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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Gross and microscopic changes in the viscera induced by photodynamic therapy applied to the lower abdomen of intact rats.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach to the treatment of cancer. Preferential retention of the photosensitizer by malignant tissue has been considered a hallmark of this treatment modality. However, photosensitivity can be observed in normal, non-neoplastic tissues, and the present study investigated the effects of PDT treatment on the abdomen of intact rats. A circular region (1 cm diameter) on the shaved abdomen of Fischer rats, pretreated 24 h prior with Photofrin II, was irradiated for 30 min at 632 nm. Control animals received either photoradiation or Photofrin II administration. Subsequent lesions were observed in the irradiated skin, its associated abdominal wall, and the underlying gut in rats receiving Photofrin II and laser irradiation. All tissues were not equally sensitive to PDT treatment. Gut lesions were consistently more severe than were skin and abdominal wall injuries. By 24 hr after treatment, the gut manifested a transmural hemorrhagic necrosis, while the irradiated skin and abdominal wall were edematous, with an inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis and around occasional swollen myocytes. These results indicate that superficial lesions induced by PDT may not be reliable indicators of the extent of deeper PDT tissue damage. Further, it may be possible to take advantage of this discrepancy in tissue sensitivity and treat deep tissues through less sensitive superficial tissues.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1999

Identification of a human homolog of the Drosophila rotated abdomen gene (POMT1) encoding a putative protein O-mannosyl-transferase, and assignment to human chromosome 9q34.1.

We have isolated a human gene homologous to Drosophila melanogaster rotated abdomen, rt, a poorly viable recessive mutation causing a clockwise twisted abdomen in affected flies due to defects in embryonic muscle development. The human gene, like rt, encodes a protein with high homology to the yeast mannosyl-transferases (Pmts) and has been named POMT1. POMT1 is expressed as a 3.1-kb transcript in all tissues tested, with highest levels in testis and fetal brain. Alternative splicing of several exons in all tissues predicts the generation of several protein isoforms. The most common mRNA variant encodes a 725-aa protein with 40% identity and 62.5% similarity to rt, as well as 30.5% identity and 54% similarity to yeast Pmts. Computer prediction of protein sorting suggests that the POMT1 product could be an integral protein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Given the strong conservation of protein motifs between POMT1 and the yeast Pmts, POMT1 may function as a mannosyl-transferase involved in O-mannosylation of proteins, being the first of such a class found in mammals. The POMT1 locus has been assigned to human chromosome 9q34.1 by somatic cell hybrids, radiation hybrids, and linkage analysis. On the basis of the rt phenotype, POMT1 could be a candidate for uncharacterized genetic disorders of the muscular system, such as some forms of congenital muscular dystrophy or congenital myopathy.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Metastatic breast carcinoma to the abdomen and pelvis.

OBJECTIVE: The role of surgical resection of metastatic breast cancer to the abdomen and pelvis is controversial. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics, surgical management, and outcome of women with a history of breast adenocarcinoma who developed abdominal or pelvic metastases during follow-up. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 female patients with documented invasive breast cancer who were referred to the Gynecology Service between 1986 and 1995 and were found to have metachronous abdominal and/or pelvic metastases. RESULTS: The median patient age at exploration by the Gynecology Service was 53.5 years (range 27-79 years), and the median interval from breast cancer diagnosis to exploration was 80 months (range 9-264 months). The majority of patients, 32 (80%), had a preoperative diagnosis of a new pelvic mass or suspected abdominal carcinomatosis. With a median follow-up of 14.2 months following the diagnosis of abdominal or pelvic metastasis, the median survival for all patients was 24.1 months. Patients who had no gross residual disease in the abdomen or pelvis after surgery had a median survival of 41.6 months, which did not significantly differ from those with gross residual < or =2 cm (16.1 months) or >2 cm (18.4 months) (P = 0.624). CONCLUSION: Metachronous abdominal and pelvic metastases from breast cancer may appear many years following initial diagnosis and are often operated on by gynecologists because of their clinical presentation. Surgical resection may be indicated in some symptomatic patients; however, the survival advantage of surgical cytoreduction remains to be determined.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Bidirectional spread of disease via the subperitoneal space: the lower abdomen and left pelvis.

In early fetal life a persistent interconnection between the peritoneum and retroperitoneum of the abdomen and pelvis is formed--the subperitoneal space (SS). This paper serves to complete the description of the specific anatomical nuances of the SS as they relate to the bidirectional direct spread of disease in the left lower abdomen and pelvis. Described are the two avenues of communication (central and lateral pathways) within this portion of the SS. Selected cases illustrating the bidirectional spread of disease processes within this portion of the SS are reported.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Bronchogenic cyst in the abdomen.

A bronchogenic cyst was found in the abdomen, in the retroperitoneum adjacent to the superior pancreatic body. The cyst was unilocular and contained about 100 ml pale yellow mucinous fluid. Microscopic examination revealed a pseudostratified columnar ciliated or cuboidal epithelium, seromucous glands, smooth muscle and cartilage, the distinctive features of bronchogenic cysts. This aberrant location of the cyst is explicable if abnormal buds of the tracheobronchial tree are pinched off and migrate into the abdomen in an early embryonic stage before the canal linking the abdominal with the thoracic cavity is closed by fusion of the future components of the diaphragm.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1995

A new instrument for the measurement of rib cage and abdomen circumference variation in respiration at rest and during exercise.

A simple and inexpensive new extensometer for measuring changes in chest wall circumference during human respiratory movements is presented. The instrument detects the delay between ultrasound emission and reception at opposite ends of two rubber tubes encircling the rib cage and abdomen. Assuming a two degree of freedom model of the chest wall and employing an isovolume procedure for determination of volume-motion coefficients, extensometer estimation of tidal volume (VT) from changes of rib cage and abdomen circumference was compared with spirometer measurements at rest and during exercise on a cycle ergometer (55-155 W) in six subjects and, in four of them, on a treadmill (4-12 km.h-1). In three subjects hypercapnic hyperpnoea at rest was also studied. The slopes of the linear relationship between extensometer and spirometer VT (litres) averaged 0.9967 (SD 0.0117) (r2 = 0.995-0.998; n = 90-143) for cycle ergometer exercise, 1.0072 (SD 0.0078) (r2 = 0.991-0.998; n = 75-93) for treadmill exercise and 0.9942 (SD 0.0188) (r2 = 0.997-0.998; n = 18-25) for hypercapnic hyperpnoea. In all instances the slope of the regression line was consistent with the model of the identity line (slope = 1). The changes in end-expiratory lung volume between respiration at rest and during exercise were determined by the extensometers, and were nearly identical (98.4% on average) to those measured with the spirometer (r2 = 0.945; n = 24). It is concluded that determination of chest wall circumference with this new instrument is suitable for quantitative measurement of ventilation and lung volume variations in humans under most physiological conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

On the infectivity of early third-stage Brugia larvae isolated from the abdomen of Aedes aegypti.

Third-stage larvae (L3) of Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and B. pahangi are known to be recovered not only from the head and thorax but also from the abdomen of dissected vector mosquitoes. For epidemiological reasons, was of interest to determine whether L3 larvae from the abdomen of the vector would be infectious for the final host. Early abdominal L3 larvae of B. pahangi isolated as early as on day 7 post-infection (p.i.) from Aedes aegypti were injected s.c. into five male Meriones unguiculatus. Four of the five jirds were microfilaria-positive after 67 days.

Aedes↗
PubMed1992

The bubble sign in the gasless abdomen of the newborn.

The bubble sign (BS) in the gasless abdomen of the newborn is a helpful clue in the diagnosis of an upper gastrointestinal obstruction. The already swallowed air serves as the natural contrast agent. The single, double and triple BS are described in view of 23 cases indicating the level of the obstruction, and its differential diagnosis is discussed. The presence of BS in the gasless abdomen of the newborn is an indication for surgery until proved otherwise. With the increasing experience by ultrasonography, this modality should be considered as the first bed-side procedure when suspecting upper gastrointestinal obstruction, and then be confirmed by radiograms.

Air↗
PubMed1976

Computed tomography of the abdomen: initial experience.

Computed tomography has provided a new dimension in the roentgenologic evaluation of the abdomen. Normal structures not visible on conventional examinations are clearly identified. Abnormalities are recognized by their alterations in anatomic form or by their effect on tissue absorption values. Our early experience suggests that in the abdomen computed tomography will be most valuable in detecting lesions in those sites least accessible to conventional roentgenographic methods such as the liver, spleen, pancreas and retroperitoneum.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Acute abdomen].

Acute abdomen is not a disease entity on its own but describes a critical state of the patient which can be caused by numerous diseases. The surgeon and internist have to apply an interdisciplinary approach to enable a rapid decision on whether immediate laparotomy is mandatory. Few appropriate diagnostic procedures support decision making. In many cases there is an indication for immediate surgery, such as perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer, acute appendicitis, diverticulitis, ruptured aortic aneurysm, mechanic ileus, infarction of the mesenteric artery. This review is mainly focused on diseases which may present as acute abdomen but for which surgery is usually not indicated, such as acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, one also has to consider rare diseases in which laparotomy would clearly be a mistake, such as acute intermittent porphyria or intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1998

[MRI of the abdomen combined with enteroclysis in Crohn disease using oral and intravenous Gd-DTPA].

In spite of the improved MR-diagnosis of the abdomen, MRI is not used as a routine method for the diagnosis of inflammatory small bowel disease. The aim of this study was--after optimazation of the bowel opacification--the correlation of the findings obtained with enteroclysis and MRI in patients with known Crohns' disease. 60 patients between 17 and 72 years of age were investigated. First, an enteroclysis was performed in typical manner. The applicated methylcellulosis was blended with positive oral MR contrast media (Magnevist oral, Schering). After enteroclysis, MRI of the abdomen was performed using T1- and T2-weighted breathhold sequences (Flash 2D pre- and postcontrast and TSE) in axial and coronal planes. The length of the affected bowel and the stenosis seen with enteroclysis correlated well with the visible thickening of the small bowel wall and the stenosis seen in MRI. Using MRI, additional findings could be obtained in 28 patients, such as fistulas, abscesses or a hydronephrosis, or a better assessment of the stenosis was possible with MRI, because of the avoidance of overshadowing of the affected bowel loop with MRI. A brilliant MR-tomographic imaging of the small bowel is possible under the condition, that the small bowel contrast is optimal. The main prerequisite is a large filling volume of the small bowel to reach a homogeneous contrast and a good distension of the small bowel lumen.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New indications in the approach to the pendulous abdomen.

The appearance of the superficial liposuction technique has permitted the surgeon to advance in his indications for treating localized lipodystrophy, without skin resection. With the cutaneous retraction phenomenon that follows superficial liposuction, pendulous abdomen, which was once treated by classical dermolipectomies, can now be treated with liposuction alone, obtaining satisfactory results. The authors recommend this form of treatment for patients with pendulous abdomen and with good skin quality, with few or no stretch marks, and with little or no diastasis of the rectoabdominal musculature.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1998

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the abdomen: report of a case.

We report herein the case of a 38-year-old woman in whom a large tumor, 15 cm in diameter, was detected in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. The tumor was removed and histological examination indicated that it was an inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT). IPT is not completely understood, but according to the few documented cases of IPT of the abdomen, its clinical behavior is benign and no recurrence has ever been reported. Thus, local resection is the most effective treatment.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Isolated severe renal injuries after minimal blunt trauma to the upper abdomen and flank: CT findings.

Renal injuries caused by blunt abdominal trauma are common in children. Serious renal trauma is associated with insult to other organs, whereas isolated renal injuries are usually minor. We present the cases of six male children (aged 7-17 years) with major isolated renal injuries due to minimal blunt trauma to the upper adbomen and/or the flank, out of a total of 21 children admitted with renal trauma in a 5-years period. On physical examination all patients had a painful, tender abdomen and/or flank with ipsilateral bruises and ecchymosis. Hematuria, either macro ( n=4) or micro ( n=2), was found in all. The injuries were left-sided in five and were of a variable severity (grade III: n=2; grade IV: n=3; grade V: n=1 according to the kidney injury scale of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma). Four children underwent nephrectomy. This small series underlines that major kidney insult can occur after a minimal blunt trauma localized to the flank or upper abdomen. Abdominal CT should be performed when clinical or laboratory findings or the mechanism of trauma suggest renal injury.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Biomechanics of the human chest, abdomen, and pelvis in lateral impact.

Fourteen unembalmed cadavers were subjected to 44 blunt lateral impacts at velocities of approximately 4.5, 6.7, or 9.4 m/s with a 15 cm flat circular interface on a 23.4 kg pendulum accelerated to impact speed by a pneumatic impactor. Chest and abdominal injuries consisted primarily of rib fractures, with a few cases of lung or liver laceration in the highest severity impacts. There were two cases of pubic ramus fracture in the pelvic impacts. Logist analysis of the biomechanical responses and injury indicated that the maximum Viscous response had a slightly better correlation with injury than maximum compression for chest and abdominal impacts. A tolerance level of VC = 1.47 m/s for the chest and VC = 1.98 m/s for the abdomen were determined for a 25% probability of critical injury. Maximum compression was similarly set at C = 38% for the chest and at C = 44% for the abdomen. The experiments indicate that chest and abdominal injury may occur by a viscous mechanism during the rapid phase of body compression, and that the Viscous and compression responses are effective, complementary measures of injury risk in side impact. Although serious pelvic injury was infrequent, lateral public ramus fracture correlated with compression of the pelvis, not impact force or pelvic acceleration. Pelvic tolerance was set at 27% compression.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1976

Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of blunt and penetrating injuries to the abdomen.

Laparoscopy was evaluated in thirty-seven patients from a group of 132 consecutive patients who were treated for blunt or penetrating injury to the abdomen. A total of twenty-three patients underwent laparoscopy and laparotomy. The findings at laparotomy correlated with laparoscopy. Fourteen patients underwent laparoscopy only, and there were no proved false-negative results. Of the 132 patients considered for laparotomy, 118 underwent abdominal exploration. Laparotomy was considered unnecessary in twenty-five of the 118 patients (21 per cent) and in retrospect, laparoscopy could have identified in each patient the presence of a minor injury or no injury at all. Laparoscopy is a useful method for evaluating blunt and penetrating injuries to the abdomen in selected patients.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1990

The impact of whole-abdomen radiotherapy on survival in advanced ovarian cancer patients with minimal residual disease after chemotherapy.

Between March 1982 and March 1987, 26 patients with minimal residual epithelial ovarian cancer after cisplatin-based chemotherapy were treated with whole-abdomen irradiation [moving-strip technique (MST)] with or without pelvic boost. Prior to radiation residual disease was macroscopic (less than or equal to 0.5 cm) in 8 cases and microscopic (positive random biopsies) in 18 cases (8 diffuse, 10 localized). Eighty percent of patients completed the planned therapy, 34% with interruptions secondary to hematologic or gastrointestinal toxicity. With a median follow-up time from completion of radiotherapy of 24 months, 34.6% of patients remain alive. The 3-year survival rates (from the second-look procedure) are 50% for the patients with microscopic tumor and 25% for those with macroscopic residual disease. Progression-free intervals are statistically different in the two groups: 16.9 months for microscopic residuals and 6.16 months for macroscopic tumors (P = 0.037). All but two of the recurrences were in the irradiated field (pelvis and/or abdomen); one was distant (pleural) and one only retroperitoneal. Small bowel injury was the most limiting complication: 3.8% was registered as fatal acute enteritis and 19% as late obstruction or malabsorption syndrome, necessitating surgical intervention in 10% of treated cases.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Application of computed tomography in differential diagnosis of radiographic opacities in the lower thorax and upper abdomen.

The differential diagnosis of radiographic homogeneous opacities in the lower thorax and upper abdomen is very often a dilemma for radiologists. Recently we have encountered the following 8 cases in which the correct radiologic diagnoses (confirmed pathologically) were made only by computed tomography: pyogenic liver abscesses (2 cases), subphrenic hematoma, pancreatitis with pseudocyst, adrenal cortical carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma with liver metastasis, lower lobe pulmonary infarction, and metastatic breast cancer in the peri-esophageal region. The CT findings displayed not only the anatomic location and extent of these lesions but also the unique characteristics of many of the pathologic processes that produce these otherwise nonspecific radiographic opacities. It is our purpose here to demonstrate the CT findings in such patients and to advocate CT study as a very effective diagnostic modality in those patients who present with radiographic homogeneous opacities in the lower thorax and upper abdomen.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗