Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “common bean”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of castor bean toxicosis in dogs: 98 cases.

Castor beans (Ricinus communis) contain ricin. Ricin is a glycoprotein reported to cause hypotension, gastroenteritis, depression, and death. However, few deaths are reported following castor bean ingestion in animals. From January 1987 to December 1998, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals-National Animal Poison Control Center received 98 incidents of castor bean ingestion in dogs. The most commonly reported clinical signs were vomiting, depression, and diarrhea. Death or euthanasia occurred in 9% of the cases. The severity of clinical signs following castor bean ingestion may depend on whether the beans were chewed or swallowed whole.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Distinct N-terminal regulatory domains of Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters.

The regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) levels is achieved in part by high-capacity vacuolar Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. An N-terminal regulatory region (NRR) on the Arabidopsis Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter CAX1 (cation exchanger 1) has been shown previously to regulate Ca(2+) transport by a mechanism of N-terminal auto-inhibition. Here, we examine the regulation of other CAX transporters, both within Arabidopsis and from another plant, mung bean (Vigna radiata), to ascertain if this mechanism is commonly used among Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters. Biochemical analysis of mung bean VCAX1 expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) showed that N-terminal truncated VCAX1 had approximately 70% greater antiport activity compared with full-length VCAX1. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the NRR of CAX1, which can strongly inhibit Ca(2+) transport by CAX1, could not dramatically inhibit Ca(2+) transport by truncated VCAX1. The N terminus of Arabidopsis CAX3 was also shown to contain an NRR. Additions of either the CAX3 or VCAX1 regulatory regions to the N terminus of an N-terminal truncated CAX1 failed to inhibit CAX1 activity. When fused to N-terminal truncated CAX1, both the CAX3 and VCAX1 regulatory regions could only auto-inhibit CAX1 after mutagenesis of specific amino acids within this NRR region. These findings demonstrate that N-terminal regulation is present in other plant CAX transporters, and suggest distinct regulatory features among these transporters.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Atypical nerve fiber layer defects in high myopes with high-tension glaucoma.

The incidence of atypical optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer defects was studied in 61 high myopic eyes (greater than or equal to -5 diopters) and 91 emmetropic or hyperopic eyes (0 to +3 diopters) of 152 patients with chronic high-tension glaucoma, and in 45 control myopic eyes (greater than or equal to -5 diopters). Horizontal ovalness or cyclotorsion, oblique insertion of the optic disc, and bean pot disc were more common in the high myopes. In the eyes with high myopia with glaucoma, inferior dominant nerve fiber layer defects, ectopic fiber defects, and multiple nerve fiber layer defects were common. The incidence of superior nerve fiber layer defects or superior-inferior equal nerve fiber layer defects was high in round or vertically oval discs and low in cyclotorted or horizontal oval discs. The oblique insertion of the discs correlated positively with a higher incidence of ectopic defects in high myopic eyes with glaucoma. The incidence of focal type nerve defects is higher in older patients and high myopes with oblique insertion of the optic disc. Atypical shape of the optic disc correlates positively with atypical retinal nerve fiber layer defects in eyes with high-tension glaucoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Protease inhibitors: possible anticarcinogens in edible seeds.

Protease inhibitors, which are common constituents of seeds (rice, beans, and maize) have been shown to inhibit breast, colon, and skin cancers in animal experiments. Epidemiological studies have shown that diets rich in these components (ie seed proteins) decrease the occurrence of prostatic, breast, and colon cancers in man. We have demonstrated that a typical purified inhibitor from soybeans, the Bowman-Birk inhibitor, is excreted in the feces complexed with digestive proteases from the duodenum. This results in greater excretion of proteins, thus effectively decreasing the amount of protein available for digestion. Excess protein in the diet in addition to fats may contribute to increased cancer. Thus, the addition of seeds (chick-peas, beans, etc) to the diet rather than removal of meat or fat offers the opportunity of preventing these cancers, because the protease inhibitors present would effectively remove a portion of the proteins being consumed. Protease inhibitors also act directly as antioxidants in relation to tumor promoters and ionizing radiation. To what extent this contributes to the nutritional effects of eating seeds containing protease inhibitors remains to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The Vicia faba leghemoglobin gene VfLb29 is induced in root nodules and in roots colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum.

To investigate similarities between symbiotic interactions of broad bean (Vicia faba) with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi, plant gene expression induced by both microsymbionts was compared. We demonstrated the exclusive expression of 19 broad bean genes, including VfENOD2, VfENOD5, VfENOD12 and three different leghemoglobin genes, in root nodules. In contrast, the leghemoglobin gene VfLb29 was found to be induced not only in root nodules, but also in broad bean roots colonized by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatum. In uninfected roots, none of the 20 nodulin transcripts investigated was detectable. VfLb29 has an unusually low sequence homology with all other broad bean leghemoglobins as well as with leghemoglobins from other legumes. It can be regarded as a novel kind of leghemoglobin gene not described until now and the induction of which is common to symbiotic interactions of broad bean with both Rhizobium and a mycorrhizal fungus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Perforating disorder caused by salt-water application and its experimental induction.

BACKGROUND: Perforating disorders are uncommon diseases characterized by transepidermal elimination histopathologically and include reactive perforating collagenosis, elastosis perforans serpiginosa, Kyrle's disease and perforating folliculitis. In addition, perforating disorders can develop in patients with diabetes mellitus, renal failure and even by accidental exposure of calcium salts. METHODS: We report two cases of perforating disorder caused by chemical burn with commercially available salt-water application for self-treatment of chronic dermatitis or pruritus. RESULTS: The commercially used salt water for making bean curd was analyzed and it consisted of calcium and other salts without harmful heavy metals. We induced a similar phenomenon by experimental application of commercial salt water on guinea pigs. CONCLUSION: Bean curd is used as a food commonly in the Far-East, allowing a greater chance of exposure to salt water accidentally or occupationally. Bean curd is becoming more popular even in Western countries. To confirm causation, we induced a similar phenomenon in guinea pigs by experimental application of commercial salt water.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Expression of Phospholipase D during Castor Bean Leaf Senescence.

Membrane deterioration in plant senescence is commonly associated with progressive decreases in membrane phospholipid content. This study investigated the expression and regulation of phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) during senescence in castor bean (Ricinus communis L. cv Hale) leaf discs. The rate of leaf senescence was accelerated by 50 [mu]M abscisic acid and was attenuated by 50 [mu]M cytokinin during incubation at 23[deg]C for up to 5 d. Leaf senescence was indicated by decreases in the content of total proteins, chlorophyll, and phospholipids. PLD activity in both membrane-associated and cytosolic fractions showed a gradual increase in the absence of phytohormones. Abscisic acid stimulated an increase in membrane-associated PLD and had little effect on the soluble form. On the other hand, cytokinin retarded the increase in membrane-associated PLD. Immunoblotting analysis using PLD-specific antibodies revealed that the changes in PLD activity were correlated with those of PLD protein. Analysis of PLD by nondenaturing PAGE showed the appearance of a PLD structural variant, PLD 3, in abscisic acid-treated leaf discs. Northern blotting analysis using a PLD cDNA probe revealed an increase in PLD mRNA in senescing leaf discs. These data indicate complex mechanisms for the regulation of PLD during senescence, which include increases in membrane-associated PLD, differential expression of PLD isoforms, and changes in amounts of PLD protein and mRNA. Such controlled expression points to a role for PLD in membrane deterioration and plant senescence.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Characteristics of rhizobia nodulating beans in the central region of Minnesota.

Until recently, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Minnesota were rarely inoculated. Because of this, we hypothesized that bean rhizobia collected in Minnesota would either share characteristics identifiable with Rhizobium etli of Mesoamerican or Andean origin, introduced into the region as seed-borne contaminants, or be indigenous rhizobia from prairie species, such as Dalea spp. The latter organisms have been shown to nodulate and fix N2 with Phaseolus vulgaris. Rhizobia recovered from the Staples, Verndale, and Park Rapids areas of Minnesota were grouped according to the results of BOXA1R-PCR fingerprint analysis into 5 groups, with only one of these having banding patterns similar to 2 of 4 R. etli reference strains. When representative isolates were subject to fatty acid - methyl ester analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the results obtained differed. 16S rRNA gene sequences of half the organisms tested were most similar to Rhizobium leguminosarum. Rhizobia from Dalea spp., an important legume in the prairie ecosystem, did not play a significant role as the microsymbiont of beans in this area. This appears to be due to the longer time needed for them to initiate infection in Phaseolus vulgaris. Strains of Rhizobium tropici IIB, including UMR1899, proved tolerant to streptomycin and captan, which are commonly applied as seed treatments for beans. Local rhizobia appeared to have very limited tolerance to these compounds.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Polyphenoloxidase in higher plants: immunological detection and analysis of in vitro translation products.

Antibodies to broad bean polyphenoloxidase (PPO) were used to detect and demonstrate that the PPOs found in several different plants have many similarities in common. Crude extracts from leaves of broad bean, bush bean, lettuce, mung bean, pea, soybean, spinach, tobacco, and tomato contained enzyme which cross-reacted with polyclonal anti-PPO in Ouchterlony double diffusion analysis. The results suggested that plant polyphenoloxidase from a wide range of species may contain similar antigen determinants. Poly A(+) mRNA was isolated from leaves of each plant species and translated in vitro using a rabbit reticulocyte translation system. An in vitro synthesized product corresponding to PPO from each species was identified after specific immunoprecipitation with anti-PPO. The molecular weight of this in vitro product was similar in all plants examined and found to be approximately 45 kilodaltons. Peptide maps of the in vitro synthesized product from all plant species were similar and showed at least three peptides in common. Plant PPOs may have more structural similarities than commonly though in spite of the great variety in observed isoenzyme forms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Molecular evolution of maize catalases and their relationship to other eukaryotic and prokaryotic catalases.

We have compared the nucleotide and protein sequences of the three maize catalase genes with other plant catalases to reconstruct the evolutionary relationship among these catalases. These sequences were also compared with other eukaryotic and prokaryotic catalases. Phylogenies based on distances and parsimony analysis show that all plant catalases derive from a common ancestral catalase gene and can be divided into three distinct groups. The first, and major, group includes maize Cat1, barley Cat1, rice CatB, and most of the dicot catalases. The second group is an apparent dicot-specific catalase group encompassing the tobacco Cat2 and tomato Cat. The third is a monocot-specific catalase class including the maize Cat3, barley Cat2, and rice CatA. The maize Cat2 gene is loosely related to the first group. The distinctive features of monocot-specific catalases are their extreme high codon bias at the third position and low degree of sequence similarity to other plant catalases. Similarities in the intron positions for several plant catalase genes support the conclusion of derivation from a common ancestral gene. The similar intron position between bean catalases and human catalase implies that the animal and plant catalases might have derived from a common progenitor gene sequence.

Catalase↗
PubMed1994

Influence of spices on protein utilisation of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and horsegram (Dolichos biflorus).

The influence of a mixture of eleven spices commonly consumed in India on the utilisation of protein from boiled winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and horsegram (Dolichos biflorus) was studied at 10 and 20 percent level of protein intake in experimental rats. Spices used in the mixture include red chillies (Capsicum annum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), garlic (Allium sativum), ajowan (Carum copticum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), caraway seeds (Carum carui) and fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare). Addition of this spice mixture at 1.5% level of the diet decreased the TD of both legumes, significantly only in the case of horsegram. A significant increase was observed in the BV of both the legumes at both levels of protein tested.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1985

Castor bean toxicity re-examined: a new perspective.

Commonly used references present a very gloomy prognosis for castor seed ingestion. This appears to be based chiefly on extrapolations from laboratory animal studies of toxicity of the component, ricin. This is not in concordance with actual experience when actual case report experience is sought out and examined in detail. The literature has been confused by recursive references among secondary sources and mortality statistics have been distorted by reliance on data generated nearly a century ago which do not accurately reflect the capabilities of modern medical management. This is elucidated by actually tracking down and studying difficult-to-find original case reports from the early decades of the 20th century. It is time to reappraise our estimates of the hazard of ingesting castor seeds in the light of present day medical capabilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of tender cluster bean pods (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) on cholesterol levels in rats.

Tender cluster bean pod (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is a vegetable commonly consumed in South India and contains 20% of guar gum on dry weight basis. Effects of incorporating this vegetable into a hypercholesterolemic diet of rats were studied. All test materials--cluster bean 0.5 and 2.5% levels, commercial guar gum (0.5%), cluster bean partially free from guar gum (1.6%), neutral detergent fiber of cluster bean (0.6%)--exerted a hypocholesterolemic effect and also lowered liver cholesterol concentration, but did not alter liver weights. Neutral detergent fiber of cluster bean and guar gum lowered cholesterol levels, but the effect did not appear to be additive when these components were present together in the whole cluster bean.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

In vitro synthesis of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) chloroplastic and cytoplasmic leucyl-tRNA synthetases. Characterization and processing of a precursor polypeptide for the chloroplast enzyme.

Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) chloroplastic and cytoplasmic leucyl-tRNA synthetases differ in their structural and catalytic properties and do not share common antigenic determinants. Polyadenylated mRNAs, prepared from young bean leaves, have been translated in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free system. The newly synthesized polypeptides have been submitted to immunoadsorption on protein A-Sepharose in the presence of the antibodies raised against the chloroplastic or the cytoplasmic leucyl-tRNA synthetase. The specificity of the immunoadsorption has been checked by competition experiments involving the pure enzymes. Bean chloroplastic leucyl-tRNA synthetase is synthesized in vitro from a polyadenylated mRNA as a precursor polypeptide of 130 kDa, which is somewhat larger than the mature enzyme of 120 kDa. Bean cytoplasmic leucyl-tRNA synthetase is synthesized in vitro as a polypeptide which has the size of the mature monomer (130 kDa). Processing of the precursor polypeptide of the chloroplastic leucyl-tRNA synthetase, yielding the mature enzyme, has been obtained by performing the in vitro translation in the presence of canine pancreatic microsomal membranes. These results suggest that in vivo bean chloroplastic leucyl-tRNA synthetase could be synthesized in the cytoplasm as a precursor which would be transported into the chloroplasts.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMed1988

Contents and digestibility of carbohydrates of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by domestic processing and cooking.

Effects of common processing and cooking methods on sugar and starch contents and starch digestibility (in vitro) of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) were investigated. Soaking reduced the level of total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and starch and improved starch digestibility, significantly. Cooking (both ordinary and pressure cooking) increased the concentrations of the sugars and digestibility of starch of soaked as well a unsoaked seeds. Starch contents, however, were decreased. Germination decreased starch thereby raising the level of the soluble sugars. Starch digestibility was increased appreciably.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1992

Fungal contamination, natural occurrence of mycotoxins and resistance for aflatoxin accumulation of some broad bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars.

Using glucose-Czapek's and 10% NaCl glucose-Czapek's agar media incubated at 28 +/- 2 degrees C, nine genera and 18 species were identified from 10 different cultivars seed of broad bean. Aspergillus and Penicillium were the most common genera on the two types of media used. The most common fungal species were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. tamarii and Penicillium chrysogenum. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis indicated that seeds of one cultivar only was naturally contaminated with aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. Nine mycotoxin-free cultivars of broad bean were examined for resistance or susceptibility for aflatoxin production when inoculated by Aspergillus flavus IMI 89717. Results obtained revealed that seeds of two cultivars were highly resistant, two cultivars showed partial resistance and the remaining were susceptible to the establishment of A. flavus and aflatoxin accumulation. The results did not show any relationship between morphological characters (colour, shape and size) and the amount of aflatoxin produced on the different broad bean seed cultivars. Also the results reveal absence of significant variation in the total nitrogen of the highly susceptible, partially resistant and highly resistant groups of broad bean seeds examined. Mean values of calcium, total phosphate and potassium of both seed coat and seed kernel of the susceptible seeds were low as compared to those of partially and highly resistant seed cultivars. The susceptible seeds contained higher levels of magnesium, zinc and sodium while the resistant seeds contained lower ones.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed2003

[The introduction of complementary food of children under the age of three years in Tibet of China].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the feeding status of Tibetan children aged below three years old. METHODS: Cross-sectional study and randomly sampling were used. The information on complementary food was obtained through the recollection from mother of the child. Data of complementary food of Tibet children was compared with those of the children from the surveys of nine cities in China and 40 poor counties in western China. RESULTS: One thousand six hundred and fifty-five children were studied. The findings indicated that the age of introduction of Zanba (a kind food of mixture of highland barley flour and butter) was 1.98 months after birth and the age of introduction of egg and meat was about 8 - 9 months. Boys were fed with Zanba earlier than girls but there was no significant difference in the introduction of other complementary food between sexes. Urban children were introduced with complementary food earlier than rural children, and children in the agricultural region earlier than those in the pasturing region. The proportion of no introduction of any complementary food by the age of 4 months was about 10.6% for urban children, but 21.7% for rural children while 14.2% for children in the agricultural region and 30.9% for children in the pasturing region. The proportion of no introduction of complementary food was 11.5% for Tibetan children compared with 45.2% for the children of 40 poor counties in western China. The proportions of introduction of the following complementary foods were 89.1% for Zanba, 22.1% for egg, 29.1% for fresh milk, 23.5% for meat, 17.5% for vegetable, 0.75% for bean products, 1.03% for fish and 3.35% for chicken respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The main complementary foods for Tibetan children included Zanba, milk, mutton and beef. There was a small amount of vegetable in diet. The introduction of bean, chicken and fish was not common. Early and monotony seemed to be the character of introduction of complementary food for Tibetan children. Improving introduction of complementary food is important in enhancing the nutritional status of Tibetan children.

Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗