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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A pitfall in azygos vein cannulation in cirrhotic patients: mistaken cannulation of the mammary vein.

Azygos venous flow can be measured by a thermodilution catheter in patients with cirrhosis. This is a useful technique since azygos flow is thought to reflect the superior portosystemic collateral flow in these patients. The authors report 3 cases in which mistaken internal mammary vein cannulation mimicked azygos vein cannulation in the supine fluoroscopic view. A lateral fluoroscopic view confirmed internal mammary cannulation. They suggest that if the azygos arch is unpronounced or flow measurements are unexpectedly low in patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis, a lateral view be performed to rule out internal mammary vein cannulation.

Azygos Vein↗
PubMed2000

Occlusion of azygos vein via direct percutaneous puncture of innominate vein following cavopulmonary anastomosis.

A 2-year-10-month-old boy was diagnosed with a complex congenital heart disease: right atrial isomerism, left superior vena cava (LSVC), complete atrioventricular septal defect, secundum type atrial septal defect, transposition of the great arteries with pulmonary atresia, patent ductus arteriosus, absence of a right superior vena cava (RSVC), and dextrocardia. He had received a left Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt at the age of 3 months and a left bidirectional Glenn shunt one year after BT shunt. Progressive cyanosis was noted after the second operation and cardiac catheterization showed a functional Glenn shunt with an engorged azygos vein, which was inadvertently skipped for ligation. Because of the absence of RSVC, transcatheter occlusion of the azygos vein was performed successfully via direct puncture of the innominate vein.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1978

Comparison between tail vein and jugular vein cannulation in cattle.

Blood samples obtained simultaneously from the jugular and tail (coccygeal) veins during induction of bovine mastitis infection and after administration of 250 IU of adrenocorticotropin did not differ in percentage of hematocrit, concentration of total corticosteroid in plasma, or concentrations of total circulating erythrocytes and leukocytes. Patency of the tail vein cannula was maintained for 1 mo. Tail vein cannulation is a practical alternative to jugular cannulation in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Is a palpable short saphenous vein a useful clinical sign in varicose vein assessment?

The short saphenous vein (SSV) may be palpable in the popliteal fossa in patients with varicose veins. A prospective study has been carried out to determine the significance of this sign in the presence of primary varicose veins. The SSV was assessed by palpation of the popliteal fossa with the knee slightly flexed. Hand-held Doppler insonation (HHD) was also used in the out-patient clinic. All patients had SSV assessment by duplex scanning. One hundred and sixty legs were examined. In 68 the SSV was palpable; 39 (57%) of these had SSV reflux on duplex examination. When the SSV was not palpable (92 legs), only 1% (1 leg) refluxed on duplex scanning. SSV palpability had a 98% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 57% positive predictive value (PPV), and 99% negative predictive value (NPV). In comparison, HHD had 80% sensitivity, 87% specificity, 67% PPV and 93% NPV. The combined tests had 78% sensitivity, 73% specificity, 76% PPV and 100% NPV. Palpation of the SSV is a valuable part of clinical examination. If the SSV is not palpable, it is unlikely to reflux.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Diagnosis and treatment of dilatation of subcutaneous veins of the lower limbs, caused by compression of the external iliac vein].

400 patients with venous varicosity of the lower limbs were studied using functional tests: phlebotonometry and combined methods of phlebography. It was found that in 43.3% of investigations valves of profound veins were partially or totally insufficient. Among subjects with valve insufficiency in 55 cases venous varicosity was conditioned by extravasal compression of the external iliac vein. The causes of compression of the latter were a cross-passing artery, fibrofascial bands and a drooping edge of the inguinal ligament. Retrograde femoropelvic phlebography in a bending posture of a patient and comparative phlebotonometry of the femoral and iliac veins proved to be the basic methods of diagnosis of a true cause of the varicosity.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed2002

[Kneipp hydrotherapy, sclerotherapy, crossectomy. What really helps in varicose veins and spider veins?].

Varicose veins are irreversibly dilated epifascial and perforating veins resulting from degenerative vascular wall changes. Depending on etiology, they are classified into primary and secondary forms. The majority of the primary varicosities (75%) are hereditary. A clinical differentiation is made between varicosities of major vessels, side branch varicosities, varicosis of the perforating veins, reticular, and cutaneous vessel varicosities, with mixed forms also being known. Inspection and palpation are of predominant importance for the diagnosis, while Doppler and duplex ultrasonography serve mainly to document valvular incompetence. Treatment is determined by the findings, symptoms and the individual situation, and comprises, in addition to such general measures as activity, hot/cold foot baths, obliteration and surgery. A conservative alternative is rigorously applied compression treatment, which is also the most important concomitant measure to sclerotherapy and surgical operation.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The action of deep venous insufficiency at the popliteal level on the junction of the external saphenous vein and the gemellary veins].

Duplex-ultrasound and colour-ultrasound have enabled successful close study of valve patency and function by the analysis of hemodynamic changes: direction, velocity, circulatory conditions. Direction by colours: red attributed to arriving flow and blue to outflow. Circulatory velocity by the intensity and brilliance of colours. Circulatory conditions by the colour green revealing the existence of a turbulent flow, with anterograde turbulent flow coloured yellow and retrograde turbulent flow turquoise. A so-called mosaic pattern occurs when turbulent flow has a high circulatory velocity. Investigation of the popliteal vein: patient in ventral horizontal and standing positions. Normal morphological characteristics: Course essentially straight. Valve system proximal to the junction of the small saphenous. Anteroposterior diameter: less than 1 cm in horizontal position, less than 1.5 cm standing. Totally compressible by external pressure and partially by hyperextension of the ring of soleus. Characteristics of popliteal insufficiency: increased calibre--positive compressibility--duplication of standing calibre--pulsed Doppler with a biphasic wave--colour--ultrasound with reflux red--turbulent conditions and mosaic pattern may be present. Investigation of the small saphenous vein: enables determination of morphological characteristics, the site of the junction, detection of reflux and measurement of its degree. Valve insufficiency of the popliteal vein may form part of a syndrome of overall insufficiency of the deep system, primary or secondary, depending upon one valve only, located proximal to the junction of the small saphenous. When this functions badly, special reflux circuits develop, with the outcome depending on the course which these circuits may take.

Hemodynamics↗
PubMed2004

In situ femoral to popliteal bypass graft using superficial femoral vein to popliteal vein.

During the evolution of vascular surgery as a specialty, many conduits have been used to revascularize the lower extremities. Superficial veins and prosthetic materials make up the majority of materials used to bypass diseased segments of native artery. The deep veins of the thigh have also been reported as alternatives for arterial bypass. However, the use of the in situ superficial femoral and popliteal vein bypass has not been reported to our knowledge in current literature. We report a 79-year-old white female with lower extremity rest pain who underwent an in situ femoral popliteal bypass graft for limb salvage.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endovascular laser ablation of the greater saphenous vein for varicose veins: our initial experience].

Laser treatment of primary varicose veins of the legs is a new mini-invasive technique which represent an alternative to the safenectomy. Endovascular laser treatment is based on the employ of laser to destroying the vascular wall and inducing fibrosis. This technique is not without complications: burns, paraesthesias, haematomas, but most of all disappear in few days. Encouraged by the promising results reported in literature, we have performed 18 laser ablation of greater saphenous vein since 2003 till today. Our patients had a good post-operative course and a follow up without troubles (3-17 months). We think that laser treatment is effective in the treatment of the primary varicose veins of the legs. It requests attention and experience in dosing the laser energy for minimizing the complications. Today there isn't long term follow up in literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anomalous intrapulmonal vein drainage and pulmonary vein connection in DSA.

Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage can be detected and evaluated by angiographic studies. Now that intravenous DSA is available, this method can be used to demonstrate pulmonary venous return. This study presents the results of DSA examination in three patients having anomalous pulmonary vein connection with the left innominate vein and the superior vena cava respectively. In a fourth patient, intra-pulmonary atypical venous return could be demonstrated by DSA without anomalous connection. This minimal invasive procedure is diagnostically useful in anomalies of pulmonary veins when recommended post-processing techniques are evaluated, particularly in patients with additional cardiac septal defects.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Correlation between hepatic vein pressure and diameter of portal vein and spleen as determined by ultrasound tomography in patients with liver disease (author's transl)].

The diameter of the portal vein and the transversal diameter of the spleen on the ultrasound scan were significantly greater in 15 patients with chronic active hepatitis than in controls and in 43 patients with cirrhosis of the liver than in patients with chronic active hepatitis. In patients with cirrhosis of the liver there was a significant correlation between the diameter of the portal vein and both spleen size and wedged hepatic vein pressure. In many cases ultrasound tomography is a reliable method for detecting portal hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Discrepant opacification of the internal jugular veins: indicator of innominate vein occlusion on computed tomography of the neck.

Discrepant enhancement of an internal jugular vein on computed tomography during intravenous infusion of contrast material via an upper extremity vein constitutes an abnormal finding. We demonstrate that the greater degree of opacification of the internal jugular vein on the affected side is due to reversal of flow on that side and is indicative of occlusion of a major venous pathway proximally.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Studies on cortisol levels in the maternal vein, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein in cases of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia].

We measured maternal venous (MV), umbilical arterial (UA) and umbilical venous (UV) cortisol levels of 180 pregnancies at term, and investigated especially cases of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia. No fetal distress and no neonatal asphyxia cases followed spontaneous vaginal deliveries (94), cesarean sections (18) or breech extractions (6). In cesarean section delivery, the cortisol levels of three individual samples were lower than in other modes of deliveries. The cortisol level of the umbilical artery was significantly higher than that of the umbilical vein in spontaneous vaginal delivery and cesarean section delivery. When spontaneous vaginal deliveries were classified into the fetal distress group and no fetal distress group, the cortisol levels of the umbilical artery and umbilical vein in the former group were significantly higher than those in the latter group. Furthermore, regardless of fetal distress there were significant positive correlations between the cortisol levels of MV & UA, MV & UV, and UA & UV. In addition, as the cortisol level of the maternal vein increased, the umbilical arterial-venous cortisol ratio (UA/UV) gradually approached 1.0. These data suggest that in fetal distress or neonatal asphyxia, the fetus may produce cortisol for itself independent of the mother.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1994

[Partial portal vein and mesenteric vein thrombosis in familial protein S deficiency].

Protein S, a vitamin-K dependent glycoprotein is a cofactor of protein-C system, which acts as an inhibitor of the plasmatic coagulation. Protein-S congenital deficiency results in recurrent venous thromboses, atypical locations in portal and mesenteric veins are possible. In our patient the partial thrombosis of the portal vein was diagnosed by computed tomography and angiography. Small bowel ischaemia due to mesenteric vein thrombosis required segmental resection. Post-operatively the patient was heparinized and later phenprocoumon was applied to a long-term therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The mechanisms of the development of vertical blood reflux through the deep veins in varicose veins].

Retrograde phlebography (pelvic, femoral, popliteal cavography) was used for studying mechanisms of the formation of vertical reflux of blood along deep veins in 176 patients with varicose disease. Two mechanisms were established. The first mechanism is responsible for the retrograde blood flow arising due to descending ectasia of deep veins followed by the development of valve insufficiency, the second one--for the vertical reflux of blood formed isolatedly in deep veins of the femur and leg due to primary injury of valve cusps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Natural history and clinical management of central retinal vein occlusion. The Central Vein Occlusion Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To provide clinical management guidelines for eyes with central retinal vein occlusion. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with randomized clinical trials of specific subgroups of patients. Three-year follow-up every 4 months. SETTING: Nine ophthalmology practices. PATIENTS: Seven hundred twenty-five patients with central vein occlusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Iris neovascularization (INV), neovascular glaucoma, and visual acuity. RESULTS: Visual acuity outcome was largely dependent on initial acuity. Sixty-five percent of patients with initially good visual acuity (20/40 or better) maintained visual acuity in the same range at the end of the study. Patients with intermediate initial acuity (20/50-20/200) showed a variable outcome: 19% improved to better than 20/50, 44% stayed in the intermediate group, and 37% had final visual acuity worse than 20/200. Patients who had poor visual acuity at the first visit (< 20/200) had an 80% chance of having a visual acuity less than 20/200 at final visit, whether perfused or nonperfused initially. In the first 4 months of follow-up, 81 (15%) of the 547 eyes with perfusion converted to ischemia. During the next 32 months of follow-up, an additional 19% of eyes were found to have converted to ischemia for a total of 34% after 3 years. The development of nonperfusion or ischemia was most rapid in the first 4 months and progressed continuously throughout the entire duration of follow-up. Iris neovascularization of at least 2-clock hours, and/or angle neovascularization (ANV) developed in 117 (16%) of the 714 eyes. Sixty-one of the 117 eyes that had INV/ANV were initially categorized as nonperfused or indeterminate; 56 of the 117 eyes were initially categorized as perfused. When INV/ANV occurred, it was treated promptly with panretinal photocoagulation. The strongest predictors of INV/ANV were visual acuity (P < .001) and the amount of nonperfusion seen by fluorescein angiogram (P < .001). For eyes initially categorized as nonperfused or indeterminate, 35% (61/176) developed INV/ANV, compared with 10% (56/538) for eyes initially categorized as perfused. Other risk factors were venous tortuosity (P = .02), extensive retinal hemorrhage (P = .07), and duration less than 1 month (P = .08). Neovascular glaucoma that was unsuccessfully managed with medical treatment developed in only 10 eyes. No eye was enucleated. CONCLUSIONS: Visual acuity at baseline is a strong predictor of visual acuity at 3 years for eyes with good vision and eyes with poor vision, but a poor predictor for intermediate acuities. Visual acuity is also a strong predictor for the development of INV/ANV, as is nonperfusion. During the course of follow-up, one third of the eyes with perfusion converted to eyes with ischemia. Clinical management guidelines, developed from these and previously reported Central Vein Occlusion Study data, are presented.

Aged↗