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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Production of monoclonal antibody to renal cell carcinoma].

We report a novel way of obtaining a monoclonal antibody to renal cell carcinoma (RCC). BALB/c mice were immunized with RCC cells (ACHN, ATCC CRL1611) and hyperimmunized spleen cells were fused with Sp/2 murine myeloma cell line by PEG 2000. Many hybridoma supernatants were screened by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After the cloning by limiting dilution, we established a hybridoma reactive to RCCs and named it A25. It belonged to the IgG1 subclass of immunoglobulins. According to our results using ELISA, 4 of 5 RCC cell lines were reactive to A25, while the remaining 23 non RCC cell lines did not react. The supernatant from A25 was used as a primary antibody preparation for avidin-biotin complex immuno peroxidase staining of multiple cases of RCC, normal tissue, and other tumors. This antibody reacted with 3 of 3 grade 1 RCC, 10 of 11 grade 2 RCC and 0 of 3 grade 3 RCC. Proximal tubules of the kidney shared this antigen. However, cross reactivity of this antibody was observed to pyloric glands of the stomach and adenocarcinoma of the colon. The epitope of A25 seemed to originate from normal kidney tubules. Low grade tumors preserved this epitope well, but this character of the original tissue seemed to disappear as tumor grade increased.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Dynamic three-dimensional reconstruction of tissue Doppler ultrasound heart images].

Traditional 3D ultrasound reconstruction system can just depict 3D anatomical structure, so it is very difficult to give an accurate assessment of the functionality of the heart. In this study, a dynamic 3D reconstruction method of tissue Doppler ultrasound heart images is set up based on the combination of 3D reconstruction and tissue Doppler imaging technique. Dynamic 3D acceleration field of heart movement is reconstructed to supply a new approach of accurate assessment of functionality of the heart. The key problem of vector interpolation and fusion imaging in the process of acceleration vector field reconstruction is solved. The 3D acceleration field of heart movement and anatomical structure is reconstructed separately from the original tissue Doppler acceleration images and showed in the same field. The experimental results testified that the 3D space relationship of acceleration and anatomical structure is correct and this method can supply more information for the assessment of heart functionality.

Echocardiography, Doppler↗
PubMed1992

A study of repair cartilage from osteochondrotic humeral condyles of swine: preliminary report.

A total of 16 animals, including 12 lame and four normal boars, were used. All lame boars had severe osteochondrotic humeral condyles in which repair cartilage tissues originating from subchondral bone were observed. Quantitative chemical studies of repair cartilage and normal cartilage were carried out using humeral condyles from four selected animals (two lame and two normal boars, respectively). The repair cartilage contained a higher concentration of collagen and lower concentration of proteoglycan than did the normal cartilage, consistent with the light microscopic observation of fibrous and fibrocartilaginous tissues in the repair cartilage. The proportion of proteoglycan extractable with 4M-guanidine hydrochloride was less in the repair cartilage than the normal cartilage. The proportion of proteoglycan that can interact with hyaluronic acid was also less than normal in the repair cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Human fetal and tumor alpha-fetoproteins differ in conformationally dependent epitope variants expression.

Expression of two conformationally dependent epitopes (cdes) designated as cdeD and cde106 of human alpha-fetoprotein (hAFP) was studied in hAFP of fetal and tumor origin. This was done by immunoaffinity electrochromatography on nitrocellulose membrane and by ELISA. Using anti-cdeD and anti-cde106 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), the relationship between the cde-positive and cde-negative hAFP fractions was evaluated in 75 samples with the above techniques. It was shown that hAFP consists of cde-positive and -negative variants irrespective of its tissue origin. In all the tested AFP samples, cde-negative variants were found to be predominant, while certain quantitative differences in the content of cde-positive variants were observed. Thus, in the amniotic fluid hAFP (irrespective of normal or pathological fetal development), the level of the cde-positive molecules was higher than in hAFP of other origin (cord blood serum, patients' sera with hepatocellular carcinoma, germ cell tumors, and the other hAFP-positive tumor cases). In all the tested samples, cdeD- and cde106-positive variants were revealed practically in parallel with each other.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1983

Mixed capillary hemangioblastoma and glioma. A redefinition of the "angioglioma".

The histopathologic features of four cases of mixed capillary hemangioblastoma and glioma are described. In three cases, two of which arose in the cerebellum and one in the spinal cord, the hemangioblastic component may have originated from a neoplastic proliferation of the exuberant vascular stroma in a glial tumor. In a fourth case, a cerebellar hemangioblastoma was surrounded by a peripheral rim of atypical neoplastic-looking astrocytes ("reactive glioma"). The controversial concept of the "angioglioma" is reviewed, and it is proposed that the term be used to designate only true mixed tumors of glial and vascular tissue origin whose histologic features conform to the examples described in this report.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The significance of coronal growth of periodontal ligament tissue for new attachment formation.

The present study was designed to examine whether coronal growth of granulation tissue originating from the periodontal ligament is a prerequisite for new attachment formation. In each of 4 monkeys, 1 central incisor and 2 first molars in the maxilla and the mandible were selected for experimentation. Angular bony defects were surgically produced to the mid-root level around each single root after crown resection and root separation of the multirooted teeth. The periodontal ligament tissue and the root cementum were removed to the bottom of the bony defects. In half the number of the teeth, an elastic ligature was placed tightly around each root at the bottom of the defects (test roots). In the remaining teeth, an elastic ligature was placed loosely around each root at the same level (control roots). All roots were subsequently covered by laterally displaced flaps. After 3 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed and the jaws removed and placed in fixative. Following decalcification, histological sections of the experimental roots and their surrounding periodontal tissues were produced. The histological analysis disclosed that new attachment had former to a level coronal to the elastic ligature in 10 of 14 control roots but in only 1 of 18 test roots. The results indicate that the repopulation of a detached root surface by cells from the periodontal ligament is a prerequisite for new attachment formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Salivary gland heterotopia in the lower part of the neck.

Heterotopic salivary gland tissue in branchial cleft cysts in the upper part of the neck reputedly differentiates from the epithelial lining of the cyst. We describe a patient with salivary gland tissue found in the lower part of the neck. How salivary gland tissue finds its way to the lower neck is obscure. It is conceivable that the tissue originated from a precervical sinus or cervical vesicle, a distinct embryologic structure that forms in the lower part of the neck between the second branchial arch and the upper thoracic wall, but that normally disappears by the time of birth. The epithelial lining of the cervical vesicle is thought to be associated with the early development of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Salivary gland tissue may differentiate from the epithelial lining of cervical vesicles and nurture the growing nerves by nerve growth factor elaboration.

Branchioma↗
PubMed2003

Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for melphalan in perfusate, rat liver and tumour tissue.

A simple, sensitive and selective reversed-phase liquid chromatographic assay has been developed and validated for the anti-cancer agent melphalan in perfusate, liver and tumour tissue originating from isolated rat liver perfusion studies. Melphalan was extracted from the matrix using ice-cold methanol. The drug and the internal standard, propylparaben, were detected using ultraviolet absorbance at 262 nm. The assay has been validated in the 0.05-25 microg/mL range for perfusate; the lower limit of quantification (LLQ) is 0.05 microg/mL in perfusate and 0.25 ng/mg in liver and tumour tissues. Accuracies ranged from 89 to 110% and the inter-assay precisions were all below 15% (20% at the LLQ). Melphalan in a biological matrix has to be processed between 0 and 4 degrees C and is stable under all relevant processing and storage conditions tested. The assay has been exhaustively used in isolated liver perfusion studies with the drug demonstrating its applicability.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Intracranial hemorrhage: principles of CT and MRI interpretation.

Accurate diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage represents a frequent challenge for the practicing radiologist. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a synoptic overview of the imaging characteristics of intracranial hemorrhage, using text, tables, and figures to illustrate time-dependent changes. We examine the underlying physical, biological, and biochemical factors of evolving hematoma and correlate them with the aspect on cross-sectional imaging techniques. On CT scanning, the appearance of intracranial blood is determined by density changes which occur over time, reflecting clot formation, clot retraction, clot lysis and, eventually, tissue loss. However, MRI has become the technique of choice for assessing the age of an intracranial hemorrhage. On MRI the signal intensity of intracranial hemorrhage is much more complex and is influenced by multiple variables including: (a) age, location, and size of the lesion; (b) technical factors (e.g., sequence type and parameters, field strength); and (c) biological factors (e.g., pO2, arterial vs. venous origin, tissue pH, protein concentration, presence of a blood-brain barrier, condition of the patient). We discuss the intrinsic magnetic properties of sequential hemoglobin degradation products. The differences in evolution between extra- and intracerebral hemorrhages are addressed and illustrated.

Brain↗
PubMed1995

Ganoine formation in the scales of primitive actinopterygian fishes, lepisosteids and polypterids.

The scales of primitive living actinopterygian fishes, lepisosteids and polypterids, have retained ganoine, a hypermineralized layer which covered the scales of the osteichthyan ancestors. To know finally its tissue origin in the actinopterygian lineage, ganoine formation was described in Lepisosteus oculatus, with scales devoid of dentin, and was compared to ganoine formation in two polypterids, Calamoichthys calabaricus and Polypterus senegalus, with scales possessing a dentin layer. The events taking place before, during and after ganoine deposition were studied in experimentally regenerated scales using light and transmission electron microscopy. In spite of differences in tissue composition and in organization of the epidermal cells on the scale surface, ganoine formation is similar in both types of scales. Preganoine is deposited by epidermal cells and constitutes a thick layer which mineralizes progressively to become ganoine, a true enamel. The cellular processes involved in ganoine formation were compared to those described for enamel in mammalian teeth.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1995

[The existence of thyroglobulin in metastatic lymph nodes of thyroid carcinoma and significance of measurement of blood Tg level after surgery].

On the basis of a biochemical study of thyroid papillary and follicular carcinoma tissue (original focus, its periphery and cervical lymph node metastasis), we endeavoured to determine whether or not there was any Tg in the metastatic lymph node, and if there was, to extract and refine it, and also to determine the biochemical properties of Tg. We also investigated the relationship between the increase of blood Tg and the status of lymph node metastasis after surgery for thyroid carcinoma. There was found to be a noticeable decrease in Tg content per unit weight of the metastatic lymph node, and the iodine content in most cases had dropped almost to zero. This means that although Tg is biosynthesized in the metastatic lymph node, there is, in most cases, less than one atom of iodine per molecule of Tg, and we could find very little evidence of the formation of the thyroid hormone. As far as avidity for the antibody is concerned, that in cancer tissue Tg was much lower than that in healthy tissue Tg, and this was even more noticeable in metastatic node Tg than in primary focus Tg. In the sugar chain structure of the metastatic node, there was a lack of uniformity not seen in healthy tissue. In the lymph node metastatic focus, the production of structural Tg was noted. We also recognized the possibility that the increase of blood Tg level following surgery originates from the metastatic lymph nodes and other sites of recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pseudosarcoma of the bladder associated with residual urachus in a 3-year-old girl.

Bladder pseudosarcoma or pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation (PMP) is a rare but nevertheless very important differential diagnosis of any bladder mass. In childhood most such masses are usually malignant soft-tissue sarcomas, and distinction from these is therapeutically crucial. To date no aetiological factor for PMP has been identified in children, and treatment is limited to surgical intervention with no role for chemotherapy or radiotherapy. We report clinical, anatomical, and histological findings in a 3-year-old girl with a pseudosarcoma of the urinary bladder associated with a residual urachus, suggesting this as the originating tissue.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Metachronous soft-tissue masses in children and young adults with cancer: correlation of histology and aspiration cytology.

We describe a series of 28 fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of soft tissue from 22 patients. Four patients had two separate FNABs, and one had three aspiration procedures. The patient population was limited to children and young adults (age range, 2 months to 29 years; mean, 16 years) who were known to have diverse forms of cancer, and who subsequently developed a mass in the peripheral soft tissues (including breast). The interval between the time of diagnosis of the primary malignant neoplasm and FNAB ranged from 1 day to 17 years (mean, 39 months). All FNAB diagnoses were confirmed by subsequent surgical open biopsy or clinical follow-up greater than 1 year. No complications occurred from the procedure. The cytomorphology is presented in selected cases and correlated with the patient's original tissue histopathology. Twenty aspirates were diagnosed as cytologically malignant, one as suspicious for malignancy. Seven were considered benign. None were unsatisfactory. One false-positive and no false-negative cytologic diagnoses were obtained. The overall accuracy of FNAB diagnoses was 96%, while sensitivity was 100% and specificity 88%. Sites of aspiration included soft tissues of the head and neck (seven cases), trunk (eight cases), breast (four cases), and extremities (nine cases). Malignant cytologic diagnoses included sarcoma (thirteen), seminoma (two), lymphoma/leukemia (two), melanoma (one), undifferentiated neoplasm (one), and neuroblastoma (one). Electron microscopy of aspirated cells was used to confirm the diagnosis in two cases. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of soft tissue masses from children and young adults with cancer demonstrates a high diagnostic accuracy, and its use is justified in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Culture of syncytiotrophoblast for the study of human placental transfer. Part I: Isolation and purification of cytotrophoblast.

Criteria for a successful model for the study of trans-syncytiotrophoblast transfer include isolating substantially pure trophoblast cells from placental villous tissue, and obtaining from them phenotypical villous syncytial syncytiotrophoblast during culture. For studies involving the basal membrane, including overall transfer, basal uptake and output, and controls acting at the basal membrane, a two-sided model is required with a separate compartment of culture medium in contact with the basal cell surface. All current methods of isolating cytotrophoblast, the precursor of syncytiotrophoblast, derive from the original tissue trypsinization method of Thiede (1960), which produces cultures of villous cytotrophoblast cells contaminated with other placental cell types. Lessons learned from successful and unsuccessful development of the model over 35 years are outlined, and recently established methods for purifying the isolated mixed cells discussed. These include sedimentation and centrifugation methods, immunological and receptor binding methods, and more selective release of trophoblast cells from tissue. Immuno flow cytometric cell sorting methods are potentially capable of isolating subpopulations of various phenotypical trophoblast types. We conclude that satisfactory methods are now available for isolating and purifying cytotrophoblast from early or late gestation human placenta.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1997

The expression of tenascin-C with the AD1 variable repeat in embryonic tissues, cell lines and tumors in various vertebrate species.

Tenascin-C is a modular glycoprotein composed of domains of amino acid repeats. All forms of tenascin-C have eight constant fibronectin type III repeats, but additional fibronectin type III repeats can be spliced into a variable domain found between the fifth and sixth constant repeats. Four extra repeats, named A, B, C and D, have been examined previously. Here, we have used in situ hybridization to determine the tissue origins of the novel AD1 and AD2 repeats. In the embryonic-day-10 chicken embryo, transcripts encoding the AD2 repeat are limited to the tips of lung bronchioles and the base of feather buds. In contrast the AD1 hybridization signal was widespread. Quantitative in situ hybridization reveals AD1-containing transcripts represent up to 85% of the total tenascin-C mRNA in some tissues (developing bone), and are undetectable in others (e.g. radial glia). Avian and human tumor cell lines were examined for the expression of the AD1 repeat using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transcripts encoding six different tenascin-C splice variants incorporating the AD1 repeat were found in the fibrosarcoma cell line, QT6. Many human tumor cells, including malignant melanoma and ductal breast carcinoma, were positive for AD1 tenascin-C expression. In addition, we found evidence of AD1 tenascin-C expression in samples of excised human tumors. Our results show that a novel variant may be a major part of the tenascin-C of the embryonic extracellular matrix, and may also be found in the stroma surrounding some human tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Tissue-specific versus cell type-specific expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Expression of the glial cell-specific gene encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is regulated in a tissue-specific (neural tissue versus other tissues) as well as a cell type-specific (glial cell versus neuron) manner. Using a family of rat neurotumor RT4 cell lines in which neuronal/glial differentiation occurs in vitro, along with cell lines of different tissue origins, we identified by transient- and permanent-transfection assays two negative regulatory regions, GFAP downstream regulators 1 and 2 (GDR1 and GDR2). Both regions lie 3' of the transcription start site; GDR1 is in a 2.7-kb region extending from the first intron through the fifth exon, and GDR2 is within 1.7 kb 3' of the polyadenylylation site. GDR1 alone is responsible for tissue-specific expression (suppression in nonneural tissues), while both GDR1 and GDR2 are necessary for cell type-specific expression (suppression in neuronal cells).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Expression of mRNA of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors in Xenopus oocytes results from structurally distinct receptor mRNAs.

Poly(A)+-selected RNA prepared from cells or tissues that express a homogeneous population of either beta 1- or beta 2-adrenergic receptors was isolated and then microinjected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Following microinjection, the expression of beta-adrenergic receptors was assessed by equilibrium radioligand binding analysis using the antagonist ligand [3H]dihydroalprenolol. The pharmacology of the newly- expressed beta-adrenergic receptors in oocyte membranes was the same as that of the original tissue used as a source of RNA. Hybridization of nick-translated cDNA of hamster beta 2-adrenergic receptor to poly(A)+-selected RNA from tissues containing beta 2-adrenergic receptors was to a mRNA species of 2.2 kilobases. In contrast, hybridization of the cDNA probe to poly(A)+-selected RNA from tissues containing beta 1-adrenergic receptors was to a mRNA species of 2.0 kilobases. A single-stranded fragment of hamster beta 2-adrenergic receptor cDNA corresponding to nucleotides 730-886 was isolated and uniformly radiolabeled. This region of the gene is predicted to encode for the entire second exofacial loop (L4-5), the entire fifth transmembrane-spanning region, and the first 5 amino acid residues of the third cytoplasmic loop (L5-6) of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor. Hybridization at 48 and 56 degrees C of poly(A)+-selected RNA prepared from sources that express either beta 1 or beta 2-adrenergic receptors to the antisense orientation strand of this region of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor cDNA was followed by S1 endonuclease digestion of nonhybridized sequences. At 48 degrees C, S1-resistant hybrids from both sources of RNA protected the probe from S1 endonuclease digestion. At 56 degrees C, however, only the RNA prepared from the source of beta 2-adrenergic receptors protected the probe from S1 endonuclease digestion. These results demonstrate that the mRNAs encoding for the structurally homologous beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors are distinct in the pharmacological specificity of their translation products and in their size and structure.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Use of immunohistochemistry in clinical cytology].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of immunocytochemical methods of diagnosis in cytology. Pleural effusions and ascites fluids were analyzed from 16 patients in whom the possibility of a malignant effusion was suspected. Cells obtained from the effusions were examined following routine staining by the Papanicolaou method and immunocytochemical staining to determine the presence of tissue specific antigens, i.e. common leucocyte antigen (CLA), cytokeratins (CAM 5.2, AE1), a determinant of the Human Milk Fat Globule (HMFG2) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The results of the immunocytochemistry studies were compared with the cytologic diagnosis obtained from Papanicolaou stained smears. Good agreement was observed between the diagnosis based on the interpretation of the immunocytochemical studies and the morphological diagnosis. In particular the malignant as well as the benign cells were stained with the epithelial and leucocyte markers according to their tissue origin. Anti-cytokeratin antibody stained epithelial and mesothelial cells, antibody against HFMG2 and anti-CEA stained epithelial (adenocarcinoma) but not mesothelial cells. However macrophages were also positive with anti-CEA antibody. Anti-CLA antibody stained lymphocytes, granulocytes and macrophages but did not distinguish between benign and malignant cells. Based on the results of the present study, immunocytochemical methods using a panel of tissue specific antibodies represent a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of cellular effusions.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗