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PubMed2006

Reduction of perifollicular arterial blood flow resistance after hCG administration is a good indicator of the recovery of mature oocytes in ART treatment.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate our hypothesis that a correlation exists between oocyte maturity and a decrease in intraovarian blood flow resistance in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment cycles, oocyte maturity and total antioxidant status (TAOS) in follicular fluid was examined. METHODS: A total of 59 cycles involving 51 infertile patients undergoing ART treatment in our hospital were recruited in this study. The ART cycles were divided into two groups: deeply decreased (DD) group and not-deeply decreased (NDD) group, according to the pulsatility index (PI) values for perifollicular arterial blood flow before and after hCG administration. The PI values that showed a decrease in their PI after hCG administration of 10% or more were defined "deeply decreased" and showed a decrease of less than 10% were considered "not-deeply decreased." The recovery rates of mature and immature oocytes and TAOS in follicular fluid were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Mature and immature oocyte recovery rates in the DD group (62.5% and 17.2%) were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than those in the NDD group (41.7% and 38.3%, p < 0.05). The TAOS (1.55 +/- 0.44 mmol/L) of the DD group was significantly lower than that in the NDD group (1.68 +/- 0.47 mmol/L, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in intraovarian arterial blood flow resistance measured after hCG administration may be a good indicator of retrieving mature oocyte.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2006

Policy efforts to prevent ART-related preterm birth.

At 12.5%, the preterm birth rate is the highest it has ever been in the US. In tandem with the rise in preterm birth is a dramatic increase in multiple birth rates. The recent trend of delayed maternal age at first birth and the associated use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have led to the increase in multiple gestation and its attendant increased risk for preterm birth. While ARTs are not responsible for the majority of preterm births, the attributable fraction has increased, is iatrogenic- and preventable. Despite widespread recognition of this problem, the rate of associated twin gestation has not decreased. We offer options for policymakers on several levels--from medical to health systems to societal policy--to decrease ART-related preterm births.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1989

Suppression of P2-T cell line-mediated experimental autoimmune neuritis by interleukin-2 receptor targeted monoclonal antibody ART 18.

The monoclonal antibody ART 18 directed to the rat interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2 R) was administered to Lewis rats immediately prior to and/or on consecutive days after adoptive transfer of autoreactive P2-T line lymphocytes. The effects of ART 18 and sham treatment on the development of adoptive transfer--experimental autoimmune neuritis (AT-EAN) were assessed by clinical inspection, serial electrophysiological monitoring, and semiquantitative histomorphological analysis. Early injection of ART 18 suppressed AT-EAN while treatment after appearance of clinical signs did not. Since the IL-2 R is expressed exclusively on proliferating T cells activated by antigen, the in vivo application of an IL-2 R-targeted monoclonal antibody allows for more selective immunosuppression of experimental autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system than has previously been achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Chiropractic and the clinical art.

Chiropractic is the largest 'unorthodox' health profession in the U.S.A. It is licensed in all 50 states and its services are covered by governmental and private health insurance. Yet chiropractic remains, in the opinion of medical commentators, an unscientific healing cult. Chiropractic holds that much illness is caused, directly or indirectly, by derangements in homeostasis that result from subtle vertebral malalignments called 'subluxations'. Only a minority of 'straight' chiropractors continue to provide spinal manipulation as their only modality, while the majority 'mixers' have embraced physical therapy, vitamin supplements and a wide variety of drugless treatments. Clinical trials suggest that spinal manipulation itself has short-term benefit in back pain, but the success of chiropractic is not fully explained by that effect. The clinical art, though, as manifested in the chiropractor-patient interaction contributes greatly to chiropractic healing. This process promotes patient acceptance and validation, fulfills expectations, provides explanations and engages the patient's commitment. The same process lies at the core of the 'art of medicine'. Seeing the clinical art as it functions in chiropractic can help us to understand its independent power in medicine.

Back Pain↗
PubMed2006

ART: iatrogenic multiple pregnancy?

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are now widely accepted as effective treatment for most causes of infertility. With improving success rates, attention has turned to the problem of multiple pregnancies, which are associated with a poor perinatal outcome, maternal complications and significant financial consequences. The challenge is to reduce multigestational pregnancies while maintaining good treatment outcomes. Methods to prevent multiple pregnancy include restrictive use of ART in couples with a good chance of spontaneous pregnancy, cautious use of gonadotrophins, and increased use of natural-cycle intra-uterine insemination and elective single embryo transfer in in-vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The aim of this article is to review the contribution of fertility treatment to multiple pregnancies and strategies for reducing multiples in ART.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed2005

Performance of ten inbred mouse strains following assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs).

Superovulation, in vitro fertilization, embryo cryopreservation, and embryo transfer are assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) widely used in laboratory mice. Inbred strains of mice have inherent genetic differences that cause them to respond differently to these technologies. Knowing how common inbred strains will perform when used for ARTs will ensure the most efficient use of mice, time, and resources. In this study, we characterized the ability of 10 inbred strains: 129S1/SvImJ, A/J, BALB/cJ, BALB/cByJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, NOD/LtJ, and SJL/J to superovulate, fertilize in vitro, and produce live pups subsequent to embryo transfer. Three-week-old female mice were superovulated using eCG (5.0 IU) and hCG (5.0 IU). The resulting oocytes were fertilized in vitro in human tubal fluid medium with spermatozoa of the same strain. The following day, two-cell embryos were either transferred into pseudopregnant recipient females or cryopreserved. The cryopreserved embryos were later thawed and transferred into pseudopregnant recipient females. Differences in response to superovulation, fertilization, and number of live born produced after embryo transfer were observed between strains, substantiating the influence of genetic variability on ARTs. The response to the superovulation treatment varied among strains and ranged from 5+/-1(A/J) to 40+/-3 (129S1/SvImJ) normal oocytes per female. The average proportion of oocytes that fertilized ranged among strains from 24% (129S1/SvImJ) to 93% (DBA/2J and A/J). The average proportion of two-cell embryos that were transferred into recipient females and subsequently developed into live pups varied from 5% (A/J) to 53% (C57BL/6J) for fresh embryos and from 18% (BALB/cByJ) to 45% (129S1/SvImJ) for thawed embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Bacteria isolated from rock art paintings: the case of Atlanterra shelter (south Spain).

The Sierra de la Plata is an Aljibe yellow sandstone formation from the Acheulian period. There are a few shelters, some of them with rock art paintings. The most representative one, and subjected to anthropogenic pressure, is that of Atlanterra, situated in a residential area. This shelter contains some rock art paintings made with iron oxides. The bacteria present in these paintings were isolated and identified using an automatic method: fatty acid methyl esters profiling. Most of the bacteria belong to the Bacillus genus, B. megaterium being the most abundant species. The isolated strains are able to reduce hematite. This is significant due to the fact that Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides are the most abundant pigments in rock art.

Bacillus↗
PubMed2000

The application of quality systems in ART programs.

A quality control (QC) system is needed in ART units to assure reproducibility of all methods and competence in all duties performed by the personnel. The necessity of a quality control system becomes even clearer when considering the possible risks of ART. It is therefore essential to have a system to assure that everybody knows exactly how everything should be done. Furthermore, a QC system should bring about improvements such as making activities and procedures clearer to the staff and making the working methods more flexible. QC was initially created for the industry, and has later been applied to other types of activities such as management of organizations, services like health care including different types of clinical testing laboratories. To maintain a high standard in our IVF laboratory, and to assure reproducibility of the methods used we decided to apply for accreditation according to the European Norm (EN) 45001 and requirements for the competence of testing laboratories ISO/IEC Guide 25. A process was started where all routines and methods within the laboratory were documented and finally the QC system was described in a quality manual. Application for accreditation was submitted to the Swedish board for accreditation and conformity assessment (SWEDAC). Our ART laboratory finally became accredited according to the EN 45001 and requirements for the competence of testing laboratories ISO/IEC Guide 25. Introducing and fully implementing a quality control system in our laboratory has standardized the methods and the way that the embryologists perform their work in the laboratory. It has also optimized the environment in which the patient's gametes and embryos are handled.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2002

Category regions as new geometrical concepts in Fuzzy-ART and Fuzzy-ARTMAP.

In this paper we introduce novel geometric concepts, namely category regions, in the original framework of Fuzzy-ART (FA) and Fuzzy-ARTMAP (FAM). The definitions of these regions are based on geometric interpretations of the vigilance test and the F2 layer competition of committed nodes with uncommitted ones, that we call commitment test. It turns out that not only these regions have the same geometrical shape (polytope structure), but they also share a lot of common and interesting properties that are demonstrated in this paper. One of these properties is the shrinking of the volume that each one of these polytope structures occupies, as training progresses, which alludes to the stability of learning in FA and FAM, a well-known result. Furthermore, properties of learning of FA and FAM are also proven utilizing the geometrical structure and properties that these regions possess; some of these properties were proven before using counterintuitive, algebraic manipulations and are now demonstrated again via intuitive geometrical arguments. One of the results that is worth mentioning as having practical ramifications is the one which states that for certain areas of the vigilance-choice parameter space (rho,a), the training and performance (testing) phases of FA and FAM do not depend on the particular choices of the vigilance parameter. Finally, it is worth noting that, although the idea of the category regions has been developed under the premises of FA and FAM, category regions are also meaningful for later developed ART neural network structures, such as ARTEMAP, ARTMAP-IC, Boosted ARTMAP, Micro-ARTMAP, Ellipsoid-ART/ARTMAP, among others.

Fuzzy Logic↗
PubMed2001

Application of the ART-2a algorithm to laser ablation aerosol mass spectrometry of particle standards.

Single-particle mass spectrometers are now commonly used to analyze atmospheric particles and generate tens of thousands of spectra from typical measurement campaigns. The ART-2a spectrum algorithm has been used to classify these spectra. In this work, we generate a range of particles that are models of those that are common in the atmosphere. A single-particle mass spectrometer is used to analyze these known particles, and the spectra are classified using ART-2a. The optimum vigilance parameter is approximately 0.5 while the optimum learning rate is approximately 0.05. The classifications elucidate limitations in generation of test particles, their analysis by single-particle techniques, and their classification by ART-2a.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Palaeolithic ivory sculptures from southwestern Germany and the origins of figurative art.

Archaeologists have always viewed the origin of figurative art as a crucial threshold in human evolution. Here I report the discovery of three figurines carved from mammoth ivory at Hohle Fels Cave in the Swabian Jura of southwestern Germany, which provides new evidence for the appearance of figurative art more than 30,000 years ago. The finds include the oldest known representation of a bird, a therianthropic sculpture and an animal that most closely resembles a horse. The Aurignacian sculptures of the Swabian Jura belong to one of the oldest traditions of figurative art known worldwide and point to the Upper Danube as an important centre of cultural innovation during the early Upper Palaeolithic period.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Current progress of China's free ART program.

China's Free ART Program was initiated in 2002 as an emergency response to save and improve the lives of AIDS patients living mainly in impoverished rural regions of central China. With little experience in HIV/AIDS treatment and care and resource limitations, China's efforts to provide widespread access to free antiretroviral therapy has been a process fraught with difficulty. However, the Free ART Program is progressing from an emergency response to a standardized treatment and care system. The development of national guidelines, training programs, a laboratory support network, a national patient database, programs for special populations such as children and patients living with co-infections, and operational research has improved the scope and quality of the free treatment program. As of June 30, 2005, a total of 19,456 patients in 28 provinces, autonomous regions, and special municipalities had received free ART. Challenges stemming from the nature of China's health system and patient population persist, but with strong government support and a diverse set of resources, China has the capacity to overcome these challenges and to provide nationwide access to high quality treatment and care.

Anti-Retroviral Agents↗
PubMed2001

Nail art: a review of current infection control issues.

Nail art or nail technology is a form of nail decoration which frequently entails applying extensions to the natural nail and then adding decorative effects. There have been a number of outbreaks of infection which have implicated nail art. These infections are likely to be as a result of difficulties in cleaning and maintaining the nail extensions. Nail art appears to be incompatible with clinical care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A picture of a work of art as an empathy teaching strategy in nurse education complementary to theoretical knowledge.

A randomized study was performed to investigate whether a teaching intervention program using a reproduction of Edvard Munch's painting, "The Sick Girl," stimulated student nurses to engage in learning about empathy. A control group was used to control for effects of the visual art dialogues in the intervention group. The study was undertaken at a university college of health science in Sweden. Data were collected from student nurses (n = 144) during their first study year. The result showed a significant improvement in the visual art group compared with the matched control group. Students in the visual art group were more engaged in learning about empathy when measured with the Wheel Questionnaire parameters of structure, motivation, and emotional investment. The present study supported the idea that Edvard Munch's painting could be used in nurse education complementary to theoretical knowledge on empathy to stimulate student nurses to engage in empathy learning.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Losing touch with the healing art: dermatology and the decline of pastoral doctoring.

Technological advance in society and medicine has brought tremendous improvements and convenience but also a degree of depersonalization. The personal and pastoral aspects of medical practice, which are probably more important in helping patients toward health than we realize, are becoming increasingly stifled by health care systems which are increasingly "scientific," technological, and "efficient." Clinical practice in dermatology requires pastoral as well as technical skills, art as well as science, and yet the balance of current medical culture increasingly favors and encourages "science" over "art." In dermatology, this bias is evident in a reductionist focus of research, the move towards evidence-based medicine and the emergence of teledermatology. Although all these developments are extremely important and valuable, their effect on the doctor-patient relationship needs to be considered carefully. Increasingly rapid scientific advance is paradoxically providing diminishing returns for patients and the healing art is still very much in demand.

Dermatology↗
PubMed2001

The influence of presentation format and viewer training in the visual arts on the perception of pictorial and aesthetic qualities of paintings.

The comparability of viewers' responses to slide-projected and computer-generated images of nine paintings by renowned artists to those obtained from individuals experiencing the originals in the galleries of the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art was investigated. The influence of training in the visual arts upon evaluative judgments made under the three presentation formats was also assessed. Specifically, art-trained and untrained participants in each format condition rated each artwork on sixteen measures of physical and structural characteristics, novelty of content, and aesthetic qualities. Analyses revealed significant differences in the judged hedonic value of the originals as contrasted with the two types of reproduction, whereas trained and untrained participants' evaluations of the pictorial qualities of the artworks were comparable across presentation formats. Findings are discussed in terms of a facsimile-accommodation hypothesis proposed by the authors.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Intragenic cis-acting art gene-responsive sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus.

The art gene product of the human immunodeficiency virus is required for the expression of virion capsid and envelope gene proteins. The experiments presented here show that sequences located within the coding region of the envelope gene exert a negative effect on the expression of heterologous genes and that the negative effect of these sequences can be relieved by the art gene product. This region in the env gene contains negative regulatory sequences that inhibit gene expression, as well as a sequence necessary for the art gene product-dependent relief of repression. The experiments define the cis- and trans-acting components of a regulatory system that permits differential expression of human immunodeficiency virus virion structural and regulatory proteins.

Capsid↗
PubMed2004

Studies of the interaction of substituted mutants of BAX with yeast mitochondria reveal that the C-terminal hydrophobic alpha-helix is a second ART sequence and plays a role in the interaction with anti-apoptotic BCL-xL.

The role of the two ends of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX in its interaction with mitochondria was challenged by assaying substituted mutants in yeast cells for the ability to bind and insert into the mitochondrial membrane and to promote the release of cytochrome c. Mutations at the N-terminal end confirmed the inhibitory function of this zone, known as apoptotic regulation of targeting (ART). On the other hand, mutations at the C-terminal end of the protein support the hypothesis that the hydrophobic helix alpha9 is not required for the insertion of BAX. In addition, three mutations (a T174D single substitution in the helix alpha9, a K189E/K190E double substitution at the end of the protein, and a P168A mutation in the loop before alpha9) exhibited a strong binding capacity, a strong insertion, as well as high ability to induce cytochrome c release. Considering the positions of these mutations and their potential effect on the movement of helix alpha9, we propose that the C-terminal end of the protein behaves like a second ART. Also, opposite to a mutation that changes the conformation of the N-terminal ART, the mutations in the C-terminal part of the protein impaired the inhibitory effect of anti-apoptotic BCL-xL over BAX insertion, suggesting that the conformation of the alpha9-helix plays a significant role in BAX/BCL-xL interaction.

Amino Acid Sequence↗