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Results for “olfaction”

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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Isolation of an olfactory cDNA: similarity to retinol-binding protein suggests a role in olfaction.

Molecular cloning techniques were used to isolate and characterize a protein possibly involved in the signal transducing system in olfactory tissue of the frog Rana pipiens. A complementary DNA library was constructed with messenger RNA obtained from frog olfactory neuroepithelium. A 700-base pair complementary DNA clone encoding a protein with a molecular weight of 20,300 was identified by differential hybridization analysis with polyadenylated RNA from olfactory epithelium and nonsensory respiratory epithelium. The messenger RNA corresponding to this clone was abundant in the cells of Bowman's glands in olfactory tissue but not in respiratory epithelium nor in several other tissues. The predicted sequence of this protein is homologous to members of a family of proteins that bind and transport small molecules in serum, suggesting that this protein may also bind and transport odorants in the mucus secreted by Bowman's glands.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1977

First suckling response of the newborn albino rat: the roles of olfaction and amniotic fluid.

Washing the nipples of anesthetized parturient rats virtually eliminated nipple attachment by their young. Normal attachment was induced only by painting the washed nipples with a distillate of the nipple wash, parturient-mother saliva, or her amniotic fluids. Reinstatement was not achieved by coating the washed nipples with the saliva of virgin females eating the same diet, the parturient mother's urine, isotonic saline, amyl acetate, or vanilla extract. These experiments also provide behavioral evidence for olfactory function in the newborn albino rat.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1961

Olfaction tests.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1966

Olfaction.

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Animals↗
PubMed1989

Molecular physiology of olfaction.

Olfactory reception is mediated by olfactory receptor cells located in the olfactory epithelium. These cells are bipolar neurons that extend a dendrite toward the nasal lumen and an axon toward the olfactory bulb in the brain. The dendrite possesses a group of apical cilia embedded in mucus. Odorant recognition and signal transduction are initiated at the membranes of these chemosensory cilia and culminate in excitation of the olfactory receptor cell. Differential activation by odorants of distinct groups of olfactory receptor cells generates patterns of neuronal activity that encode odor quality and concentration. The identities of primary odorant recognition sites at the ciliary membrane remain to be established. However, a significant body of information has become available with respect to olfactory transduction mechanisms. It is now becoming clear that olfactory transduction involves the interplay of several second messenger systems to control the responses of these exquisitely sensitive chemosensory neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Temporal resolution in olfaction II: time course of recovery from adaptation in lobster chemoreceptor cells.

1. Adaptation and disadaptation rates determine the temporal response properties of sensory receptor cells. In chemoreception, temporal filter properties of receptor cells are poorly understood. We studied the time course of disadaptation in lobster antennular chemoreceptor cells by using in situ high-resolution stimulus measurement and extracellularly recorded spike responses. Fifteen receptor cells were each tested with two series (one at 10 microM, one at 100 microM) of three odor (hydroxyproline) pulses: a 200-ms test pulse, a 5-s adapting pulse, and a 200-ms probe pulse after time intervals ranging from 1 to 60 s. After complete adaptation by the adapting pulse, individual cells recovered at different rates. After 1 s, a third of the cells responded with a mean response of 3 spikes/cell, representing approximately 20% recovery. All cells fully recovered between 10 and 30 s. Mean full recovery was within 25 s, with a time constant of 14 s, independent of stimulus concentration.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

Olfaction: from odorant molecules to the olfactory cortex.

How do we smell? Our knowledge of how odor information from the environment is perceived has greatly advanced since the discovery of approximately 1,000 genes for odorant receptors in the mammalian genome. From the combination of molecular-genetic, electrophysiological, and optical imaging studies a better understanding of how we smell is emerging.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

How We Smell: The Molecular and Cellular Bases of Olfaction.

Three models for the perception of odor molecules are suggested for the first time by experimental data. These studies illustrate how the nose may smell. Moreover, they suggest additional role(s) for odor receptors within and outside the olfactory system.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Olfaction in multiple sclerosis. With a note on the discrepancy between optic and olfactory involvement.

Serial binary dilutions of amyl acetate and nitrobenzene were used in a double-blind test to determine olfactory acuity of 40 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Similar determinations were made on 24 age- and sex-matched controls. Results of repeated measurements on 18 patients indicated that the methodology was reliably reproducible. When mean olfactory threshold on MS patients was compared with that of the controls no differences could be found. Among the MS patients, olfactory threshold did not vary with the presence or absence of optic involvement and correlated poorly with the degree of disability. These results are in disagreement with those of WENDER and SZMEJA who reported olfactory dysfunction in 18 out of 52 MS patients. Our findings are compatible with the observations of ZIMMERMAN and NETSKY who failed to find any plaques in olfactory tracts of MS brains. The significance of this disparity between involvement of optic and olfactory systems, both of which contain central myelin, is discussed. Available biochemical evidence suggests that, as postulated by LUMSDEN, sparing of olfactory tracts may in part be related to the relatively lower basic protein content of these structures.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗