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PubMed2006

[Preparation, characterization and preliminary application of recombinant protein AP33 of trichomonas vaginalis].

OBJECTIVE: To clone ap33 gene of Trichomonas vaginalis( T. v), construct prokaryotic expression system of the gene and identify its antigenicity and immunogenicity. METHODS: The total RNA was extracted from a clinical isolate Tv317 and the cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription. The ap33 gene from cDNA of Tv317 was amplified by PCR. The nucleotide sequence of the target DNA amplification fragment was sequenced after T-A cloning. The expression vector pET32a (+) with inserted ap33 gene was constructed. Recombinant fusion protein AP33 was expressed in E. coli strain BL21DE3 induced by IPTG at different dosages. Western blotting was applied to determine immunoreactivity of the recombinant fusion protein AP33 with antibody against whole cell of T. v. Double agar diffusion was applied to determine immunogenicity of the recombinant fusion protein AP33 with rabbit antiserum immunized with the recombinant fusion protein AP33, and ELISA with antigen of T. v whole cell was applied to determine immunogenicity of the recombinant protein AP33. Positive human sera were tested by ELISA with the recombinant fusion protein AP33. RESULTS: High homology of nucleotide and amino acid sequences was revealed between the cloned ap33 and the corresponding gene. The recombinant protein showed a high expression level. The recombinant protein was recognized by anti-T. v polyclonal antibody from rabbit, and showed a high titer. The clinical T. v isolates showed high ap33 expression level and stimulated the production of specific antibody. Antibody against AP33 was detected in 78% of the 50 patients infected with T. v by ELISA. CONCLUSION: A prokaryotic expression system of T. v ap33 gene has been established. The expressed fusion protein AP33 shows satisfactory antigenicity and immunogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Investigation of the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis with respect to diverse social variables in women (Malatya, Turkey)].

Trichomonas vaginalis is a monoxen parasite and its definitive host is human. It is known that the way of life is an important factor affecting incidence because of sexual transmission. In the present study, the incidence of T. vaginalis has been investigated with direct microscopy, Giemsa staining and culture (cysteine-peptone-liver-maltose (CPLM)). The study included 675 females with complaints of vaginal discharge who presented at different health departments or hospitals in the Malatya region during 2000-2001. T. vaginalis was seen in 55 (8.1%) patients. In addition, during period of presentation, a questionnaire was used to determine the relationship between the sociocultural status of the women and the incidence of T. vaginalis. Some of the questions in this questionnaire showed statistically significant differences in T. vaginalis infections related to the women's sociocultural status. These are as follows: type of toilet used; method and frequency of bathing; type, color, odor and frequency of vaginal discharge, level of knowledge of common sexually transmitted diseases and trichomoniasis; employment or non-employment of herself and her husband; life style in home; and educational level of husband. However, there was no statistical difference seen between other questions in the questionnaire and the existence of T. vaginalis infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis in patients with nonspecific vaginal discharge].

Trichomoniasis, a protozoan infection, has a worldwide distribution and is the most common nonviral, sexually transmitted disease. In this study, we examined the vaginal swab samples of 114 patients who presented at the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic in Ankara in 2004, for the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) using direct microscopy and culture methods. The samples were taken from patients with nonspecific vaginal discharge during their gynecological examination. Twenty of the samples were obtained from postmenopausal women. T. vaginalis was found in 8 (7%) out of 114 patients and 2 of the samples were from post menopausal women. As a result, the T. vaginalis rate among patients who presenting at outpatient clinics with nonspecific vaginal dis-charge was found to be comparable with the results of the other studies which were carried out in Ankara and other regions of Turkey. Further studies with more samples are needed in order to explain the high rate found among postmenopausal women in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathologic changes in pigeons infected with a virulent Trichomonas gallinae strain (Eiberg).

Trichomonas gallinae, Eiberg strain, is a virulent hepatotropic flagellate parasite of pigeons. The parasite initially infects the upper digestive tract, causing the formation of ulcers, which allow it to enter the circulatory system. The trichomonads later gain access to the liver, where they cause the formation of caseous lesions. Vascular congestion and perivascular cuffing in the liver were seen as early as 4 days postinfection (PI). By day 7 PI, a marked reduction in abdominal fat and hepatosplenomegaly was evident. Hepatocytes underwent fatty degeneration (seen by day 7 PI) before total necrosis set in. On day 8 PI, trichomonads could be found among the necrotic hepatocytes in caseous lesions. These lesions were delineated by a wall of leukocytes and occasional giant cells. Nonimmune pigeons died within 14 to 17 days PI of liver dysfunction. Other organs (kidney and genitalia) were also seen to undergo degeneration. These manifestations probably reflect the progression of liver dysfunction.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

[The detection of the surface antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis by using the scanning electron microscope].

The method for the detection of surface antigens, based on antibody aggregation phenomenon, was used in scanning microscopy of T. vaginalis. After Trichomonas treatment with immune blood serum diluted 1:5000--1:10,000 aggregates were detected, consisting of subunits 30-80 nm in diameter, localized on the protozoal cilia, projections, and, less frequently, body. Analysis of the results following the material treatment with colloid gold-conjugated anti-IgG permits a conclusion that the detected aggregates are antibodies to immunogenic surface antigens of T. vaginalis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Trichomonas vaginalis.

Although not life-threatening, trichomoniasis is a major health problem, especially in women. It is transmitted sexually and has a very high incidence worldwide. We argue that Trichomonas vaginalis is not a commensal. Attempts should be made to identify this pathogen in all suspicious cases. Although culturing remains the most sensitive method to detect T vaginalis, newer methodologies such as monoclonal antibody fluorescent and direct staining make it possible to diagnose an infection with high sensitivity and specificity and to treat the patient at the same visit. Treatment is effective, approaching a 100% success rate when sexual consorts are also treated. Only by aggressive attempts to diagnose and treat this disease can we stop its spread.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Statistical observations on the incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis in the female population of Terni from 1974 to 1978].

The casuistics refers to 1646 cases equal to 20,5% of vaginal trichomoniasis in a total of 7996 pap tests examined in the service of Anatomy and Histology Pathology in the hospital of Terni. The exams of the incidences of trichomoniasis in the various age classes, reveals that the main frequency is found in the 2nd., 3rd., 4th decades of life, that is in the period of maximum sexual attivity. Vaginal Trichomonas is rarer before puberty and after the menopause.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative studies on Trichomonas vaginalis in the scanning electron microscope].

Different strains of Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from the vagina of women with trichomoniasis were used in these investigations. The cultures were carried out on modified CPLM and Roiron media. Individuals at the highest phase of logarithmic growth underwent the observation. Preparations to be evaluated in scanning electron microscope ( JEOL - JSM -S1) were made from a condensed culture containing 500,000 individuals per ml. Each time, microscopic pictures obtained after washing, demucination and various fixation procedures and after lyophylisation were compared to each other. The pictures obtained from smears taken from the vagina of women with trichomoniasis were compared, too. Special attention was paid to the behaviour of the surface and motion organelles of the parasite.

Biometry↗
PubMed1988

Effect of metronidazole on the cell surface charge of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus.

1. The effect of metronidazole, a drug used in the treatment of trichomoniasis, on the surface charge of both Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritichomonas foetus was analyzed by cell electrophoresis. 2. Incubation of the parasites under anaerobic conditions for 2 or 120 min in the presence of 2.0 micrograms/ml metronidazole, a concentration which inhibits cell growth by about 50%, led to a marked decrease in the net surface charge of the parasites. 3. The metronidazole analogue, 1-hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-1-4-nitroimidazole, inhibited protozoan growth but had no effect on net surface charge. 4. These observations indicate that, in addition to its effect on intracellular structure, such as hydrogenosomes, metronidazole alters the surface of trichomonads.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Intravenous therapy of metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis.

Metronidazole resistance is an uncommon cause of treatment failure of Trichomonas vaginalis. High-dose intravenous metronidazole was used successfully to treat a patient in whom repeated oral therapy with this agent had failed. Metronidazole resistance was documented by aerobic cultures for susceptibility; anaerobic cultures failed to indicate resistance. Metronidazole serum levels were documented. With failure of repeated oral therapy, intravenous metronidazole may be indicated if there is no evidence of other causes for treatment failure, such as patient noncompliance or reinfection.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Experimental transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis in laboratory animals and the chemistry of vaginal exudates.

Experimental transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis into laboratory was carried out. The protein and glucose levels of infected vaginal exudates were also investigated. Subcutaneous lesions were produced in the mice with influx of neutrophils and macrophages and sloughing of epidermal parts. Rats, seem to be refractory to this infection. Compared with normal persons, the protein and glucose levels were higher and richer in exudates of patients with T. vaginalis infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative immunoelectrophoretic studies of total water-soluble extracts of Trichomonas vaginalis, T. tenax and T. hominis].

An antigen characterization was carried out by the method of two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, and on this basis the antigen community and the antigenic differences between the 3 Trichomonas species parasitic in man were investigated. In the homologous antigen-antibody-systems a maximum number of precipitation curves is formed--21 in T. vaginalis and 20 each in T. tenax and T. hominis. According to our setting of the experiment T. vaginalis has 5 specific antigens in regard to T. tenax and 3 in regard to T. hominis. T. tenax has 2 specific antigens in regard to T. vaginalis and 7 in regard to T. hominis, T. hominis has 2 specific antigens in regard to T. vaginalis and 3 in regard to T. tenax. The presence of antigenic differences is important for the immunological characterization of the 3 species and demonstrates their validity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Proliferative response of human lymphocytes to secretory and cellular antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Lymphocytes from patients with active trichomoniasis showed a proliferative response when incubated in the presence of secretory and cellular products of either pathogenic or non-pathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis. Maximal responses were detected using 50 micrograms per ml protein after 5 days incubation. Lymphocytes from non-infected laboratory workers showed no response to these antigens. This indicates that delayed hypersensitivity reactions may act to modulate inflammatory responses in trichomoniasis.

Antigens, Protozoan↗
PubMed1984

Pathogenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis: cytopathologic and histopathologic changes of the cervical epithelium.

Virulence of 52 Trichomonas vaginalis isolates was estimated by the subcutaneous mouse assay. A positive linear relationship was found between the mean volumes of subcutaneous abscesses caused by the parasites in mice and severity of cervical epithelial abnormalities observed in the patients from whom these strains had been isolated. This relationship implies that virulence of the human urogenital trichomonad, as measured by the mouse assay, may be related to some factors associated with dysplastic changes in the cervical epithelium. No relationships appeared to exist between the results of the mouse assay and inflammation of the vagina and cervix as evaluated clinically or pathologically, although these data were not analyzed statistically; likewise, no relationships were found between the mouse assay and nonprotozoal microorganisms identified in donors of the trichomonad strains.

Abscess↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of Trichomonas vaginalis from the respiratory tract of infants with respiratory disease.

Trichomonas vaginalis was isolated from the respiratory tracts of two infants with respiratory disease. Bacterial and viral cultures of tracheal aspirates and nasopharyngeal specimens did not detect bacterial pathogens or viruses; however, T vaginalis was found to be present in inoculated cell cultures. Both infants were delivered vaginally by mothers with known previous episodes of T vaginalis infection. The possibility that this organism may, on occasion, cause respiratory tract disease needs further evaluation.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1983

[Diagnostic and epidemiologic significance of multinuclear and round forms of Trichomonas vaginalis].

Trichomonas are analyzed in the material taken directly from the urogenital tract of male and female patients cultivated on Roiron medium and using different methods for staining the preparations was carried out. It is observed that some of the preparations examined show round nuclear forms of T. vaginalis impossible the detect by laboratory methods used up to now. The techniques used in this study decrease the risk of false diagnosis of these forms of trichomoniasis by less experienced examiners thus facilitating correct diagnosis and therapy. It should be also said, that they are simple and easy to carry out in the laboratory.

Diagnosis, Differential↗