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PubMed2003

Volume regression of abdominal aortic aneurysms and its relation to successful endoluminal exclusion.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluating the success of endoluminal repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is frequently based on diameter measurements and determining the presence of endoleaks. The use of three-dimensional volumetric data and observation of morphologic changes in the aneurysm and device have been proposed to be more appropriate for postdeployment surveillance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the long-term volumetric and morphologic data of 161 patients who underwent endovascular AAA exclusion and to assess the utility of volume measurements for determining successful AAA repair. METHODS: Patients with spiral computed tomography scans obtained preoperatively, within the first postoperative month, at 6 months, and annually thereafter, were included in this analysis. Computerized interactive three-dimensional reconstruction of each AAA scan was performed. Total aneurysm sac volume was measured at each time interval (mean preoperative volume 169.0 +/- 78.5 mL), and the significance of volume changes was determined by mixed linear modeling, a form of repeated measures analysis, to account for longitudinal data clustered at the individual level. Sixty-two patients (38%) developed endoleaks at some time during follow-up-15 type I leaks, 45 type II leaks, and 2 type III leaks. The patients with type I and type III leaks were treated with cuffs, and the type II leaks were treated either with observation, side-branch embolization, or required open conversion. RESULTS: Aneurysm sac volume increased slightly at 1-month follow-up (+3.3%), and then decreased steadily to -12.9% at 5 years (P <.0001). This effect remained unchanged after controlling for the three device types used in our study population. Patients who did not exhibit an endoleak (n = 99) showed a significant decrease in aneurysm volume across the entire follow-up duration when compared with those who did exhibit an endoleak (n = 62) (P <.0001). The presence of a 10% or greater decrease in volume at 6 months demonstrated a sensitivity of 64%, a specificity of 95%, a positive predictive value of 95%, a negative predictive value of 62%, and an accuracy of 75% for predicting primary clinical success defined by successful deployment of the device; freedom from aneurysm- or procedure-related death; freedom from endoleak, rupture, migration, or device malfunction; or conversion to open repair. CONCLUSIONS: Volumetric analysis may be used to predict successful endoluminal exclusion of AAAs. Volume regression appears to be device-independent and should be expected in most clinically successful cases. The presence of volume increases in the first 6 months is suspicious for an endoleak that is pressurizing the aneurysm sac and heralds the need for closer evaluation and possible intervention. A volume decrease of 10% or greater at 6 months and continuing regression over time is associated with successful endovascular repair.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Is the endogenous peroxyl-radical scavenging capacity of plasma protective in systemic inflammatory disorders in humans?

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in humans is associated with heightened intravascular oxidative stress. The clinical significance of plasma endogenous antioxidative capability in SIRS remains undetermined. Time-sequence changes of plasma total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and its components were measured in 135 patients with various clinical conditions leading to SIRS. The results were correlated with clinical parameters. Plasma TRAP significantly depressed upon diagnosis of SIRS (SIRS vs. healthy subjects (n = 50), 605.7 +/- 20.4 vs. 803.4 +/- 30.8 microM Trolox equivalent, p <.001). In survivors (n = 86), TRAP declined further during the course of SIRS, followed by a mild recovery at the end of follow-up. General linear mixed model analysis revealed that uric acid, vitamin C, vitamin E and unidentified antioxidants contributed to most of the changes in TRAP (each factor p <.001). In nonsurvivors (n = 49), TRAP increased steadily until death, and the increase was predominantly the result of the increased contribution of bilirubin (p <.01). Higher TRAP levels were not correlated with diminished blood oxidants formation (r = -0.13, p.05), lower intensity of lipid peroxidation (r = 0.261, p <.05) or lesser disease severity of SIRS. The results do not support the hypothesis that the endogenous peroxyl radical scavenging ability of plasma plays a protective role in the course of SIRS.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Seasonal variation in CSF 5-HIAA concentrations in male rhesus macaques.

Seasonal changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations were assessed on multiple occasions in 103 free-ranging male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). At the time of sampling subjects ranged between the ages of 2 and 6 years. CSF samples were collected between the hours of 0900 and 1600 throughout the Fall, Winter, and Spring from 1990 through 1994. Data were analyzed in a general linear mixed model with random intercepts. Results indicated that CSF 5-HIAA concentrations decreased with age. CSF 5-HIAA concentrations were significantly increased in the Fall (October and November), which is the height of the breeding season, with no evidence of differences between Winter and Spring. There was also some evidence that the seasonal variation in CSF 5-HIAA concentrations was blunted in younger, more immature subjects.

Aging↗

PubMed2000

The influence of physical activity on the variability of ambulatory blood pressure.

The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of physical activity levels to blood pressure (BP) variability, and to assess the effect age, gender, body mass index, and use of antihypertensive medications on this relationship. We simultaneously monitored 24-h ambulatory BP by automated recorder and activity by actigraphy in 431 patients. Mean activity scores for the 5, 10, 15, and 20 min preceding each BP measurement were calculated, and BP and heart rate were related to these variables using linear mixed model regression. Various patient characteristics were added to the mixed model as covariates. Patients were heterogeneous in age (48 +/- 13 years), sex (49% men), and average 24-h BP (132/81 +/- 15/10 mm Hg). Mean daytime activity level was 44 +/- 15 U. During the daytime, systolic BP (r = 0.33), diastolic BP (r = 0.29), and heart rate (r = 0.42) correlated best with the average activity for the 15 min preceding each measurement (P < .001). Variance was very high, with activity explaining from 0% to 62% of BP variability for different individuals. Men and the obese had a greater reactivity of systolic BP to activity; older patients and those on antihypertensive therapy had a lower reactivity of heart rate. Blood pressure level is significantly associated with physical activity, but the percentage of variance of BP explained by physical activity varies greatly between individuals. Correlation is strongest between BP and average activity integrated over the previous 15 min. Much of the variance in blood pressure remains unexplained.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms according to comorbidities, risk factors, country, and time period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage declined between 1980 and 2010, which coincided with a decline in smoking and prevalence of hypertension. We aimed to investigate whether the decrease in subarachnoid haemorrhage incidence is paralleled by declines in unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) prevalence. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles published in any language from Jan 1, 2011 to Dec 31, 2025, and reassessed 68 articles published before March 1, 2011 from a 2011 systematic review and meta-analysis. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they used a cross-sectional or case-control design and provided the crude number of participants and those with UIA. We only included studies reporting numbers of UIA separately from ruptured aneurysms and with ten or more patients. Summary data were independently extracted by JD with AZ or CB and conflicts were resolved by GJER. The primary outcome was proportion of participants with UIA. Relative to a hypothetical reference population (mean age 50 years, 50% women, and no comorbidities), age and/or sex-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for regions, comorbidities, and risk ratios (RRs) for female sex, smoking, and hypertension were estimated using generalised linear mixed models. A time trend analysis was done by binomial meta regression using the mid-year of data acquisition. We assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE. The study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD420261296728. FINDINGS: Our search screened 4708 studies. 67 reassessed and 95 newly identified articles, reporting on 316 131 participants and 11 822 people with UIAs, were included in our meta-analysis. In the reference population, the estimated prevalence of UIAs was 3·9% (95% CI 3·0-5·1). The prevalence of UIAs in individuals with atherosclerosis was 5·5% (4·7-6·4; 2229 of 40970 participants) and the adjusted PR was 1·3 (95% CI 0·8-2·0) compared with the reference population. For positive family history of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) or UIA, the UIA prevalence was 7·9% (5·6-11·1; 412 of 4252 participants) and the adjusted PR was 2·4 (0·5-11·2). For connective-tissue disorder, the UIA prevalence was 10·3% (6·5-16·0; 94 of 879 participants) and the adjusted PR was 3·9 (2·0-7·6). For autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the UIA prevalence was 12·8% (9·2-17·6; 293 of 1990 participants) and the adjusted PR was 4·4 (1·5-12·6). RRs were for current smoking 1·4 (1·2-1·6; 798 of 27911 participants), for having hypertension 1·6 (1·5-1·7, 4043 of 83053 participants), and for female sex 1·9 (1·8-2·0; 3415 of 65020 women and 2122 of 76130 men). In studies on healthy individuals with MR angiography or CT angiography as imaging modality, the prevalence in 2016-2022 was 6·6% (6·3-6·8; 2904 of 41191 participants). The adjusted PR was 1·8 (1·1-2·8) for 2016-2022 versus 2002-2015. Prevalence of UIAs of 5 mm or larger was 0·7% (0·6-0·8) in 2002-2015 and 1·4% (1·0-1·9) in 2016-2022. The UIA prevalence did not differ between countries. τ2 showed significant heterogeneity between studies. The certainty of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate. INTERPRETATION: Prevalence of UIA is increasing, particularly over the past two decades. This increase is only in part explained by improved detection of small UIAs and an ageing population, and other factors-such as environmental-are likely involved. Alongside patients with ADPKD and a positive family history of aSAH, patients with connective-tissue disorders had a higher prevalence of UIA than the reference population. Our findings warrant further investigation into the potential benefit of personalised screening and management strategies in groups at high risk for having UIAs. FUNDING: None.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Associations between perceived family meal environment and parent intake of fruit, vegetables, and fat.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the family mealtime environment and assess associations with adult fruit, vegetable, and fat intake. DESIGN: Telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 277 adults in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area were recruited through 4 schools. The sample was 85% female and 70% married. The mean number of children in the household was 2.6 (range 1 to 9). VARIABLES MEASURED: Adult fruit and vegetable intake, fat intake, and perceptions of the mealtime environment. ANALYSIS: Descriptive and mixed-model linear regression. RESULTS: Participants reported that the television was frequently on during dinner meals and almost one third felt that their family was too busy to eat dinner together. A higher frequency of television viewing during dinner was associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption and higher fat consumption. Planning meals in advance was associated with higher fruit and vegetable consumption; however, 46% of the adults did not plan meals in advance. Arguments concerning eating behavior during dinner were associated with higher fat consumption. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The family meal environment is associated with adult eating patterns and should be considered when designing nutrition messages for families.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Physical activity, diet and gene-environment interactions in relation to body mass index and waist circumference: the Swedish young male twins study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between genetic susceptibility to obesity, physical activity (PA), dietary fibre, sugar and fat intakes and 4-year changes in body mass index (BMI) and attained waist circumference (WC) in a cohort of 287 monozygotic and 189 dizygotic young adult male twin pairs. Increased knowledge about interactions between genes and environment may provide insight into why some individuals are more prone to obesity than others. DESIGN: Information about PA, BMI, dietary habits, WC and potential confounders was collected by questionnaire in 1998 and 2002. The cohort data were analysed by mixed linear models. RESULTS: Twins with low PA attained larger WC than twins with high PA (difference 2.5 cm; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3, 3.6). The twins with the lowest fibre intake were found to have attained the highest WC and to have increased most in BMI (difference between highest and lowest fibre intakes: 1.6 cm, 95% CI 0.4, 2.9 and 0.45 kg m(-2), 95% CI 0.15, 0.76, respectively). Furthermore, our results suggested the presence of interactions so that twins with genetic susceptibility to obesity were more prone to have larger WC if sedentary than twins without genetic susceptibility. CONCLUSION: PA and a diet rich in fibre may be protective against weight gain among younger adult men. An interaction between PA, genes and attained WC is a novel finding which needs confirmation by other studies.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Relative contribution of day-to-day and intra-specimen variation in faecal egg counts of Schistosoma mansoni before and after treatment with praziquantel.

There is evidence that faecal egg counts of Schistosoma mansoni vary considerably from day to day, which results in poor sensitivity of single stool readings. Intra-specimen variation of S. mansoni egg counts may also be considerable, but has previously been considered as the less important component. We quantified the relative contribution of these two sources of variation among 96 schoolchildren from an area in Cĵte d'Ivoire highly endemic for S. mansoni. Stool specimens were collected over 5 consecutive days, and 5 egg-counts were made in each specimen by the Kato-Katz technique. The point prevalence of the first sample was 42.7% and the cumulative prevalence after the maximum sampling effort was 88.5%. Using generalized linear mixed models we found that the presence of S. mansoni eggs in a stool sample varied much more between days than within specimens, indicating that stool sample examination over multiple days is required for accurate prevalence estimates. However, using the same approach, we found that among infected children intra-specimen variation in egg counts was 4.3 times higher than day-to-day variation. After praziquantel administration, day-to-day variation was more important than before, since most infections were very light and thus likely to be missed altogether by stool examination on a single day. We conclude that diagnostic sensitivity in high transmission areas is maximized by making several stool readings on several days, but examining 1 stool specimen several times can make reasonable estimates of infection intensity.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Trypanosomes, fleas and field voles: ecological dynamics of a host-vector--parasite interaction.

To investigate the prevalence of a flea-borne protozoan (Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) microti) in its field vole (Microtus agrestis) host, we monitored over a 2-year period a range of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters pertaining to host demographics, infection status and vector (flea) prevalence. Generalized Linear Mixed Modelling was used to analyse patterns of both flea and trypanosome occurrence. Overall, males of all sizes and ages were more likely to be infested with fleas than their female counterparts. Flea prevalence also showed direct density dependence during the winter, but patterns of density dependence varied amongst body mass (age) classes during the summer. Trypanosome prevalence did not vary between the sexes but was positively related to past flea prevalence with a lag of 3 months, with the highest levels occurring during the autumn season. A convex age-prevalence distribution was observed, suggesting that individuals develop a degree of immunity to trypanosome infection with age and exposure. An interaction between age and whether the individual was new or recaptured suggested that infected animals are less likely to become territory holders than their uninfected counterparts.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Modified polytopic vector analysis to identify and quantify a dioxin dechlorination signature in sediments. 1. Theory.

Risk-based sediment management decisions require the characterization of contamination sources and fate processes in the field. Polytopic vector analysis (PVA) is a multivariate technique based on a linear mixing model, used to resolve chemical fingerprints and suited for forensic investigations of environmental contamination. The traditional algorithm is constrained to positive fingerprint (end-member) components and cannot resolve fingerprints with both positive and negative values required for a reactive end-member. We developed a modified algorithm (M-PVA) to resolve a dioxin dechlorination fingerprint, indicative of biotic/abiotic transformations in field samples of sediments. The new procedure isolates from the dioxin pattern net compositional changes due to dechlorination in a separate end-member. Using two artificial data sets for which the composition and sample contribution of all end-members are known, the dechlorination fingerprint was reproduced with a root mean square error of 28-41%. The dechlorination end-member contribution to the total variability (set at 4.0 and 10.0%, respectively) was overestimated 1-5-fold. The ability of M-PVA to reproduce the dechlorination pattern and its variability contribution depends on the actual contribution of dechlorination to variability. At an actual contribution of 4.0%, the model outcome deviates more strongly from the original than is the case for a contribution of 10.0%. As such, application of M-PVA to environmental data should include an uncertainty analysis to distinguish variability due to dechlorination from variability due to error. The development of the modified PVA procedure is an important step toward the field characterization of fate processes in dioxin-impacted sediments.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

Effects of grain sampling procedures on fusarium mycotoxin assays in wheat grains.

Fusarium mycotoxins are increasingly studied agronomically, chemically, and pathologically in the context of food safety, as a means of preventing new major health crises. Reliable mycotoxin techniques and sampling procedures are required for assessment of the effects of different sources of variation on grain mycotoxin content in agronomic experiments. Analyses were performed with the aim of formulating guidelines for grain sampling to increase the reliability of grain mycotoxin measurement in agronomic experiments. Two toxins in wheat samples, deoxynivalenol and nivalenol, were targeted. With a nested linear mixed model, it was estimated that the uncertainty of nivalenol determination was low (+/-15 microg/kg), whereas that for deoxynivalenol determination was higher (+/-38 microg/kg). It was also found that grinding of the grain decreased the variability of the results. Moreover, despite the heterogeneity in grain mycotoxin content across a given field, it was shown that heads can be harvested manually for agronomic experiments provided that sampling is representative (evenly distributed over the entire plot area). Finally, delaying the assay until after harvest was found to affect the results obtained and should therefore be avoided.

Edible Grain↗

PubMed2000

The effect of single twitch and train-of-four stimulation on twitch forces during stable neuromuscular block.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether the response to a single twitch (ST) stimulus or the first response (T1) to a train-of-four (TOF; 4 stimuli at 2 Hz) stimulus following a stimulus interval of 10 s (i.e., the time between two consecutive ST or TOF stimuli) is influenced by the preceding stimulus in the presence of a stable 50% neuromuscular block. In addition, we determined whether ST and TOF stimulation yield different results under these circumstances. METHODS: Twitch forces were measured in both tibialis anterior muscles of six cats. In the presence of a stable 50% neuromuscular block the stimulation pattern (ST or TOF) or stimulus interval (3.3, 10 or 30 s) was varied every 30 min. A linear mixed model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: ST forces with a stimulus interval of 3.3 s were 10.3% (95% CI: 7.3-13.3%) smaller than those with a stimulus interval of 10 s. For T1 forces this effect was 15.2% (95% CI: 12-18.4%). There was no significant difference between twitch forces with stimulus intervals of 30 and 10 s. For a stimulus interval of 3.3 s the ST forces exceeded the T1 forces by 7.6% (95% CI: 4.4-10.8%); no significant differences were found between the ST and T1 forces for stimulus intervals of 10 and 30 s. CONCLUSIONS: The ST or T1 force during stimulation with a stimulus interval of 10 s or more during a stable 50% neuromuscular block in the tibialis anterior muscle of the cat is not affected by the preceding stimulus. In addition, ST and T1 forces do not differ when employing a stimulus interval of 10 s or more under these circumstances. Our results thus indicate that the known differences between ST and T1 forces after a bolus injection of a muscle relaxant can not be explained by differences in acetylcholine release when the stimulus interval exceeds 10 s.

Anesthesia, General↗

PubMed2002

The impact of the Chi-Chi earthquake on quality of life among elderly survivors in Taiwan--a before and after study.

This paper examines the impact of the Chi-Chi earthquake, which hit central Taiwan on September 21, 1999, on the quality of life among the elderly survivors. The 28-item Taiwanese-adapted brief version of the World Health Organization's quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to measure quality of life in four domains: physical capacity, psychological well-being, social relationships, and environment. These measures were coincidently collected in a separate study from 368 subjects aged 65 and older in the affected area shortly before the earthquake. Of these subjects, 268 were interviewed in a follow-up assessment 12 months after the earthquake. Linear mixed models were applied to investigate how quality of life in each of the four domains changed from the pre-earthquake assessment to 12 months after the earthquake, and how these changes depended on the level of damage to residences. In conclusion, elderly survivors tended to report lower quality of life in physical capacity, psychological well-being, and environment 12 months after the earthquake than at the assessment prior to the earthquake, regardless of the level of damage to their residences during the earthquake. However, those whose residences completely collapsed during the earthquake reported a higher quality of life in social relationships while others reported the opposite.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

The 18-month impact of an emergency room intervention for adolescent female suicide attempters.

Following a suicide attempt by female adolescents, the impact of a specialized emergency room (ER) care intervention was evaluated over the subsequent 18 months. Using a quasi-experimental design, this study assigned 140 female adolescent suicide attempters (SA), ages 12-18 years, and their mothers (88% Hispanic) to receive during their ER visit either: (a) specialized ER care aimed at enhancing adherence to outpatient therapy by providing a soap opera video regarding suicidality, a family therapy session, and staff training; or (b) standard ER care. The adjustment of the SA and their mothers was evaluated over 18 months (follow-up, 92%) using linear mixed model regression analyses. SA's adjustment improved over time on most mental health indices. Rates of suicide reattempts (12.4%) and suicidal reideation (29.8%) were lower than anticipated and similar across ER conditions. The specialized ER care condition was associated with significantly lower depression scores by the SA and lower maternal ratings on family cohesion. Significant interactions of intervention condition with the SA's initial level of psychiatric symptomatology indicated that the intervention's impact was greatest on maternal emotional distress and family cohesion among SA who were highly symptomatic. SA's attendance at therapy sessions following the ER visit was significantly associated with only one outcome--family adaptability. Specialized ER interventions may have substantial and sustained impact over time, particularly for the parents of youth with high psychiatric symptomatology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

A randomized controlled trial of a coping group intervention for adults with HIV who are AIDS bereaved: longitudinal effects on grief.

The authors sought to study the longitudinal effects of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention for coping with AIDS bereavement among a diverse sample of adults who were HIV positive. Participants (N = 267) were randomly assigned to receive the 12-week intervention or individual therapy upon request. Measures were administered at baseline, postintervention, and 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-ups. Longitudinal data were analyzed with linear mixed models to examine change in grief by condition across the study period and the effect of the intervention on grief through its interaction with psychiatric distress. The authors used the Grief Reaction Index to assess grief and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised to assess global psychiatric distress. Participants in both conditions reported decreases in grief severity. However, among those with higher levels of psychiatric distress, participants in the group intervention had significantly lower grief severity scores compared with participants in the individual therapy condition. The long-term effectiveness of this AIDS-bereavement intervention for psychiatrically distressed people with HIV/AIDS supports the need for tailored interventions among those at risk for complicated grief responses.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2006

Expression profiling in primates reveals a rapid evolution of human transcription factors.

Although it has been hypothesized for thirty years that many human adaptations are likely to be due to changes in gene regulation, almost nothing is known about the modes of natural selection acting on regulation in primates. Here we identify a set of genes for which expression is evolving under natural selection. We use a new multi-species complementary DNA array to compare steady-state messenger RNA levels in liver tissues within and between humans, chimpanzees, orangutans and rhesus macaques. Using estimates from a linear mixed model, we identify a set of genes for which expression levels have remained constant across the entire phylogeny (approximately 70 million years), and are therefore likely to be under stabilizing selection. Among the top candidates are five genes with expression levels that have previously been shown to be altered in liver carcinoma. We also find a number of genes with similar expression levels among non-human primates but significantly elevated or reduced expression in the human lineage, features that point to the action of directional selection. Among the gene set with a human-specific increase in expression, there is an excess of transcription factors; the same is not true for genes with increased expression in chimpanzee.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Visceral adipose tissue in women: longitudinal study of the effects of fat gain, time, and race.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of fat gain, time, and race on the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in a group of normal-weight premenopausal women. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Sixty-five women participated in the study (32 African American and 33 white). The mean age of subjects was 34 +/- 6 years (range, 22 to 47 years). Eligible subjects were women who had body mass indices <25 kg/m(2) at baseline and who had completed evaluations at baseline and at follow-up year 1, without intervention. A subset of subjects was reevaluated annually for up to 4 years. Body composition was assessed by DXA, and VAT was determined from a single computed tomography scan. A linear mixed model was used to examine changes in VAT over time, with total body fat as a covariate RESULTS: Total fat mass was not significantly different between races at baseline and increased significantly in both groups over time (p < 0.001). Time-related increases in total body fat were greater in African-American women (p < 0.01). VAT was significantly higher in white women at baseline (p < 0.01) and increased significantly over time in both races (p < 0.01), but remained higher in white women (p < 0.001). Increases in VAT, relative to total body fat, were greater than the increases in total body fat over time, independent of age and race (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Gaining total body-fat mass results in a higher increase in VAT, relative to total body fat, regardless of race and age, although African-American women maintain a lower VAT levels across time.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2006

Health-related quality of life in patients receiving reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic HSCT (RIC) has less regimen-related morbidity and mortality than myeloablative allogeneic HSCT (MT) offering allogeneic transplantation to patients otherwise excluded. Whether these advantages improve health-related quality of life (HRQL) is unknown. We examined the HRQL effects of RIC and MT in patients with hematological diseases pre-transplant (baseline), days 0, 30, 100, 1 and 2 years following HSCT. HRQL was measured using the Short Form-36 Health Survey and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General and BMT. Data were analyzed using mixed linear modeling adjusting for baseline HRQL differences. Patients (RIC=41, MT=35) were predominately male (67%), in remission/stable disease (65%) with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status <or=1 (97%). HRQL progressively improved (P<0.01) in both groups with higher scores at day 100 compared to days 0 and 30; there was no difference between groups during early recovery. At 2 years, all survivors (n=43) reported HRQL similar or better than baseline. Results suggest RIC and MT patients experience a similar pattern of HRQL improvement during early recovery. Two-year survivors report a return to baseline or better in HRQL by day 100, with the exception of physical health in MT patients.

Adult↗