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PubMed1999

Brain Abscess.

Optimal treatment of a brain abscess requires early clinical suspicion, and the diagnosis is usually made by identification of the abscess on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The immediate first step is to reduce the potentially life-threatening brain mass (abscess and surrounding cerebral edema) and secure the diagnosis with culture specimens. This is usually accomplished by reducing the increased intracranial pressure (ICP) through surgical aspiration with or without drainage of the abscess pus. The surgical procedure chosen depends on several factors, including the location and type of abscess, multiplicity, and the medical condition of the patient. In addition, dexamethasone and hyperventilation may be required if brain herniation is imminent. The dexamethasone dose should be reduced as soon as the ICP is reduced because steroid administration may retard abscess capsule formation and decrease antibiotic concentrations within the abscess cavity. Antibiotic therapy should be started as soon as the diagnosis is made. Penicillin G or third-generation cephalosporins plus metronidazole are commonly given to treat both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. The initial choice of antibiotic will vary on the basis of the suspected source of the brain organisms, which is most often either contiguous spread from a sinus or mastoid infection or hematogenous spread from a pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiac, or dental infection. Isolation and determination of the antibiotic sensitivities of the organism from abscess pus allow definitive antibiotic therapy. Patients should be managed in an intensive care unit. Phenytoin is often given to prevent seizures, which could further elevate the ICP. The duration of antimicrobial treatment is 4 to 8 weeks, during which time the patient should be monitored clinically and with repeated neuroimaging studies to ensure abscess resolution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Amebic abscess of the liver presenting as acute cholecystitis.

A case report is presented of a 37-year-old active duty Navy petty officer with amebic abscess of the liver presenting as acute cholecystitis. He was admitted with severe right upper quadrant pain and a positive Murphy's sign, but sonogram and computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated an abscess in the right lobe of the liver. "Anchovy paste" material was obtained on percutaneous drainage, and he was placed on metronidazole administration with a tentative diagnosis of amebic abscess. This was confirmed on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Symptoms resolved within a few days, and the abscess progressively decreased in size. Amebic abscess of the liver is discussed, with emphasis on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Although uncommon, the condition is still seen in various population groups including the United States military. Difficulty in diagnosis is not unusual, and as in the herein-reported case, amebic abscesses of the liver may be confused with acute cholecystitis and other intra-abdominal infections. Abdominal sonogram and CT examination will identify a process in the liver, but the presence of amebiasis must be confirmed by laboratory studies on serum or contents of the abscess. Amebicidal agents are effective in many cases, but there remain roles for aspiration of the abscess, percutaneous drainage, and even open surgical drainage. Failure to establish an early diagnosis may result in rupture of the abscess, with catastrophic results.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Age-, site-, and time-specific differences in pediatric deep neck abscesses.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify presentations, organisms, and locations of deep neck abscesses in children. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Tertiary children's hospital. The study population comprised 169 patients younger than 19 years who were surgically treated for deep neck abscesses between 1989 and 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Resolution of abscess. RESULTS: Neck mass (91%), fever (86%), cervical adenopathy (83%), poor oral intake (66%), and neck stiffness (59%) were common in all ages. Patients younger than 4 years, compared with patients 4 years or older, presented with agitation (50% vs 14%), cough (35% vs 14%), drooling (27% vs 12%), lethargy (46% vs 33%), oropharyngeal abnormalities (45% vs 60%), respiratory distress (5% vs 2%), retractions (5% vs 2%), rhinorrhea (53% vs 15%), stridor (4% vs 2%), and trismus (14% vs 53%). Children younger than 1 year were infected with Staphylococcus aureus (79%) vs group A streptococcus (6%). Children 1 year or older were infected with group A streptococcus (29%) vs S aureus (16%). Retropharyngeal or parapharyngeal regions were involved in children 1 year or older (49%) vs younger than 1 year (21%). Anterior or posterior triangles and submandibular or submental regions were involved in 39% and 36%, respectively, of children younger than 1 year vs 30% and 23%, respectively, of children 1 year or older. Retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses yielded group A streptococcus (34%) vs S aureus (11%). Anterior and posterior triangle abscesses yielded S aureus (35%) vs group A streptococcus (19%), as did submandibular and submental abscesses (42% vs 19%). CONCLUSIONS: Abscesses in children younger than 1 year affected anterior or posterior triangles and submandibular or submental regions, yielding S aureus. Abscesses in children 1 year or older affected retropharyngeal or parapharyngeal regions, yielding group A streptococcus.

Abscess↗
PubMed1999

Visceral organ abscesses in melioidosis: sonographic findings.

PURPOSE: We describe the sonographic appearances of extrapulmonary visceral organ abscesses in melioidosis and examine the role of sonography in early detection and follow-up of this elusive disease. METHODS: The sonograms and records of 80 patients with melioidosis were retrospectively reviewed. The number, size, sonographic appearances, and distribution of abscesses in the abdominal visceral organs were analyzed. RESULTS: The most common suspected diagnoses upon hospital admission were septicemia and pyrexia of unknown origin (39%). Abdominal visceral organ abscess was suspected in only 28% of patients. Fifty-seven patients (71%) had single organ involvement, and 23 (29%) had multiple organ involvement. There were lesions in the spleen in 59 patients (74%), liver in 37 (46%), and kidney in 10 (12%). Multiple abscesses were much more common than a solitary abscess in each organ and were demonstrated in 83%, 68%, and 75% of patients with spleen, liver, and kidney involvement, respectively. The sonographic findings of multiple small abscesses with a "target-like" appearance and larger multiloculated abscesses were common in every organ. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of multiple small, discrete abscesses in visceral organs, particularly the spleen, should raise the suspicion of this disease. In endemic areas, screening sonography should be done in every patient presenting with septicemia or fever of unknown origin.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical management of hepatic abscesses.

Amebic and pyogenic hepatic abscesses are rare liver lesions that may require surgical intervention. Amebic liver abscesses are more common in subtropical and tropical climates and in areas with poor sanitation. The majority of pyogenic liver abscesses are caused by infections in the biliary or intestinal tracts. These lesions can be differentiated on clinical grounds and by amebic serology. Ultrasound and computed tomography are the imaging techniques of choice. The initial management of amebic hepatic abscesses is treatment with amebicidal agents. Most patients respond rapidly so that surgery is reserved for patients with complications including secondary bacterial infection, impending rupture, or rupture into the pericardium or peritoneum. Patients with pyogenic hepatic abscesses require a prolonged course of antibiotics and appropriate drainage. Selected solitary abscesses can be managed with percutaneous abscess drainage. Similarly, some abscesses of biliary origin will respond to percutaneous biliary drainage. Surgical drainage has several advantages including: the ability to explore the abdomen for a source, excellent exposure of the entire liver, accurate assessment, sometimes with ultrasound, of the best drainage site, and access to the biliary tree for cholangiography and drainage.

Amebicides↗
PubMed2004

[Bronchobiliary fistula associated with combined abscess of lung and liver].

HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: A 43-year-old, cachectic, alcohol-addicted patient was admitted to the hospital due to hemoptysis and fever of up to 40 degrees C for the last 4 days. Physical examination revealed pleural rubs in the right lower lung and a diffuse pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The right upper quadrant of the abdomen also showed scars from several surgical interventions on the small intestine, the liver and the biliary tract and deformed caudal ribs due to an accident 23 years earlier. DIAGNOSTICS, THERAPY, AND CLINICAL COURSE: Chest X-ray, ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) showed abscess cavities in lung and liver communicating through the diaphragm. Under antibiotic therapy the abscess was drained. Cultures showed Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus viridans. Continuous lavage of the abscess cavities and antibiotic therapy led to an improvement in parameters of inflammation and clinical status. Imaging after 10 days of treatment showed a contrast enrichment in the abscess cavities and a bronchobiliary fistula accounting for temporary biliptysis. The drainage was removed after 29 days, when similar imaging revealed no further sign of an abscess cavity and a previous CT follow-up had proven a distinct decrease of the abscesses. CONCLUSION: Bronchobiliary fistulas are very rare. In most cases they are caused by hepatic or subphrenic abscesses, resulting from different conditions. The development of an bronchobiliary fistula originating from a Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia, as indicated by this report, has not been described so far. In the patient presented here, treatment was achieved due to continuous drainage despite the large extent of the abscess.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Percutaneous abscess drainage: update.

During the approximately 20 years that percutaneous abscess drainage (PAD) has been an extant procedure and as the millennium begins, PAD has become, by consensus, the treatment of choice for abscesses. Indications for PAD continue to expand, and currently almost all abscesses are considered amenable. On occasion, PAD is an adjunctive procedure that provides a beneficial temporizing effect for the surgeon who eventually must operate for a coexisting problem such as a bowel leak. Simple unilocular abscesses are cured almost uniformly by PAD; more complicated abscesses, such as those with enteric fistulas (e.g., diverticular abscess) or pancreatic abscesses, have cure rates ranging from 65% to 90%. Various catheters and insertion techniques have proven effective. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and fluoroscopy are the staple modalities that guide PAD. PAD is the prototype interventional radiology procedure, providing detection of the abscess by imaging, needling for diagnosis, and catheterization for therapy.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed2005

Intracranial abscesses associated with chronic suppurative otitis media.

Intracranial abscesses are serious complications of chronic suppurative otitis media (COM). This study included 32 patients presenting with intracranial abscesses from 780 patients hospitalized for treatment of COM. The 32 patients had 59 intracranial complications. Perisinus abscess (13 of 32) was the most common intracranial abscess, followed by temporal lobe abscess (8 of 32), epidural abscess (7 of 32), cerebellar abscess (6 of 32) and subdural empyema (2 of 32). Headache (93%), fever (87%) and altered mental status (62%) were the most common presenting symptoms and signs, along with symptoms of COM. All patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics and canal wall down mastoidectomy. Cholesteatoma with granulation tissue and bony defects at the sinus plate and/or dural plate were seen in most of the patients. Gram negative bacilli and anaerobes were the most common organisms cultured from the abscesses. Three patients had neurological sequels. One patient died. The early diagnosis of these complications requires a high index of suspicion and imaging studies. A multidisciplinary and coordinated approach is important for the management of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical studies on the pathophysiology of odontogenic abscesses].

In 26 patients with abscesses in the maxillofacial area, the electrolyte concentrations, pH and osmotic and hydrostatic pressures of the pus fluid were measured and calculated. The main cations identified were sodium (134 +/- 38 mmol/l) and potassium (37 +/- 16 mmol/l) and as anions chloride (183 +/- 46 mmol/l) and bicarbonate (10 +/- 4 mmol/l). The pH value of the pus liquid was 6.164 +/- 0.233. The calculated mean osmotic pressure of the pus liquid was 7910 +/- 1455 mm Hg, whereas the measured physical pressure inside the abscess was 49 +/- 13 mm Hg. Both pressure types show time-dependent pressure curves. With time, the real pressure inside the abscess cavity increases, whereas the osmotic pressure decreases. There was no relationship between the two pressure types and the different species of microorganisms responsible for the inflammation. The results of the study reveal that abscesses can be regarded as osmotically active systems, and the mechanism by which the abscess is formed might be as follows. After penetration of virulent microorganisms into the tissue space, the area of acute inflammation is walled off by the collection of inflammatory cells. Destruction of tissue by products of the polymorphonuclear leucozytes takes place and results in liquefactive necrosis and a hypertonic abscess cavity. The inwards-directed flow of tissue fluids into the cavity via the abscess membrane causes volume expansion and generates pressure, two facts that can explain the swelling dynamics and typical symptoms of abscesses in the maxillofacial area.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Pyogenic and amebic liver abscesses.

Pyogenic and amebic liver abscesses are the two most common hepatic abscesses. Amebic abscesses are more common in areas where Entamoeba histolytica is endemic, whereas pyogenic abscesses are more common in developed countries. Pyogenic abscess severity is dependent on the bacterial source and the underlying condition of the patient. Amebic liver abscess is more prevalent in individuals with suppressed cell-mediated immunity, men, and younger people. The right lobe of the liver is the most likely site of infection in both types of hepatic abscess. Patients usually present with a combination of fever, right-upper-quadrant abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly. Jaundice is more common in the pyogenic abscess. The diagnosis is often delayed and is usually made through a combination of radiologic imaging and microbiologic, serologic, and percutaneous techniques. Treatment involves antibiotics along with percutaneous drainage or surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Genomic prediction and genome-wide association study for liver abscesses in crossbred beef cattle.

Liver abscesses are a concern in feedlot cattle, and little is known about the role of genetics in their development. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with liver abscesses. Crossbred cattle representing 18 breeds in the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center Germplasm Evaluation Program were phenotyped for liver abscesses at slaughter (n&#x2005;=&#x2005;9,044). Seventeen percent of cattle had liver abscesses. These cattle had genotypes that were imputed to sequence variant genotypes. After filtering and quality control, 340,723 SNPs were used in the analysis. Liver abscess prevalence was modeled with a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) threshold model using a Bayesian framework. The model included contemporary group (sex, treatment group, and slaughter date), additive genomic, and residual effects. Genomic heritability was 0.039 (95% highest posterior density&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.005, 0.081), which was very small. To assess prediction quality, a 5-fold random cross-validation structure was used. Method Linear Regression was used to assess accuracy, bias, and dispersion by comparing estimated breeding values (EBV) from full and reduced analyses. Cross-validation metrics showed EBV based on genotypes had 0.05 reliability (SD&#x2005;<&#x2005;0.01) with no bias relative to EBV based on genotypes and phenotypes. For the genome-wide association study, SNP effects were back calculated from the EBV solutions from ssGBLUP. No SNPs were associated with liver abscesses at a Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted 0.05 significance level. Although a large dataset was used, this result was because of the low genomic heritability and imprecise EBV used to calculate SNP effects. Based on these results, environmental factors contribute to most of the variation in liver abscesses. Genetic selection to reduce liver abscesses would be slow because of the low genomic heritability, measurement late in life, and inability to measure breeding animals. A faster approach would be finding additional environmental interventions that maintain animal performance.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Image-guided percutaneous drainage of tuberculous iliopsoas and spondylodiskitic abscesses: midterm results.

PURPOSE: To evaluate midterm results of percutaneous drainage (PD) with image guidance in 21 patients with tuberculous iliopsoas abscesses with or without spondylodiskitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomography (CT)-guided PD was performed in 21 patients with 26 tuberculous iliopsoas abscesses. Nineteen patients had bone involvement of two or more vertebrae. Eleven patients with spondylodiskitis had intradiskal abscesses. Five patients had bilateral psoas abscesses. Easily and safely accessible well-circumscribed abscesses larger than 3 cm were selected for PD. Catheters were inserted into the abscess cavities with Seldinger technique in all cases. In conjunction with PD, all patients had antituberculous drug therapy and underwent clinical and imaging follow-up for at least 1 year. RESULTS: Percutaneous catheter placement was successful in all cases without procedural complications. On the basis of CT findings, complete evacuation of all abscesses was achieved initially. During follow-up, six (29%) of 21 patients had recurrences within 1 and 3 months after catheter removal. A total of 37 catheters were used; eight of the 37 catheters were inserted due to recurrences. Four patients needed two PD procedures, and two patients needed three due to recurrences. Four catheters were changed because of obstruction or dislocation. Drainage duration ranged from 5 to 36 days (mean, 14.9 days). The follow-up period was 12-52 months (mean, 24 months). None of the patients, including those with recurrence, required surgical drainage and débridement due to insufficient PD. CONCLUSION: Image-guided PD in conjunction with antituberculous drug therapy is an effective and safe procedure in the treatment of tuberculous iliopsoas abscesses with or without spondylodiskitis.

Abscess↗
PubMed2001

Deep neck abscess: a retrospective review of 210 cases.

This study was performed to review our experience with deep neck abscesses (DNAs) and compare it to the experiences in the available literature, and to study changing trends within our patient population. We retrospectively studied 210 patients who had DNAs between 1981 and 1998. Peritonsillar abscesses and limited intraoral abscesses were excluded. Demographics, presentation, etiology, site of abscess, associated systemic diseases, bacteriology, radiology, treatment, airway management, and outcome were reviewed. We compared the entire group to those in the available literature and studied changing trends within this patient population. Dental infection (43%) was the most common cause, followed by intravenous drug abuse (12%) and pharyngotonsillitis (6%). The incidences of intravenous drug abuse and mandibular fractures as causes of DNA were 19% and 8%, respectively, during the period 1981 to 1990, but were only 1% each during the period 1991 to 1998. Streptococcus viridans was the most common pathogen (39% of positive cultures), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (22%) and Staphylococcus aureus (22%). Lateral pharyngeal space abscess was the most common DNA (43%), followed by submandibular space abscess, Ludwig's angina, and retropharyngeal space abscess (28%, 17%, and 12%, respectively). Seventy-five percent of patients with true Ludwig's angina underwent tracheotomy. Nondental infections are no longer a significant etiologic factor in DNA. Streptococcus viridans has replaced S aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococci as the most common pathogen. Lateral pharyngeal space abscess was the most common DNA; however, its incidence has progressively decreased over the past decade. Intravenous drug abuse and mandibular fractures are no longer major etiologic factors. Tracheotomy is indicated in patients with Ludwig's angina.

Abscess↗
PubMed2004

Unusual complication of parotid abscess.

Temporal lobe abscess as a complication of parotid abscess is not described in the English literature. In this case report a 66-year-old gentleman is described who presented with a left-sided parotid abscess, which extended to other deep neck spaces, and advanced to develop a temporal lobe abscess and subdural parietal empyema. Treatment included intravenous antibiotics, incision and drainage of parotid abscess, and burr hole aspiration of the temporal lobe abscess. The importance of imaging to evaluate the extent of deep neck abscess and brain abscess is highlighted in this report.

Abscess↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical and bacteriological significance of the Streptococcus milleri group in deep neck abscesses].

Streptococcus constellatus, S. intermedius, and S. anginosus, the three species of the S. milleri group, form part of the normal flora most commonly found in the mouth, throat, gastrointenstinal tract, and genital tract. The S. milleri group has become known as an important pathogen in abscess disease, but little attention has been paid to their role in deep neck abscesses. We have treated 9 patients with deep neck abscesses relating to the S. milleri group since 1991, and regarded this group as an important pathogen also in these abscesses. We studied the frequency of the S. milleri group isolated from deep neck abscesses in our cases and from the literature and discuss clinical significance and bacteriological pathogenesis. Cases numbered 27 treated at our facility since 1991 and 200 cases reported in the Japanese literature since 1990. Of our 9 cases, 4 originated from acute pharyngitis, 3 from peritonsillar abscesses, and 2 from odontogenic infection. Serious complications such as mediastinitis, cervical necrotizing fasciitis, sepsis accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation, and spondylitis of the cervical vertebrae were seen in 4 cases. Among organisms isolated, the S. milleri group appeared to be a pathogen contributing to abscess formation and to serious complications. The genus Streptococcus was most frequently isolated both in our 27 cases (66.7%) and the 200 in the literature (45.5%). Among species of the genus Streptococcus, the S. milleri group numbered the highest in our cases at 33.3% but only 8.5% in the literature. Cases in the literature, however, contained many unknown species of Streptococci--31.5% vs. 18.5% in our cases. alpha-streptococcus was frequently reported in the literature among unknown species of Streptococci--36 of 63. Culture-negative cases were also numbered more in the literature than in our case--29.0% vs. 18.5%. Special conditions and procedures are required to suitably isolate and detect the S. milleri group. Since not all facilities use identical techniques in routine bacteriological examination, a considerable number of the S. milleri group could be missed in unknown species of Streptococci or alpha-streptococcus and culture-negative cases. The detailed pathogenesis of the S. milleri group remains to be clarified. Infection by normal flora on mucosa is thought to occur due to an imbalance between organisms and host defense in deep neck abscesses. Some strains of the S. milleri group have been reported to produce many tissue-destroying enzymes such as collagenase and hyaluronidase. The co-existence of the S. milleri group with some anaerobe strains has also been suggested to accelerate inflammation. We discuss the mechanism inducing the massive release of cytokines through T cell response to certain exotoxins produced by S. milleri group, as reported in toxic shock-like syndrome due to the group A beta-streptococcus and in alpha-streptococcal shock syndrome due to viridans streptococci (alpha-streptococci).

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

[Percutaneous drainage of liver and splenic abscess].

42 patients with solitary (n = 34) and multiple (n = 8) abscesses of the liver (n = 36) and the spleen (n = 6) were treated with ultrasound guided percutaneous interventions. 38 patients (90%) underwent a total of 97 closed abscess aspirations using needles of 0.9 and 1.3 mm in diameter. In 4 cases (10%) percutaneous catheter drainage was performed. Intravenous antibiotics were used in all cases. Those patients with closed abscess aspiration additionally received local injection of aminoglycosides into the cavity. 40 out of the 42 patients could be treated successfully by percutaneous methods for a cure rate of 95.2%. Percutaneous drainage failure occurred in 2.4%. One patient with multiple liver abscesses and catheter drainage died from myocardial infarction (hospital mortality 2.4%). Complications of ultrasound-guided interventions included two minor bleedings, requiring no therapy, and one pleural empyema (complication rate 7.1%). There were no treatment related lethal complications. These results indicate that abscesses of the liver and the spleen up to 10 cm in diameter can be effectively treated by closed (repetitive) needle aspiration and antibiotic therapy with a relatively low rate of complications. About half of our patients with abscesses of more than 10 cm received percutaneous catheter drainage. On the basis of our experience surgical drainage of liver abscesses and splenectomy in splenic abscesses should be restricted to those cases with percutaneous drainage failure.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of 240 cases of liver abscess.

The clinical features and surgical management of 240 cases of liver abscess admitted during a period of five years are presented. Incidence of liver abscess was 0.20 per cent of hospital admissions. A peak age incidence in the 4th decade, male preponderance, pain and fever were the striking features. The majority of the abscesses were localised to a single lobe (90.0%). The abscess was sited in the right lobe in 75.1 per cent, in the left lobe in 18.3 per cent and in both lobes in 6.7 per cent. Elevation and limitation of movement of the right dome of the diaphragm was present in 89.5 per cent of cases. Depending upon therapeutic response, aspiration or/and surgical drainage was undertaken. Aspiration was done in 169 patients and surgical drainage in 63 patients. Management of pyogenic liver abscess included early operative intervention preceded by appropriate antibiotic therapy. Surgical intervention is required less often in amoebic abscess and is recommended only after amoebicidal therapy. Open drainage is recommended for the cases associated with complications, left lobe abscess and big abscess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Minimally invasive treatment of abscesses by CT-controlled drainage with a basket catheter system].

PURPOSE: To examine whether the percutaneous drainage of abscess formations by a new basket catheter system is usefull. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 58 patients with abscesses in different locations and origins have been treated by an interventional radiologic procedure. On the whole 77 basket-catheters were placed under CT-guidance into abscess formations of different size and localization. 36 patients developed an abscess after surgery, two patients achieved abscess drainage after embolisation of a tumor. In 20 patients the abscess was a complication of a septic infectious disease. RESULTS: Open surgery was avoided in 41/58 patients of these patients 9/41 received only percutaneous drainage and 32/41 patients suffering from illness were given antibiotic medication according to the resistogram in combination with percutaneous drainage. 17/58 patients required secondary surgery but with a lower risk because of the smaller abscess volume and the better clinical constitution after percutaneous drainage. CONCLUSIONS: A minimally invasive management of abscesses using a basket-catheter system is successful even in localisations deep inside the body and hard to reach. An irreversible catheter occlusion followed by the implantation of a new catheter system could be avoided in all patients.

Abdominal Abscess↗