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PubMedDate not supplied

The presentations and management of transposed teeth.

Tooth transposition is an uncommon dental anomaly that nevertheless has important implications regarding treatment. This article describes six types of transposition, discussing the problems and possible solutions. It is important to ensure that the results of any treatments for transposition are both aesthetic and functional.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Eruptive tooth movement--the current state of knowledge.

How the dentition erupts, and what controls it, is fundamental to almost all aspects of clinical dentistry, yet the mechanisms behind this have not yet been fully elucidated. When the process continues into space that has been created through toothwear or tooth loss, problems in placing restorations can be encountered. This review examines the possible mechanisms of tooth eruption. Differences between processes in animals and humans are highlighted. The limitations of conclusions drawn from animal studies are then discussed with reference to human dental conditions. The differing forms of overeruption in humans are described and the treatment options for overerupted teeth, including prevention of the situation arising, are provided with a discussion of the quality of the evidence base behind these.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Physiologic drift of the mandibular dentition following first premolar extractions.

A retrospective study of two groups of patients was conducted to evaluate the physiologic drift, or "driftodontics", of the mandibular teeth following the extraction of four first premolars. Group 1 included 32 patients who underwent early extraction in the mixed dentition stage at a mean age of 10.4 years; they were followed for approximately 2.5 years postextraction. Group 2 included 20 patients whose premolars were extracted after the permanent dentition had fully erupted. Their mean age at the time of extraction was 14.2 years, followed by a 0.8 year observation period. Except for the extractions, no other mandibular therapy was rendered. The results show no differences in rates of molar movements between groups. The molar apex moved mesially approximately 0.6 mm/yr; the molar cusp moved mesially approximately 1.2 mm/yr. In contrast, there were marked group differences in movements of the mandibular incisors and canines; rates of change were significantly greater in Group 2 than in Group 1. The canines drifted laterally and distally into the extraction sites while the incisors became more upright over basal bone and less crowded. Incisor irregularity decreased 1.3 mm/yr in Group 1 and 5.5 mm/yr in Group 2. The group differences in amounts of tooth movement were accounted for by changes in incisor crowding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A cephalometric evaluation of nonextraction cervical headgear treatment in Class II malocclusions.

The effects of orthodontic treatment with the use of the cervical pull facebow headgear in patients with Class II malocclusions were evaluated with special reference to the dentition, the maxillary complex, the mandible, and the facial profile. The records of 85 patients, with a mean age of 11.3 +/- 1.7 years, were selected from a sample of 125 patient records requested from the office of John S. Kloehn in Appleton, Wisconsin. Dr. Kloehn has used traditional cervical pull facebow therapy in his practice. Over 100 linear and angular cephalometric measurements were made from the pretreatment and posttreatment records. These measurements were used to evaluate growth and/or treatment changes. The treatment sample was divided by size of the pretreatment FMA, sex, and the age range in which treatment was started, i.e., prepubertal, circumpubertal, and postpubertal. Overall, the results showed that the changes were very close to what would occur as a result of normal growth in Class I individuals. The maxillary permanent first molars continued to progress forward, the maxilla continued to grow forward, and the cranial base showed very little change, if any. The mandibular plane angle did not increase appreciably with treatment, regardless of the size of the pretreatment mandibular plane angle. Very few significant differences were found between sexes, pretreatment age groups, or between groups based on pretreatment Frankfort mandibular plane angle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Mandibular lateral incisor-canine transposition, concomitant dental anomalies, and genetic control.

Mandibular lateral incisor-canine (Mn.I2.C) transposition is a rare developmental disturbance of tooth order characterized by positional interchange of the two teeth. In children with Mn.I2.C anomaly, the mandibular lateral incisor shows distal ectopic eruption and the adjacent canine subsequently erupts mesial to it. A sample of 60 orthodontic patients with Mn.I2.C transposition was studied using roentgenograms taken at the time of diagnosis. Two age-related phenotypes of the anomaly were identified: early-stage (median age, 9 years) and mature-stage (median age, 12 years). Mn.I2.C transposition occurred bilaterally in 10 subjects (17%) and favored female expression (sex ratio, M1:F3) and right-side occurrence (68% of unilateral cases). Statistically significant associations were found between Mn.I2.C transposition and increased frequency of tooth agenesis (M3, p < 0.01; MnP2, p < 0.01) and peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors (p < 0.0001). The results from this study and the analysis of 50 previously published cases provide evidence that Mn.I2.C transposition is a disturbance of tooth order and eruptive position probably caused by genetic influences. The Mn.I2.C anomaly likely results from genetic mechanisms similar to those responsible for occurrences of its associated dental anomalies, such as tooth agenesis and peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors. In an appendix, clinical orthodontic management of Mn.I2.C transposition is discussed, based on treatment data derived from the study sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Tooth rotation associated with aplasia of nonadjacent teeth.

The prevalence of tooth rotation concomitant with aplasia of nonadjacent teeth in uncrowded, nonsyndromic subjects was assessed. The sample consisted of 1620 subjects (mean age 14 years 9 months). The findings were compared with the prevalence calculated for a matched control group of 1000 subjects. Rotation of maxillary lateral incisors in subjects with premolar aplasia and rotation of premolars in subjects presenting with maxillary lateral incisor aplasia were studied. Associations between both tooth position anomalies and tooth aplasia were significant (p < 0.01). In addition, the presence of rotated maxillary lateral incisors was also associated with aplasia of the homologous tooth on the opposite side of the dental arch; the same result was found for premolars. These data suggest a genetic component in the etiology of tooth malpositions, such as tooth rotation, which may be considered a covariable in a complex of genetically controlled dental disturbances, including tooth aplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Canine transposition in prehistoric Pakistan: Bronze Age and Iron Age case reports.

This report documents two prehistoric cases of canine-first premolar transposition (Mx.C.P1) from the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Recent discussion of the etiology of canine transposition and reports of high prevalence for the condition in modern India accentuate the significance of the ancient cases reported there. Case 1 is from the Iron Age site of Sarai Khola in northern Pakistan (1000 BC). The specimen, an adult female, 25 to 30 years of age at death, exhibits unilateral Mx.C.P1 transposition on the left side. The condition is associated with a barrel-shaped maxillary left third molar in an otherwise normal and healthy maxillary dental arch. Case 2 is from the Bronze Age urban site of Harappa (2500 BC), an important center of the Indus Valley Civilization. In this specimen, an adult female, transposition is bilateral, resulting in displacement of premolars and large diastemata between the maxillary lateral incisors and first premolars. Bilateral agenesis of maxillary third molars and rotation of maxillary and mandibular teeth occur with transposition in this specimen. In neither case are the lateral incisors reduced in size, peg-shaped, or congenitally absent. This report of Mx.C.P1 transposition in prehistoric times is significant because it provides historical documentation for the female predilection of the trait and establishes its co-occurrence with specific dental variants, such as agenesis, reduction, and rotation of teeth.

Bicuspid↗