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PubMed1982

Social factors in homosexually acquired venereal disease. Comparison between Sweden and Australia.

The prevalence of venereal disease was studied in homosexuals in two countries, Sweden and Australia, which are similar apart from their different legal and social attitudes to homosexuality. Social attitudes were not generally associated with differences in the numbers of infections and reinfections in homosexual men with sexually transmitted diseases. Using a non-clinical sample there was some evidence that sexually transmitted diseases in homosexuals are grossly overestimated if cases rather than individuals are used as an index. Furthermore, the incidence of syphilis was related to the numbers of partners and the latency of symptoms in both societies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[An overview of legal amendments in the campaign against venereal diseases during the first Czechoslovak Republic].

The incidence of venereal diseases had a rising trend after the first world war. After the foundation of the Czechoslovak Republic this problem had to be resolved. During the first years legal regulations on VD from the Austro-Hungarian monarchy were still in force. The authors give an account of the regulations and of attempts of Czechoslovak state organs to resolve this problem by new legal regulations.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1981

John Hunter and venereal disease.

John Hunter's contribution to the understanding of venereal disease is reviewed. Hunter's evidence for the unitary nature of these diseases is examined and the advances he made in diagnosis, pathology, and management are considered.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The social hygiene problems of the prevention of venereal diseases].

The article is devoted to the questions of venereal diseases prophylaxis. The results presented allowed to elaborate united prophylactic system which includes different aspects of the problem. Complex prophylactic system worked up by the authors when implemented into public health practice yields exceptionally good results.

Female↗
PubMed2001

J'ai vu une femme publique'. Sexuality, venereal disease and homoeopathy in nineteenth-century Ghent: the tale of the patient.

Using the casebooks of the Ghent homoeopathic physician Gustave van den Berghe (born Zwevegem, 1836; died Ghent, 1902), this essay reconstructs patients' experience with sexuality and venereal disease during the late 19th century. Van den Berghe's records are uncharacteristic in that they do not translate the patient's descriptions into medical terms. The casebooks therefore represent an opportunity to hear about the disease and its social context in the patient's own words. Reading these case reports carefully, we can begin to understand not only what it meant to suffer from venereal disease, but also what motivated people to seek homoeopathy in general and this healer in particular.

Belgium↗
PubMed1995

Hot Springs waters and the treatment of venereal diseases: the U.S. Public Health Service Clinic and Camp Garraday.

Hot Springs, Arkansas and healing have been almost synonymous since the Indians lived in the area. From the end of World War I until the early 1940s, venereal disease patients flocked to Hot Springs for treatment. The primary focus of this paper is to tell the story of the facilities built to provide treatment. The government at both the federal, state, and local levels had to accommodate the great demand for treatment. The U.S. Public Health Service Clinic and Camp Garraday at Hot Springs were two major facilities built to meet that demand. Almost forgotten today, these two establishments afforded many patients the opportunity for healing unavailable in local situations. The Clinic provided the best treatment available and performed needed research studies on venereal disease during its peak years.

Arkansas↗
PubMed1990

Sexual behavior, venereal diseases, hygiene practices, and invasive cervical cancer in a high-risk population.

A case-control study of 759 women with invasive cervical cancer and 1430 controls in four Latin American countries evaluated risk in relation to sexual behavior, histories of specific venereal diseases, and hygiene practices. Early age at first sexual intercourse and increasing number of sexual partners were associated with significantly increased risks even after adjustment for their mutual effects. Risk increased to a twofold excess among women reporting first intercourse at 14 to 15 years of age compared with 20+ years. The number of steady sexual partners was a more important predictor of risk than the number of nonsteady partners, particularly before age 30, possibly reflecting the need for prolonged or repeated exposures to a transmissible agent, or different methods of protection against sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancy. Reported frequency of intercourse was not generally associated with risk, except among women reporting increased frequencies before 20 years of age. Histories of gonorrhea or crab lice were associated with increased risk, but histories of other venereal diseases were not significant predictors. No consistently increased risks were detected for women reporting specific hygiene or douching habits, except the practice of washing the genitalia infrequently during menstruation. These results provide support for a period of increased susceptibility to carcinogens during adolescence, and suggest that this may be an important determinant of the high incidence of cervical cancer in Latin America.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen in patients attending a venereal disease clinic.

A total of 1,650 patients attending the venereal disease department at St. Mary's Hospital, London, have been tested for Australia antigen. Twenty-three positive results were obtained, or 1.39%, which is more than 10 times the rate noted by others in blood donor populations in the U.K. and U.S.A. The positive rates among female patients and European male heterosexual patients were 0.36% and 0.19% respectively. High rates were obtained for homosexual patients (3.8%) and non-European heterosexual patients (3.1%). The reasons for the higher rates found in these groups merit further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Early identification of cancer through vaginal cytology in a venereal disease clinic].

100 women, routinely and regularly examined in a venereal disease clinic, have been investigated using Papanicolaou smears of the uterine cervix for. 1. Papanicolaou group, 2. trichomonas infection, 3. assessment of vaginal microbiology. A group III was determined in 11, a group IV/V in 2 women. Trichomonas vaginalis was present in 60% of the cases. Only 9% of the smears showed normal Döderlein bacteria; 91% contained mixed bacteria. The findings are compared with a control group and are discussed in the light of epidemiologic studies indicating the close rôle of certain factors in the sexual life for the development of cervical cancer. The necessity to regard this population as a high risk group in general cytological screening has been stressed, especially to the advantage of the adolescent and young females in this group.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of microcult g.c. in venereal disease clinics.

Microcult G.C. is a kit for cultivation and identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. ue of this kit was compared with the cultivation and identification methods of the Neisseria Department, Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen (WHO collaborating center for reference and research in gonococci). The investigation included 203 men and 80 women who appeared for examination at our veneral disease clinics. For examination of urethral specimens from men the predictive value of positive tests was found to be 93% and the predictive value of negative tests was 94%. For specimens from the urethra and cervix of women, the predictive value of positive tests was 95% and the predictive value of negative tests was 90%. The reliability of these results makes Microocult G.C. a valuable supplement to microscopy in venereal disease clinics with a relative high prevalence of gonorrhoea. The predictive value of positive tests from the anal canal was 21% and from the tonsils 3%; in these locations the test is not suitable for diagnostic purposes.

Anus Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Venereal diseases in the islands of the North Pacific.

Apart from the Japanese islands, and those of Karabati (lately Gilbert Islands), which lie just north of the equator, the islands of the northern Pacific Ocean are either American owned or otherwise administered. Even the Japanese islands were controlled by the USA for varying numbers of years after the second world war. Venereal disease statistics from Guam, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Gilbert Islands have been collated by the South Pacific Commission and will be presented in a second paper. Those from the Hawaiian Islands (the fiftieth state of the USA) are published by the United States Public Health Service and include those from Honolulu, the capital. While the rates per 100 000 for both syphilis and gonorrhoea are lower than those for the USA as a whole, the trends since 1970 have been less satisfactory in the state of Hawaii than for the whole of the United States. While the disturbing increasing incidence of primary and secondary syphilis was checked in 1977, that of gonorrhoea has continued to rise. The number of cases of gonorrhoea also increased in Guam and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands but there has been a recent fall from earlier peak figures. The pattern of venereal disease in the most developed Pacific islands is thus gradually approaching what may be expected elsewhere in modern western society and it would seem logical to expect that this trend will continue.

Aviation↗
PubMed2006

'The liberty to spread disaster': campaigning for compulsion in the control of venereal diseases in Edinburgh in the 1920s.

The historiography of the growth of government in modern industrial societies has taken shape around two propositions. The first is that governments tend inexorably to discipline social life through the elaboration of an apparatus of inspection and compulsion. The second is that controls of this kind involve elites in the subordination of relatively powerless social categories such as women and children, the poor, the sick, immigrants and minority ethnic groups. This article challenges this meta-narrative in relation to venereal disease. First, it demonstrates the persistence of voluntary and non-compulsory forms of control in interwar Edinburgh. Secondly, the article identifies the contested and negotiated character of regulatory measures. Finally, it seeks to show that compulsion was not an acceptable and popular approach to the problem of venereal disease in Britain at this time.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2000

Whole-blood hemagglutination inhibition test for venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) antibodies.

Nontreponemal antibody tests such as the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test are carried out on serum and widely used as screening tests for syphilis. The aim of the present study was to develop a screening test for syphilis making use of whole blood and VDRL liposomes. Antibody to human red blood cells was conjugated to VDRL liposomes and reacted with a diluted sample of patient whole blood. A total of 951 samples were tested by the new test and the VDRL tube test. All 49 VDRL samples positive by the VDRL test showed inhibition of hemagglutination in the whole-blood test (sensitivity, 100%). Of 902 samples with negative results by the VDRL test, 901 caused hemagglutination when tested with the liposomes (specificity, 99.9%). The hemagglutination inhibition method tests for syphilis in a simple one-step procedure in which whole blood is added to a tube containing liposomes. The new test has potential for point-of-care testing in developing countries.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The literary impact of the propaganda campaign against veneral disease at the turn of the century].

The literary perception of venereal diseases in the XIXth century was radically modified by the big prophylactic campaign that began at its end. After writers presented a romantic vision of syphilis associated initially with pride and exaltation, came a generation distressed by the obsession and the phobia that the antivenereal reaction then generated. The moving elements of this campaign, were the extreme attention to overvalued statistics and excessive consideration of indirect transmission; but also such mythical concepts as parasyphilis, syphilitic diathesis, "le génie syphilitique" and especially "hérédosyphilis". This antivenereal campaign, appearing as a sanitary prophylaxis invented by the syphiligraphes, rapidly changed to a moral prophylaxis, using intensively dissuasive methods and generating among others a true propaganda literature. After World War I, the fear of a degeneration of the race, weakened by depopulation, caused an intensification of the propaganda. Its protectionist, xenophobic and intolerant nature then grew considerably in the militant literature to merge into the themes that have characterized the political speech of the Hitlerian period. The Allies and penicillin fortunately put an end to this delirious rhetoric.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed2003

[Infectious non-venereal diseases affecting male and female external genital area].

Infectious non-venereal diseases are divided into contagious and non-contagious skin diseases, that have sometimes different and unexplained aetiology. Some diseases caused by viruses, fungi, bacteria, Candida albicans and parasites are the contagious skin diseases. The non-contagious diseases include: contact dermatitis, erythema fixum, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, Reiter's disease and some pre-neoplasmatic lesions. The aim of the study was to demonstrate some skin lesions commonly located on external genital organs in both sexes, that should be differentiated with skin lesions in sexually transmitted diseases.

Adult↗