the bacterial domain. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence comparisons and physiological and biochemical characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate should be described as a novel genus, namely Caminicella gen. nov., of which Caminicella sporogenes sp. nov. is the type species. The type strain is AM1114T (= DSM 14501T = CIP 107141T).

Base Composition↗