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PubMed2025

Genomic prediction-aided incorporation of genetic resources into elite breeding: lessons from a collaborative multiparental design in flint maize.

A public private cooperative mating design between elite maize inbred lines and diversity donors shows that genomic prediction holds great promise to improve the use of genetic resources. Genetic diversity is essential for plant breeding, enabling long-term gains and adaptation to climate change and new agronomical practices. Breeders can access diverse genetic resources to enhance elite germplasm and introduce new favorable variations. The limited performance of genetic resources may hamper their use. To overcome this, a bridging population can be implemented to evaluate and select progenies from crosses between diversity donors and elite lines before their introduction in breeding programs. The choice of such crosses can be dealt with the usefulness criterion (UC), which determines its ability to produce transgressive individuals. This paper investigates the use of genome-wide marker effects to predict (i) the performance of individuals derived from crosses between donors and elite lines and (ii) the UC of crosses not observed yet. It also compares donor introduction strategies based on the UC or the H criterion, which considers the genome-wide donor-elite complementarity. We used a flint maize collaborative multi-parental BC1-S2 population, consisting in materials from six breeding companies and one public institute crossed to different donors. The 20 crosses had contrasted means and genetic variances, and most of them presented transgressive individuals above the elite parent. Results emphasize the importance of half-siblings derived from the elite line parent of the predicted cross to efficiently predict progeny performances or the UC. They also showed that using the H criterion appears promising to select iteratively donors that best complement initial elite materials. The paper concludes with guidelines for implementing a bridging population using genome-wide marker-based predictions.

Zea mays↗
PubMed2001

Association between epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus DNA in plucked eyebrow hair and solar keratoses.

Epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus DNA has been demonstrated in squamous cell carcinomas and plucked hair from immunocompetent patients and renal transplant recipients. This study investigated the association between infection with epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus, identified by the detection of viral DNA in plucked eyebrow hairs, and solar keratoses. These lesions are strongly predictive of squamous cell carcinoma. In a cross-sectional study 518 individuals were enrolled from a randomly selected sample of a subtropical Australian community. Epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus DNA in eyebrow hair was detected using a nested polymerase chain reaction specific for epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus types. Epidermo dysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus DNA was present in 121 (49%) of 245 men and 116 (44%) of 262 women. There was a strongly significant increase in epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus infection with age (p < 0.00001), with prevalences of 29% in the 25-39 y age group, 42% at 40-59 y and 65% in the 60-79 y age group. Among men there was a strong association between epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus and solar keratoses with an odds ratio, adjusted for age, skin color, and occupational sun exposure, of 3.40 (95% confidence interval, 1.77-6.53). No such association was found among women [odds ratio 1.03 (95% confidence interval 0.59-1.77, after adjustment for the same factors)]. Differences in occupational sun exposure and smoking histories could not explain these apparently different associations between epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus infection and solar keratoses in men and women. In conclusion, epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus infection is associated with solar keratoses in men suggesting that epidermodysplasia-verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus infection, in conjunction with sex specific factors (like androgens), may be involved in neoplastic changes of keratinocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Developing methods for assessing quality of life in different cultural settings. The history of the WHOQOL instruments.

BACKGROUND: This review traces the 12-year history of an international collaboration of researchers-the WHOQOL Group-who were brought together by the World Health Organisation to develop and produce a cross-cultural measure of quality of life for use in health and health care. DISCUSSION: The theoretical and philosophical basis of the WHOQOL instrument is outlined as it evolved throughout the design and adjustment of a reflexive methodology that places an assessment of the users' views at the centre of health care. The stages of research are further expanded and explained in recounting the scientific experience of this unique collaboration. The WHOQOL is available in 40 countries and most majority languages. Adaptations exist for assessing particular conditions, e. g. spirituality, religion and personal beliefs.

Culture↗
PubMed2001

ADHD comorbidity findings from the MTA study: comparing comorbid subgroups.

OBJECTIVES: Previous research has been inconclusive whether attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), when comorbid with disruptive disorders (oppositional defiant disorder [ODD] or conduct disorder [CD]), with the internalizing disorders (anxiety and/or depression), or with both, should constitute separate clinical entities. Determination of the clinical significance of potential ADHD + internalizing disorder or ADHD + ODD/CD syndromes could yield better diagnostic decision-making, treatment planning, and treatment outcomes. METHOD: Drawing upon cross-sectional and longitudinal information from 579 children (aged 7-9.9 years) with ADHD participating in the NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA), investigators applied validational criteria to compare ADHD subjects with and without comorbid internalizing disorders and ODD/CD. RESULTS: Substantial evidence of main effects of internalizing and externalizing comorbid disorders was found. Moderate evidence of interactions of parent-reported anxiety and ODD/CD status were noted on response to treatment, indicating that children with ADHD and anxiety disorders (but no ODD/CD) were likely to respond equally well to the MTA behavioral and medication treatments. Children with ADHD-only or ADHD with ODD/CD (but without anxiety disorders) responded best to MTA medication treatments (with or without behavioral treatments), while children with multiple comorbid disorders (anxiety and ODD/CD) responded optimally to combined (medication and behavioral) treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that three clinical profiles, ADHD co-occurring with internalizing disorders (principally parent-reported anxiety disorders) absent any concurrent disruptive disorder (ADHD + ANX), ADHD co-occurring with ODD/CD but no anxiety (ADHD + ODD/CD), and ADHD with both anxiety and ODD/CD (ADHD + ANX + ODD/CD) may be sufficiently distinct to warrant classification as ADHD subtypes different from "pure" ADHD with neither comorbidity. Future clinical, etiological, and genetics research should explore the merits of these three ADHD classification options.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coalescence of psychiatry, neurology, and neuropsychology: from theory to practice.

In a climate of renewed interest in the synergy between neurology and psychiatry, practitioners are increasingly recognizing the importance of exchange and collaboration between these two disciplines. However, there are few working models of interdisciplinary teams that freely share expertise in real time, while providing clinical and academic training to future physicians who specialize in the central nervous system. Over the past 11 years, the McLean Hospital Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology service has provided proof-of-principle for such collaboration, demonstrating that a team comprising psychiatrists, neurologists, and neuropsychologists can function effectively as a unit while maintaining the autonomy of these three disciplines and also synthesizing their combined knowledge. In addition to delivering enhanced patient care and promoting medical research, this clinical service has provided enriched cross-specialty training for fellows, residents, and medical students. The practical functioning of the team is described, and case vignettes are presented to illustrate the team's collaborative synergism in practice.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Improving hand hygiene in community healthcare settings: the impact of research and clinical collaboration.

Observation of nursing activities and bacteriological studies undertaken with a sample of nurses employed in a community NHS trust indicated that considerable scope for cross infection existed during domiciliary visits. Poor conditions in patients' homes compromised nurses' ability to perform hand hygiene effectively, increasing risks. A clinical trial indicated that carriage of medically significant bacteria likely to contribute to cross infection could be reduced by applying an antiseptic cream which exhibited residual effectiveness. An audit of hand hygiene throughout the inner city trust indicated the need to pay greater attention to hand hygiene, especially during home nursing visits. The situation was less acute in a rural trust where a second audit was performed for comparative purposes. The motivation of clinical staff to improve hand hygiene precautions was high.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1994

Examining collaborative relationships between anesthesiologists and certified registered nurse anesthetists in nurse anesthesia educational programs.

The purpose of this research was to examine the collaborative perceptions that Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) and anesthesiologists have of each other in nurse anesthesia educational programs. Methods included a cross sectional survey of all nurse anesthesia programs in the United States. Data was collected from the program director and one anesthesiologist of each program. Results highlight important areas of potential conflict between the two groups. Data reflected unequal and hierarchal relationships existing between CRNAs and anesthesiologists regarding shared responsibility, access, power, and recognition in healthcare decision making. Conclusions from this study show there are definite philosophical and political issues that have an impact on nurse anesthesia education and can be destructive not only to programs of nurse anesthesia but also to the entire field of anesthesiology. A major area of concern raised in the present study was that inadequate collaborative practices persist which could be indicative of critical deficiencies in the educational system and clinical practice settings of both providers. Efforts by all involved must be made at the national, state, and local levels to establish better relationships between CRNAs and anesthesiologists. Mending counterproductive differences is imperative for cost-effective and high quality anesthesia services.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Focal adhesion and actin organization by a cross-talk of TM4SF5 with integrin alpha2 are regulated by serum treatment.

The biological functions of transmembrane 4 L6 family member 5 (TM4SF5) homologues to a tumor-associated antigen L6 are unknown, although it is over-expressed in certain forms of cancer. In the present study, the ectopic expression of TM4SF5 in Cos7 cells reduced integrin signaling under serum-containing conditions, but increased integrin signaling upon serum-free replating on substrates. TM4SF5 regulated actin organization and focal contact dynamics via the serum treatment-dependent differential regulation of FAK Tyr925 and paxillin Tyr118 phosphorylations and their localizations on peripheral cell boundaries. Y925F FAK mutation abolished the TM4SF5 effects. TM4SF5 associated with integrin alpha2 subunit, and this association was abolished by serum treatment. Furthermore, functional blocking anti-integrin alpha2 antibody abolished TM4SF5-enhanced signaling activity and caused membrane blebbing with abnormal actin organization. TM4SF5 increased chemotactic but decreased haptotactic migration. Altogether, this study reveals the functions of TM4SF5 collaborative with integrin signaling to alter focal contact dynamics, actin reorganization, and migration. Furthermore, this study suggests a mechanism of cross-talk between TM4SF5 and integrin which is further regulated by growth factor signaling.

Actins↗
PubMed2006

Early initiation of cannabis use: a cross-national European perspective.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship of the early initiation of cannabis use with other high risk behaviors and with psychosocial and health-related correlates in 15-year-old adolescents in six European countries. METHODS: This study reports on nationwide cross-sectional surveys in six European countries in 2001-2002, within the framework of the World Health Organization's collaborative study, Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC). Data were collected through anonymous questionnaires self-completed in classrooms. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used to assess differences between countries in age of first cannabis use and associations with health and related psychosocial variables. RESULTS: The prevalences of lifetime and last-year cannabis use ranged from 30.7% and 27.5%, respectively, in the Czech Republic, to 5.4% and 4.1%, respectively, in Greece. Age at first use was lower in the high prevalence countries than in countries with lower prevalence. For 15-year-olds, frequent use of tobacco and alcohol and other risk behaviors were correlated with early (13-15 years old) and especially very early (< or = 13 years old) cannabis initiation. CONCLUSIONS: Although different patterns of prevalence and age of initiation were observed between participating countries, early cannabis use was almost uniformly associated with higher odds of more frequent use of cannabis and other substances, and with a common set of other problems. Our findings suggest that prevention of drug abuse must commence in preadolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Impact of cervical dystonia on quality of life.

We studied the effect of cervical dystonia on quality of life in a cohort of 289 patients by using a generic health status measurement scale (SF36). Cervical dystonia had a significant negative impact on quality of life compared with age-matched general population data. This negative impact was comparable to that seen in multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2026

Neighborhood Deprivation and Screening Mammography Utilization: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Access to screening mammography reduces breast cancer mortality disparities. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a validated measure of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage linked to adverse health outcomes. There is limited data evaluating mammography utilization among patients residing in areas of higher deprivation. This study evaluated the association between ADI and screening mammography utilization within an accountable care organization (ACO) affiliated with a multicenter academic medical center in the Upper Midwest. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included women aged 40-85 years attributed to the ACO in 2022, based on Wisconsin Collaborative for Healthcare Quality criteria. The primary outcome was receipt of screening mammography within two years. The primary exposure was ADI, analyzed by decile (ordinal) and as low (deciles 1-5) versus high (deciles 6-10) deprivation. The logistic regression models evaluated associations between ADI and screening, unadjusted and adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, and preferred language. RESULTS: Among 7463 participants with geographic data, 74.4% completed screening. Screening rates were 75.7% in low-deprivation areas versus 66.2% in high-deprivation areas. Increasing ADI decile was associated with reduced screening in unadjusted (OR 0.891, 95% CI 0.87-0.91, p<0.001) and adjusted analyses (OR 0.897, 95% CI 0.88-0.92, p<0.001). Black participants (OR 0.444, p<0.001) and individuals preferring non-English languages (OR 0.333, p<0.001) had lower screening odds after adjustment. CONCLUSION: Higher neighborhood deprivation is independently associated with lower screening mammography utilization. Targeted, equity-focused interventions addressing neighborhood, racial, and language-related barriers are needed to reduce screening disparities.

Area deprivation Index↗
PubMed2006

Molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Argentina.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the mechanism of glycopeptide resistance and to determine the genetic relatedness among strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from Argentina. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 189 vancomycin-resistant single-patient isolates of Enterococcus faecium recovered between January 1997 and December 2000 from 30 hospitals in Argentina were studied. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by the agar dilution method and van genes were detected by PCR. PFGE was used for molecular typing. RESULTS: All isolates except three (vanB) were of genotype vanA. For 189 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, SmaI-PFGE indicated 35 clonal types. Most of the isolates (56%) belonged to the same clonal type 1, which was present in 19 hospitals and dominant in 17. CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Argentina seems to be related to the intra- and inter-hospital dissemination of an epidemic clone carrying the vanA element.

Argentina↗
PubMed2003

Recent advances in the cell biology of polycystic kidney disease.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a significant familial disorder, crossing multiple ethnicities as well as organ systems. The goal of understanding and, ultimately, curing ADPKD has fostered collaborative efforts among many laboratories, mustered on by the opportunity to probe fundamental cellular biology. Here we review what is known about ADPKD including well-accepted data such as the identification of the causative genes and the fact that PKD1 and PKD2 act in the same pathway, fairly well-accepted concepts such as the "two-hit hypothesis," and somewhat confusing information regarding polycystin-1 and -2 localization and protein interactions. Special attention is paid to the recently discovered role of the cilium in polycystic kidney disease and the model it suggests. Studying ADPKD is important, not only as an evaluation of a multisystem disorder that spans a lifetime, but as a testament to the achievements of modern biology and medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Postdoctoral nursing education in infection control: program description.

The need to identify and evaluate those clinical practices that are efficacious in reducing risk of nosocomial infection is clear. A model of large-scale programmatic evaluation is the Study of the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control. Other important clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of practices such as closed urinary drainage and management of intravascular lines and the ineffectiveness of such practices as double bagging and routine gowning in the newborn nursery. Clearly, research is one essential way to direct practice in infection control. It is our goal that the Johnson & Johnson/SURGIKOS Postdoctoral Nursing Fellows in Infection Control will make a significant contribution to the knowledge base in the specialty. The need for collaboration by government, industry, and academia in addressing health care research needs has been recently emphasized. We also believe that this Program can serve as one model for such a collaborative effort.

Baltimore↗
PubMed1999

Health behaviour and the school environment in New South Wales, Australia.

The relationship between the school environment and health has infrequently been examined. This study sought to examine the association between school students' perceptions of their school environment, teachers' and peers' support and their health behaviours. A cross sectional descriptive survey by supervised self-administration was conducted in 1996 based on the international WHO collaborative survey of school children's health and lifestyle (the HBSC Study) and extended in an Australian setting. Randomly sampled primary and secondary schools from Catholic, Independent and Government education sectors throughout New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were invited to participate. The final sample included 3918 school students attending Year 6 (primary school), Year 8 and Year 10 (high school) from 115 schools. The main outcome measures were self-reported health status and 7 health behaviours (tobacco use, alcohol use, physical activity, dental hygiene, nutritional intake, seat belt and bicycle helmet use). Independent variables included student perceptions of the school environment, perceptions of teachers' and peers' support. Girls, Year 6 students and students who have less than $19 a week to spend were significantly more likely to have positive perceptions towards their school environment, teacher(s) and peers. Students who had positive perceptions regarding their school environment and perceived their teachers as supportive were significantly more likely to engage in health promoting behaviours adjusting for age, sex and average weekly pocket money. A supportive peer environment was not associated with positive health behaviour. Health promotion practitioners need to consider the impact of the school environment on health behaviours of school students. In particular, practitioners should consider intervention models that improve the school environment as a key strategy within a health promoting school.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role perceptions of freshman and senior nursing and medical students and attitudes toward collaborative decision making.

David Kolb's (1981) experiential learning theory was used to examine differences between first- and fourth-year nursing and medical students' perceptions of competencies important for nursing and medicine. A convenience sample of nursing (n = 109) and medical (n = 108) students from a large Canadian research university was surveyed. Respondents completed the Environmental Press Questionnaire, the Adaptive Competency Scale, and a 6-item measure of attitudes toward collaborative nurse-physician patient care decision making. Nursing students' perceptions of competencies important for medicine were found to be more congruent with medical students' perceptions of these competencies than were medical students' perceptions of competencies important for nursing as seen by nursing students. Gaps in perceptions of each others' roles were significantly negatively related to attitudes toward collaborative patient care decision making.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Social class variation in medicine use among adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about social determinants of adolescents' medicine use. The objective was to analyse the association between the family's social class and adolescents' use of medicine for headache, stomachache, difficulties in getting to sleep, and nervousness. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds, a Danish contribution to the WHO international collaborative study Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 1998. The study population comprised students from a national random sample of schools who answered a standardized questionnaire in the classroom, participation rate 88%, n=5,205. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses showed that medicine use for all four symptoms increased by decreasing social class, controlled for age and prevalence of the specific symptom for which the medicine was taken. Adjusted OR (95% CI) for medicine use among students from lower social classes were: medicine for headache 1.35 (1.11-1.65), medicine for stomachache 1.41 (1.08-1.84), medicine for difficulties in getting to sleep 2.00 (1.30-3.08), and medicine for nervousness 3.22 (1.87-5.56). CONCLUSION: Symptom-adjusted medicine use in a representative sample of Danish adolescents showed a clear and graded increase with decreasing social class. Policies to reduce social inequality in health should address medicine use as well.

Abdominal Pain↗