Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Textiles”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Factors affecting the performances of sepiolite and zeolite for the treatment of textile wastewater.

In this study, the adsorption mechanism of three reactive azo dyes (Everzol Black B, Everzol Red 3BS, Everzol Yellow 3RS H/C) on natural porous minerals, sepiolite and zeolite, have been examined in order to identify the ability of clay minerals on the removal of colored textile dyes from aqueous solutions. High ion exchange capacity, high surface areas and importantly their relatively cheap prices make them attractive adsorbents. For this purpose, series of batch adsorption tests were carried out as a function of solids concentration, time and dye concentration using natural and modified sepiolites and zeolites. Also, experiments were conducted to determine the amount of solid to be used in adsorption tests. An optimum solids concentration was selected as 0.05 g/mL (5%). Most of the adsorption was found to take place within the first 2h of mixing, taking into account the extreme changes like pH and concentration, the mixing period was selected as 4 h for further testing. The adsorption results indicate that both natural sepiolite and zeolite have limited adsorption capacities of the reactive dyes but are substantially improved by modifying their surfaces with quaternary amines. The mechanism of adsorption process is elucidated on the basis of experimental data.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2003

Wastewater reuse for the minimization of fresh water demand in coastal areas--selected cases from the textile finishing industry.

Availability of water to the industry often becomes prohibitive, both in terms of quality and cost, in coastal areas. This study takes the textile industry and evaluates the prerequisites of water recovery and reuse. In this context, a large spectrum are studied for their water, the general quality of wastewater generated, quality and treatability of reuse wastewater streams, and expected changes in the overall effluent quality after segregation of the recovery wastewater portion.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed2003

Co-fermentation of colored concentrates from the textile processing industry.

In the textile processing industry (TPI) inevitable highly loaded organic and/or high colored concentrates arise. A simple way to reduce the freight in the wastewater is to collect and treat these concentrates separately. An almost complete decolorization of many dyes and a digestion of substances, that are refractory under aerobic conditions, can be obtained under anaerobic conditions. Therefore the co-fermentation is an opportune procedure to dispose the concentrates of the TPI in view of ecological, economical, and procedural benefits.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed2003

Clay mineral batch process for color removal of textile wastewaters.

Textile industry effluents exhibit large amounts of dye chemicals, which create severe water pollution. It is therefore important to reduce the dye concentration in the wastewater before discharging into the environment. In this study, the ability of sepiolite to uptake different reactive dyes is investigated. The dyes used in the experiments are Everzol Black B, Everzol Yellow 3RS H/C, and Everzol Red 3BS. A number of parameters on adsorption has been investigated in order to establish the adsorption pattern of sepiolite. The effect of conditioning time, solid/liquid ratio, pH, temperature, and dye concentrations on adsorption are studied. Adsorption isotherms for different reactive dyes have been obtained using both natural and modified sepiolites. The maximum capacity of natural sepiolite for the reactive dyes occurs at around 0.1-1 mg/g. Therefore, the natural sepiolite appears to have a little capacity for reactive dyes. The zeta potential profiles of natural and modified sepiolites against pH are also examined. The modified sepiolite exhibited ten times higher performance than the natural sepiolite.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2003

Photocatalytic degradation of two selected textile dye derivatives, eosine yellowish and p-rosaniline, in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide.

Thephotocatalytic degradation of two selected textile dye derivatives, eosine yellowish (1) and p-rosaniline (2) has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide under a variety of conditions. The degradation was studied by monitoring the change in substrate concentration employing UV spectroscopic technique and decrease in Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content as a function of irradiation time under a variety of conditions. The degradation of the dye was studied under different conditions such as pH, catalyst concentration, substrate concentration, different types of TiO2 and in the presence of electron acceptor such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium bromate (KBrO3), and ammonium persulphate (NH4)2S2O8) besides molecular oxygen. The degradation rates were found to be strongly influenced by all the above parameters. The photocatalyst Degussa P25 was found to be more efficient as compared with other photocatalyst in the case of p-rosaniline, whereas UV100 was found to be better for the degradation of eosine yellowish. The xanthene dye (1) was found to degrade faster as compared to the triphenylmethane dye (2). The degradation products were analyzed by GC/MS technique and plausible mechanism for the formation of products have been proposed.

Catalysis↗
PubMed2004

Feasibility analysis of in-plant control for water minimization and wastewater reuse in a wool finishing textile mill.

This study evaluates the feasibility of water minimization and wastewater reuse for a wool finishing textile mill. The evaluation process is based upon a detailed analysis on water use, process profile and wastewater characterization, indicating a potential for 34% reduction in water consumption and for 23% of wastewater recovery for reuse. Wastewater reuse requires treatment and results in a remaining wastewater stream with stronger character and consequently more costly to treat. The feasibility includes technical considerations for appropriate treatment alternatives and related cost factors for water consumption, treatment for reuse and for discharge either to sewer or to receiving media.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Risk factors for fibroadenoma in a cohort of female textile workers in Shanghai, China.

Risk factors for fibroadenoma were investigated in a cohort of 265,402 female textile workers in Shanghai, China, who were interviewed at enrollment into a randomized trial of breast self-examination between October 1989 and October 1991 and followed until July 2000. Based on 1,507 women who developed fibroadenoma, relative risks and trends in risk were estimated using Cox regression. The risk of fibroadenoma was highest in women under 35 years of age, and it decreased with age after 35 and dropped markedly at the time of menopause. The risk decreased with increasing number of livebirths and with duration of oral contraceptive use. The risk increased with number of prior benign breast lesions and with decreasing age at the first benign lesion. The risk of a diagnosis of fibroadenoma was elevated in women who received instruction in breast self-examination. The development and persistence of fibroadenomas are dependent on the presence of ovarian hormones, and full-term pregnancies and exposure to exogenous estrogen-progesterone combinations before menopause may reduce risk by enhancing differentiation or reducing estrogen-induced proliferation in the mammary epithelium. The practice of breast self-examination detects some fibroadenomas that would otherwise not be detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Multistage modelling of lung cancer mortality in asbestos textile workers.

The Armitage-Doll multistage model of cancer is applied to data from a cohort study of lung cancer in 1261 white male workers from one asbestos textile manufacturing plant. Three approaches are used: induction time analysis; analysis of the relationship of the excess incidence rate to age at first exposure and time since first exposure; and direct fitting of the Armitage-Doll model. Poisson regression was used for all analyses. The induction time analysis was conducted using Rothman's 'window of exposure' method. This suggested that the increase in rate ratio was primarily due to exposures occurring 15-24 years previously, whereas there was little effect from exposures occurring 0-14 or 25+ years previously. The excess incidence rate increased both with age at first exposure and time since first exposure, suggesting that asbestos acted at a stage intermediate between the first and penultimate stages. Direct fitting of the Armitage-Doll model suggested that the best fit was obtained by assuming that asbestos acts at stage 3, 4 or 5 of a six-stage process. Most analyses of the type presented here are unable to determine at which stage a carcinogen acts, due to the small numbers of cancer deaths occurring in typical occupational cohorts. Furthermore, there is reason to doubt the validity of the Armitage-Doll model. However, such analyses can at least suggest whether a carcinogen appears to act at an early, intermediate or late stage, and the general statistical methods applied here will retain their usefulness as further models are developed and larger data sets become available.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Retrospective assessment of exposure by experts: the example of formaldehyde, solvents and mineral oils among textile and metal workers.

The validity of retrospective assessment of occupational exposure greatly depends on the amount of detail in the available information, on the knowledge of the specific industrial process by the experts, and on the criteria adopted to define relevant exposure. These criteria are difficult to standardize and are rarely made explicit in published reports, which makes it difficult to interpret inconsistencies among different studies. In two ongoing case-control studies on kidney cancer and, respectively, malignant lymphomas, a detailed occupational history was obtained and supplemented by 19 additional questionnaires, specifically addressing industrial activities where the knowledge of job title alone would have been insufficient for reliable exposure assessment. One further questionnaire was used to collect details of task and environment for all the other activities. These data are used to establish probability, intensity and frequency of exposure to 30 substances known or suspected to be carcinogenic from previous studies. There are two basic steps in the exposure assessment procedure: firstly, general rules are defined for each job within each activity covered by specific questionnaires; secondly the judgement is modulated according to the detailed tasks, working conditions and environment. To illustrate the process and to facilitate comparison with other studies, examples are given for a few common exposures in the textile and metal industries--the two most frequent economic activities in the study area--namely exposure to mineral oils, formaldehyde, aromatic solvents, chlorinated solvents and other organic solvents.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1990

Acute and chronic changes in pulmonary functions among Indian textile workers.

An epidemiological study was carried out in three textile mills of Ahmedabad. A total of 214 cotton dust exposed and 184 control subjects were examined for pulmonary function tests. Pulmonary function tests included forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second. The pulmonary function tests were carried out before starting the shift and after 7 hours of exposure on a vitalograph spirometer. The study shows that among the cotton dust exposed workers byssinotics behave distinctly and show the maximum acute and chronic changes in pulmonary functions. It seems that the effect of cotton dust exposure on the byssinotic subjects is more predominant than the effect of smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hypothyroidism in textile workers.

Four cases of overt hypothyroidism, three of whom were men in their early forties, had occurred over a period of 6 years at a textile factory where thiourea and resorcinol were used in the finishing departments. A follow-up survey of 189 men and 48 women (44 per cent of employees) revealed 12 new cases of varying grades of hypothyroidism, categorized after the system proposed by Evered. These included a case of mild hypothyroidism in a male worker, who subsequently received thyroid hormone replacement therapy as a hospital out-patient. A full occupational hygiene survey was carried out to determine possible sources of exposure to thiourea and resorcinol. Although we were unable to demonstrate a statistically significant occurrence of biochemically and immunologically detectable disturbances in thyroid function among this workforce, we did note that three of the original index cases and several of those workers with varying degrees of minor dysfunction in the follow-up study seemed to cluster in locations where exhausted fumes could accumulate.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

In vitro cytotoxicity of textile paint components linked to the "Ardystil syndrome".

The spraying of a paint formula (Acramin F system) had led to severe pulmonary disease in textile printing sprayers in Spain and Algeria (Ardystil syndrome). In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the toxicity of this paint and its main polymeric components, Acramin FWR, Acramin FWN, Acrafix FHN, and Acramoll W, we have undertaken studies using a battery of different cell-types and assessing in vitro cytotoxicity by measuring LDH leakage. This study shows that, as in in vivo studies, the three polycationic paint components, Acramin FWR (a polyurea), Acramin FWN (a polyamide-amine), and Acrafix FHN (a polyamine) exhibited considerable cytotoxicity (LC50 generally below 100 microg/ml for an incubation of 20-24 h) in vitro, while Acramoll W, which is not a polycation, was almost non-toxic (in the concentration range tested). The cytotoxicity was comparable in primary cultures of rat and human type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages as well as in the pulmonary cell line A549 and the hepatic cell line HepG2. In human erythrocytes, the toxicity was less pronounced. We speculate that the multiple positive charges play an important role in the toxic mechanism. It is concluded that Acramin FWR and Acramin FWN have similar intrinsic toxicity and that these polymeric compounds, which have no irritant properties or systemic toxicity when given orally, exert a high, unexpected, degree of cytotoxicity.

Adipates↗
PubMed1978

Differences in pulmonary function tests among whites, blacks, and American Indians in a textile company.

Normal standards for pulmonary function in nonwhite populations are not presently available to occupational health workers. The present study examined differences in %FVC, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF 200-1200 and FEF 25-75% among whites, blacks, and American Indians. The sample consisted of 4209 job applicants to a textile company in southeastern United States. Multiple regression and analyses of covariance were employed to control differences in age, height, weight, and smoking status. Blacks were significantly lower in five of the six comparisons but higher in FEV1/FVC%. The pulmonary function measures of Indians fell generally between those of whites and blacks. Differences were observed between blacks and whites of both sexes regarding the effects of cigarette smoking. The need for race specific stardards was confirmed and the question of using smokers in the acquisition of normative data was raised.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of dust exposure in Ontario cotton textile mills.

The acute effect of cotton dust on respiratory function was assessed. Respiratory questionnaires, preshift and postshift pulmonary function testing and air sampling were completed for 176 cotton textile workers and 33 controls. The results showed a dose-response relationship between vertical elutriator dust measurements and change in forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) over the work shift. Dust levels of 0.2 mg/m3 or less were not associated with significant acute falls in FEV1.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Occupational bladder cancer in textile dyeing and printing workers: six cases and their significance for screening programs.

Occupational bladder cancer due to aniline dye intermediates such as beta-naphthylamine and benzidine has long been known; benzidine congeners (o-tolidine and o-dianisidine) are highly suspect. Among 400 men from the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (ACTWU) Dyers locals in New York and New Jersey screened over a 4-year period, two cases of bladder cancer were detected. (Microscopic hematuria, not cytological evaluation, prompted further investigation.) Before a 1984 ACTWU screening program in North Carolina, three workers from the same plant self-reported bladder cancers. Another member, with inconclusive screening results, was diagnosed 2 years later. For these six cases, the mean age at detection was 56.5 years (age range, 38 to 79 years), a decade earlier than age at diagnosis of nonoccupational bladder cancer in men. The average latency from onset of exposure to diagnosis was 23.3 years. These cancers provide evidence to support the initiation of screening programs for high-risk workers. To overcome the emotional and economic disincentives faced by potential victims of occupational bladder cancer, training programs are needed. Worker involvement is required, through trade union representation where possible, to assure reliable training and the equitable distribution of screening and treatment costs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of different types of textile fabric on spermatogenesis. I. Electrostatic potentials generated on surface of human scrotum by wearing different types of fabric.

This paper comprises a study of the electrostatic potentials generated on the surface of the scrotal area when different types of textile fabric were worn. 21 healthy volunteers were divided into 3 equal groups. The first group was dressed in underpants made of 100% polyester, the second of 100% cotton, and the third of a 50:50% polyester:cotton mixture. With an electrostatic kilovoltmeter, the electrostatic potentials were measured 1 h after wearing the pants once at daytime and a second time at night. The test was repeated 4 times, each on a separate day. No electrostatic potentials were detected on the cotton underpants. The polyester pants showed the highest potentials (mean 338.9 +/- 25 SD Volt cm-2) while the mixed polyester:cotton pants produced less than half that level (mean 148.3 +/- 16 SD Volt cm-2). The readings at daytime were higher than at night, probably due to the higher temperature during the day. The accumulated electrostatic charges on the pants are due to the friction of the pants with the skin. As a result of friction, equal and opposite charges are accumulated on the skin surface and on the inner surface of the pants facing the skin. Eventually, an 'electrostatic field' is produced traversing the scrotal contents and may disturb the testicles and/or epididymis leading to disordered spermatogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Motor neuron disease in textile factory workers.

Five cases of motor neuron disease occurred during the period 1983-1987 in 4 small and medium-sized textile factories. These cases were 45% of 11 motor neuron disease patients diagnosed in this period in a population of about 300,000 persons. This observations may be relevant to toxic occupational hazards in the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Multiple application delayed onset contact urticaria: possible relation to certain unusual formalin and textile reactions?

An unusual type of contact urticaria to formalin is described, based on 4 patients and experiments in 14 volunteers. The contact urticaria appeared on healthy skin only following repeated open applications or after a single application on slightly diseased skin. The possible relation of this phenomenon for patients claiming textile intolerance is discussed. Further tests are required to reveal the mechanism of this delayed onset contact urticaria to formalin.

Adolescent↗