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[Occurrence of helminths during spring and autumn months on rudd (Scardinus erythrophthalmus L. 1758) from Kocadere stream (Bursa)].

The aim of this study was to determine the rate of helminth infection in rudd, (Scardinus erythrophthalmus L. 1758) between spring and autumn seasons. A total of 87 rudd fish were investigated. Of these, 66 were infected with four species [Dactylogyrus difformis (Monogenea), Diplostomulum spathaceum metacerceria with Asymplodora markewitschi (Digenea), and Hysterothylacium sp. (Nematoda)]. During the study, it was noted that 46 out of 87 hosts were infected with D. difformis . The level of infection for this species was found to be 93% in the spring but it was 13% in the autumn. For D. spathaceum which was the second dominant species, 365 para-sites were found on 71 of 87 hosts. The maximum infection level for this species was 95% in the autumn. A total of 55 A. markewitschi could be found on 3 fish only during the spring. During the study, the lowest infection rate of the four species was that of Hysterothylacium sp. of which only 8 specimens were found on 7 fish.

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Current status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in Singapore.

Parasitic infections adopt a rather low profile in the highly urbanized setting in Singapore. Very few food-borne parasitic infections are encountered. Apart from a few reports of infections with Clonorchis/Opisthorchis, Taenia spp. and hydatid disease, there are no other citations of such helminthic infections. Seroprevalence surveys have shown the presence of toxoplasmosis in local meat animals (sheep, pigs and cattle) and Toxoplasma strains have been isolated from the pig, tree shrew (Tupaia glis), slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) and guinea pigs. Human toxoplasmosis is prevalent in Singapore. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies are found in the normal population as well as in clinical cases (cervical lymphadenopathy, ocular disease and congenital toxoplasmosis). Carcasses/organs from meat animals (sheep, pigs, cattle) slaughtered at local abattoirs were examined for parasites. The main parasites found were Ascaris suum, Dictyocaulus, Metastrongylus, Cysticercus ovis, Fasciola hepatica and Sarcocystis spp. Pigs were also examined for trichinosis and, thus far, these have all been negative.

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