Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “THYROID NEOPLASMS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Early diagnosis and detection of clinically non-suspected thyroid neoplasia by the cytologic method: a critical review of 1536 aspiration biopsies.

Aspiration biopsies were performed on 1536 patients with goiter who showed scintigraphically "cold" nodules. Twelve among them had clinical and cytological positive diagnosis. The remaining 1524 patients had aspiration biopsies without suspicion of the malignant nature of their goiters. Among them, 45 patients had a positive or suspect cytological diagnosis. Fourteen had not been yet operated on. Thirty-one were operated on and 28 malignancies were confirmed histologically. In three patients, cytological diagnosis was false positive. The remaining patients were cytologically negative. Thirty-seven were operated on and four false negative cases were found. The application of aspiration biopsy on every patient with a cold thyroid nodule resulted in the detection and very early diagnosis of clinically unsuspected thyroid neoplasms, the great majority of which were confined to the gland itself without metastasic spread. This fact makes the prognosis better. In addition, it is probable that the early detection of differentiated thyroid neoplasms and their surgical ablation interrupt their natural course towards anaplastic carcinoma, with its grim prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

FHIT and TSG101 in thyroid tumours: aberrant transcripts reflect rare abnormal RNA processing events of uncertain pathogenetic or clinical significance.

OBJECTIVE: The chromosomal regions containing the two putative tumour suppressors, fragile histidine triad gene (FHIT) and tumour suppressor gene 101 (TSG101), are deleted frequently in thyroid tumours. We therefore analysed FHIT and TSG101 transcripts in a group of advanced thyroid tumours to establish their role in thyroid tumorigenesis. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of FHIT and TSG101 mRNA transcripts and genomic DNA from cryo-preserved thyroid tumours. TP53, previously shown at the genomic level not to be mutated in this cohort of tumours, served as a control. PATIENTS: We analysed nine follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC), six papillary thyroid carcinomas and six follicular adenomas (FA) and histologically normal thyroid tissue from four of the FA patients. MEASUREMENTS: Single stage and nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products of FHIT, TSG101, and TP53 were analysed by agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sequenced. Genomic DNA was also analysed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing (FHIT) or by Southern blotting (TSG101). Clinical data were correlated with the results of the mutation analysis. RESULTS: Truncated FHIT transcripts were observed frequently alongside full length transcripts with nested RT-PCR, most often in FTC, while single stage RT-PCR revealed only normal length transcripts in all tumours. Similar results were obtained for TP53, while abnormal TSG101 transcripts were detectable by single stage RT-PCR. Sequence analysis of the truncated FHIT and TSG101 transcripts revealed mainly exon skipping and alternate RNA processing events. Only a single point mutation (of TSG101) was found. Southern blotting for the TSG101 gene, and PCR amplification and sequencing of the FHIT gene showed no evidence of genomic abnormalities in either case, and there was no evidence of splice site mutations in the FHIT gene, suggesting that the truncated transcripts result from altered RNA processing. There was no relationship between tumour stage, grade or survival and the presence of FHIT or TSG101 abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Truncated FHIT and TSG101 transcripts in thyroid tumours reflect alternate mRNA splicing events, rather than genomic deletions. Such abnormal RNA processing seems to be common and widespread in thyroid neoplasms, as similar results were obtained by analysis of transcripts of TP53, which we had previously shown not to be mutated in these specimens. Although a pathogenetic role for these aberrant transcripts remains possible, no correlation was found with stage, histological grade or outcome in this small group of advanced thyroid malignancies. Relaxation of mRNA splice control appears to be a feature of follicular cell-derived thyroid neoplasms.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed2025

TSH Cutoffs and Recurrence Risk in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

CONTEXT: The current American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines recommend tailored TSH suppression, considering the recurrence risk of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC); however, the evidence is limited. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the risk of recurrence in patients with DTC, stratified by the ATA risk of recurrence, according to variable thyrotropin (TSH) cutoffs (0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 mIU/L). METHODS: We searched Ovid-Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for studies reporting the recurrence rate of DTCs based on TSH cutoffs through March 2024. The search terms used included "thyroid neoplasm" OR "cancer," "TSH" OR "thyroid stimulating hormone," "suppress" OR "supplementation," and "thyroidectomy". RESULTS: Two randomized controlled trials and 7 observational studies, including 5320 patients, were analyzed, with an overall recurrence rate of 18%. The pooled recurrence risk for DTCs at each TSH cutoff (0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 mIU/L) was not significant. In the subgroup analysis, the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) stratified by the ATA risk of recurrence (low- and high-risk DTCs) did not differ according to TSH levels. However, the risks of recurrence increased at serum TSH of 0.1 mIU/L or greater (HR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.29-3.99) and TSH of 2.0 mIU/L or greater (HR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.001-1.84) in a leave-one-out meta-analysis after removing the study that significantly influenced the analysis. Patients with distant metastases had a higher risk of recurrence (HR 3.3; 95% CI, 1.53-7.10) when maintaining a TSH greater than or equal to 0.1 mIU/L. CONCLUSION: The degree of TSH suppression did not affect the overall risk of DTC recurrence. However, TSH suppression may be beneficial in reducing the recurrence risk in high-risk patients with distant metastases.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[Thyroid cancer with extension to the upper respiratory-digestive tract: therapeutic approach].

Thyroid carcinomas usually have a good prognosis, particularly well-differentiated tumors confined to the gland. An analysis was made of the treatment and prognosis of thyroid neoplasms with invasion of the upper respiratory and digestive tract. Of 211 patients treated at our institution from 1975 to 1994, only 18 had invasion of the upper respiratory and digestive system. All patients were treated surgically. The procedures included total thyroidectomy, laryngectomy, partial esophagectomy, and tracheal resection. The neoplasm recurred locally after complete resection in 33%. Cervical lymph node metastases occurred in 17% and distant metastases in 33%. The 5-year survival rate was 46% for well-differentiated carcinomas. Invasion of the respiratory and digestive tract had negative prognostic significance in the statistical analysis. Locally advanced thyroid neoplasms had a poorer prognosis than those limited to the thyroid gland. However, complete surgical resection of the malignancy was achieved in most patients without functionally mutilating procedures and with satisfactory survival results.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Postoperative complications of surgery for malignant tumors of the thyroid gland].

In order to assess the main complications following surgical treatment of thyroid neoplasms, a prospective-historical study was made in 145 patients operated between 1985 and 1997. Permanent hypocalcemia was encountered in 3.3% of our cases, and unilateral nerve injury in 2.2%, with 0.7% of fatal complications. The remain complications evaluated include: serohematoma, postoperative bleeding, and wound infection. To sum up, surgery of the thyroid neoplasms is a relatively safety procedure. The incidence of complications is similar to the surgical treatment of the remainder thyroid diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Diagnostic significance of papillary structures and intranuclear inclusions in Hurthle-cell neoplasms of the thyroid.

Papillary structures and intranuclear inclusions, features which are not ordinarily associated with Hurthle-cell lesions, are occasionally noted within Hurthle-cell-rich aspirates. The diagnostic significance of these features in this setting, if any, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these features are diagnostically useful. Specifically, since fine-needle aspiration cytology cannot distinguish between Hurthle-cell adenoma and carcinoma, we wanted to know whether the presence of either feature might aid in preoperatively assessing the likelihood of carcinoma vs. adenoma. We identified 12 cases in which a diagnosis of Hurthle-cell lesion was made by thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy. All cases had subsequent surgery. For every case, all cytology slides were reviewed for the presence or absence of papillary structures and intranuclear inclusions, after which the findings were correlated with the final surgical pathological diagnosis. Seven of the 12 cases had identifiable papillary structures, ranging from cases where papillary structures comprised the predominant architectural pattern to cases where rare papillary structures were found amidst a predominance of sheets and single Hurthle cells. Four of the 12 cases had intranuclear inclusions. In all cases, intranuclear inclusions were uncommon. Of 6 cases that proved to be Hurthle-cell carcinoma, 5 had papillary structures on the antecedent fine-needle aspirate cytology, and 2 had intranuclear inclusions. Of 6 cases that proved to be Hurthle-cell adenoma, 2 had papillary structures, and 2 had intranuclear inclusions. Papillary structures had a sensitivity of 83% for the presence of carcinoma, a specificity of 66%, a positive predictive value of 71%, and a negative predictive value of 80% (P = 0.2). Intranuclear inclusions had a sensitivity of 33%, a specificity of 66%, and positive and negative predictive values of 50%. Papillary structures are more common in Hurthle-cell aspirates than previously recognized. Their presence is not diagnostic of carcinoma, but neither does their absence rule out carcinoma. However, when found, the likelihood of an ultimate diagnosis of Hurthle-cell carcinoma is increased. On the other hand, intranuclear inclusions, when rare, appear to have no diagnostic value.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

The diagnosis of malignant follicular neoplasms of the thyroid by needle biopsy.

To test the value of needle biopsy for a diagnosis of follicular thyroid malignancy, we compared needle biopsy and surgical diagnoses for 1005 patients. There were 67 follicular carcinomas, 34 Hurthle cell carcinomas, and 39 follicular variants of papillary carcinoma. Malignancy was diagnosed or suspected by biopsy for 114 of the cancers (82%), considered "possible" for 24 (17%), and misdiagnosed as "benign" in 2. Sensitivity of fine-needle biopsy (FNB) for the diagnosis of 39 cancers approximated that of large-needle biopsy (LNB) for 101 cancers 2 cm or larger. Diagnostic specificity for cancer varied with the degree of cytologic or histologic abnormality. Specificity of FNB was comparable to LNB on nodules large enough for both procedures. Specificity of FNB on nodules too small for LNB was substantially less. The sensitivity of needle biopsy allows selection of many follicular nodules for observation. Knowledge of the probability of cancer for each cytologic or histologic diagnosis is useful in determination of the need for thyroid surgery.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Diagnostic value of AgNOR staining in follicular cell neoplasms of the thyroid: comparison of evaluation methods and nucleolar features.

The diagnostic value of argyrophil staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) was studied in 95 nonneoplastic and neoplastic follicular lesions of the thyroid. Different AgNOR parameters such as number, size, and distribution pattern were determined using digital image analysis. In addition, nuclear and nucleolar size as well as the percentage of nucleoli touching the nuclear membrane (nucleolar margination) were assessed. A stepwise increase in nuclear size and AgNOR counts from normal thyroid tissue to follicular adenoma as well as from differentiated follicular to anaplastic carcinoma was found (mean nuclear area [micron2]/mean AgNOR number per cell: 21.5/1.6 vs. 34.4/3.5 and 45.3/5.0 vs. 66.5/10.8, p < 0.01/p < 0.001). There was, however, no clear separation between these diagnostic groups. In contrast, an almost total discrimination between follicular adenoma and carcinoma was achieved by quantification of AgNORs per tumor cell nucleolus (AgNOR distribution score). In benign adenomas, 3.3% (range, 0-8.8%) of the cells showed nucleoli with at least five AgNOR dots within one focal plane, whereas in follicular carcinomas, the corresponding value was 34.1% (range, 12-75%). Two of four cases of so-called atypical adenomas showed values in the range of benign adenomas, and two were in the range of follicular carcinomas. In comparison with other nuclear and nucleolar parameters, the AgNOR distribution score proved the most valuable diagnostic criterion for the cytomorphological differentiation between follicular adenoma and carcinoma of the thyroid.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2004

Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid: view, biases, and experiences.

The authors review the group of thyroid tumors characterized by a follicular growth pattern; these include follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, and the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. Most of these lesions can be diagnosed with ease, but a subgroup has generated recent controversy in the literature. The authors present their views based on their experience with the cytologic and histologic diagnosis of these tumors and propose a scheme to assist in their classification and appropriate clinical management.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2003

Heparanase, galectin-3, and tissue factor mRNA are expressed in benign neoplasms of the thyroid.

OBJECTIVE: Heparanase, galectin-3, and tissue factor (TF) are overexpressed in solid malignant thyroid tumors. We studied their expression in multinodular goiters (MNGs). DESIGN AND METHODS: Thyroid tissue specimens from 15 MNGs were obtained during surgery. mRNA expression for galectin-3, heparanase, and TF was assessed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Isolated expressions of heparanase and galectin- 3 mRNA were expressed in 2 and 4 of the 15 MNGs, respectively; 8/15 MNGs were positive for both heparanase and galectin-3. TF mRNA was found in all MNG specimens. CONCLUSION: Galectin-3, heparanase, and TF RNA expression is prevalent in MNGs. Further studies will be needed to determine the prognostic significance of these findings.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1992

The role of functional imaging in neoplasms of the thyroid.

Iodine-123 and Iodine-131 have suitable physical properties that enable them to be used for functional imaging of the thyroid. Iodine-123 is used for routine testing for hyperthyroidism and thyroid nodules, whereas I-131, which has a longer half-life, is used for whole body imaging for detecting metastatic thyroid cancer in patients who have undergone thyroidectomy. The radionuclides of iodine are trapped and organified like nonradioactive iodine. In contrast, technetium as pertechnetate is trapped by the thyroid and can be used for imaging immediately after intravenous injection. There can be differences in scintiscans made in the same patient using radioiodine vs. technetium. Thallium is a useful adjuvant imaging agent for thyroid cancer. It should be stressed that correlation with the clinical findings and biochemical thyroid function tests are very important when evaluating thyroid scintiscans.

Female↗