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PubMedDate not supplied

[The examination of cerebro-spinal fluid in the viroses of the central nervous system (author's transl)].

The general outlines for the isolation of viruses from the cerebro-spinal fluid are described. It is suggested to associate to the virus cultivation of the cerebrospinal fluid even the cultivation from other pathological materials as faringeal swabs and stools and the search for antibodies in the blood serum. Researches of viruses in cerebro-spinal fluid done by the Service of Microbiology of the Hospital of Verona have given in 55 cases examined during the year 1976 2 positive isolates; in both mumps virus has been isolated.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Structural proteins of ribonucleic acid tumor viruses. Purification of envelope, core, and internal components.

Murine type C virus structural proteins, the envelope glycopeptides, 30,000 dalton major core protein, and 15,000 dalton internal protein have each been purified to near homogeneity and in high yield from the smae batch of virus by use of phosphocellulose column chromatography and gel filtration procedures. Evidence that these proteins are specified by the viral genome was obtained by competition radioimmunoassay analysis, comparing these polypeptides from Rauscher virus cultivated in a variety of mammalian cell lines; all of the reactive antigenic determinants of these proteins appeared to be virus-specific.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cytomegalovirus DNA detection of an immediate early protein gene with nested primer oligonucleotides.

A rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to detect conserved sequences from the immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The primers sequences were from EcoRI J fragment of Ad169. The first primer set was selected to amplify a 242 bp fragment and the next primer set was nested within the first and amplified a 146 bp fragment. With the single PCR system it was possible to detect 100 fg HCMV DNA but with double PCR 5-10 fg were detectable. Specific amplification was seen in urines from patients with HCMV infections. 20 urine samples were analysed by single PCR, double PCR and virus cultivation. The double PCR was the most sensitive method. Urines from healthy seropositive persons and cells infected with other members of the herpes virus family were negative with all three methods. This suggests that specific amplification by double PCR is sensitive and can be used for rapid detection of HCMV DNA in cases with activated infection.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1982

[Viral diarrhea].

Viruses are one of the most frequent causes of acute infectious gastroenteritis. Thus, rotaviruses are responsible for 40-60%--and in winter sometimes for over 90% - of diarrhoea in infants. These viruses may also cause disease in adults, but small viruses of a size of about 27 nm, such as the Norwalk agent, play a much more important role. Several other non-cultivable viruses such as adeno-, calici- and astroviruses have been implicated as a cause of infectious diarrhoea. Knowledge of rotaviruses is so far advanced that routine laboratory diagnosis can easily be performed and active immunization against rotavirus infection envisaged.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The first major outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Delhi, India.

India An outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHS/DSS) occurred in 1996 in India in and near Delhi. The cause was confirmed as dengue virus type 2, by virus cultivation and indirect immunofluorescence with type-specific monoclonal antibodies. This is the largest such outbreak reported from India, indicating a serious resurgence of dengue virus infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1966

African horse-sickness killed-virus tissue culture vaccine.

Formalized African horse-sickness (AHS) type 9 virus cultivated in monkey kidney stable (MS) cell cultures was experimentally used for immunizing horses. Inactivated vaccines prepared either from viscerotropic or neurotropic type 9 AHS virus produced antibodies in vaccinated horses. Immunity developed in all horses vaccinated with various amounts of the vaccine, and protected them from infection, when challenged 5 weeks after vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Occurrence of reo-like calf viruses in young children with acute gastroenteritis. Diagnoses established by electron microscopy and complement fixation, using the reo-like virus as antigen.

In the course of a six-month-study of acute gastroenteritis in children of ages up to six years, a reo-like virus was found in 54 per cent of the faecal specimens obtained at an early stage of the disease, using electron microscopy as screening test. By means of a concentrated complement fixation antigen, composed of a related calf diarrhoea virus cultivated in tissue culture, the rise in titre was found to be significant in 96 per cent of the patients whose faeces contained the reo-like virus. Antibodies were present in the remaining 4 per cent without rise in titre. In 10 per cent of the cases with gastroenteritis infection was caused by adenovirus or Salmonella. A probable aetiological agent was found in 71 per cent of the patients. It applies to 33 per cent of all cases caused by the reo-like virus that they were nosocomial infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Cultivation of dengue virus type 2 in baby hamster kidney cells in serum-free medium.

Propagation of dengue virus type 2 (New Guinea C strain) was performed using a shaker culture of baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) cultivated in serum-free modified Waymouth medium. Maximum virus titer varied from 10(8.3) to 10(8.8) plaque forming units/ml after incubation of BHK-21 cells in suspension culture at 37 dgrees C for 40-48 hours post-infection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced in mice by the administration of an inactivated influenza vaccine].

The conditions of delayed-type hypersensitivity induction following immunization with an inactivated influenza vaccine in BALB/c and CBA/H mice treated with cyclophosphane were studied. The results showed that the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction had no type specificity when revealing preparation injected to immunized mice is a vaccine prepared with chorioallantoic fluid, but it is specific when a tissue vaccine is used. The use of inactivated influenza viruses cultivated on different cell-types for sensitization and revelation of the hypersensitivity state allowed to evaluate the level of the delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by untreated virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Induction of simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS) with a molecular clone of a type D SAIDS retrovirus.

We have isolated a molecular clone of the full-length integrated provirus of simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome retrovirus serotype 1 (SRV-1) from a fatal case of simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome in a juvenile rhesus macaque. An integrated SRV-1 provirus was cloned, sequenced, and found to contain four large open reading frames encoding gag-precursor protein, protease, polymerase, and envelope. The proviral clone was transfected into D17 canine osteosarcoma cells and found to produce infectious virus. A comparison of the sequences of this clone with a noninfectious clone showed 20 differences, resulting in 10 amino acid changes. Also, a cluster of exchanges, short insertions, and deletions in the 5' leader sequences resulted in extension of the tRNA(Lys) primer-binding site from 14 to 19 nucleotides. Virus isolated from transfected cells was shown to be infectious and pathogenic, resulting in disease that followed the same time course and mortality as disease induced by uncloned, in vitro cultivated virus isolated from diseased animals. These results unequivocally show that a type D retrovirus (SRV-1) causes a fatal immunosuppressive syndrome in rhesus monkeys.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Cultivation of HIV-1 virus on mononuclear peripheral blood cells of HIV-1 seropositive individuals].

Using the method of co-cultivation with phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from healthy donors, the author isolated the HIV-1 virus from peripheral mononuclear blood cells of three patients with the AIDS symptomatology and one patient with the ARC symptomatology. The presence of the virus in infected cells was proved by detection of the viral antigen p 24 in enzymatic immunoassays and in the immunofluorescence test. Three of the isolated strains were adapted to sensitive continual tissue cultures, where the isolates caused chronic infection of the cells associated with the development of a cytopathic effect. In the investigated patients no relationship was proved between viraemia and antigenaemia. The author discusses the importance of virus cultivation for laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology and research of HIV infection and AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1999

Use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of vaccine contamination by infectious laryngotracheitis virus.

Quality control of biologicals for veterinary use includes certification of freedom from extraneous agents. Contamination of vaccines may originate from various materials used for production and during manufacturing process. Requirements for avian virus vaccines to demonstrate freedom of adventitious agents are stated in the European Pharmacopoeia and include monitoring for infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). ILTV is an avian herpesvirus belonging to the alphaherpesvirus subfamily causing acute respiratory disease. To date the methods to detect ILTV contaminating biologicals consist of demonstration of antibody induction in chicken after immunization or virus cultivation in embryonated eggs. These methods are time consuming and laborious. Therefore, a specific, simple and sensitive in vitro polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of ILTV contamination in avian virus vaccines was developed. Primers were designed to amplify part of the p32 gene. Four different ILTV vaccine strains could be unequivocally detected. The identity of the amplified fragment was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunofluorescent staining of influenza virus antigen in fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue of experimentally infected hamsters.

Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of experimentally influenza virus-infected hamsters were treated with 0.25% trypsin and tested for virus antigen by indirect immunofluorescent staining. The results were comparable to those obtained with aceton-fixed cryo-microtome sections. As far as we know, this is the first description of influenza virus demonstration in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue after reactivation by trypsin-treatment. This technique may be useful for influenza virus detection in human autopsy cases. It allows an etiological diagnosis even when fresh tissue for cryocut sections or virus cultivation is not available.

Animals↗