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In this article we describe the use of an electrosurgical cautery tip scratch pad for the treatment of traumatic (adventitious) tattoos. This inexpensive item is available in most surgical operating rooms. The pad is flexible yet firm and obviates the need for power equipment. Most important, the technique is simple, easy to learn, and highly effective.
We describe the use of a pinpoint bur to remove traumatic tattooing. The dermabrasion is concentrated on the affected tissues without damage to the surrounding normal skin. With this method, deeper areas of pigmentation are no more difficult to remove than superficial deposits. This technique is easily reproduced and highly effective.
We present the results of a pilot study of the use of Nd:Yag laser in the removal of permanent eyeliner tattoos. Fourteen eyelids were treated, and in all cases a reduction in pigmentation was achieved although responses were variable. The advantages of such therapy over existing techniques are described. The technique offers a useful reduction of permanent eyeliner pigmentation and is particularly suited to treatment of localized areas of imperfect application or pigment migration.
Anterior segment dysgenesis is characterized by a spectrum of congenital anomalies involving the cornea, the iris, and the anterior chamber angle; it may be further complicated by systemic anomalies and glaucoma. Peters' anomaly, a specific type of mesenchymal anterior segment dysgenesis, is characterized by a central corneal leukoma, iridocorneal adhesions, and abnormalities of the posterior corneal stroma, Descemet's membrane, corneal endothelium, lens, and anterior chamber. Eighty percent of the cases are bilateral. We present an unusual unilateral case of Peters' anomaly complicated by postsurgical ocular muscle deviation, an iatrogenic corneal tattoo, cataract, and papillary conjunctivitis associated with contact lens wear. This article illustrates the classification of variants of anterior segment dysgenesis and the technique of corneal tatooing, as well as the use of prosthetic contact lenses in the management of corneal opacities. We stress that successful management of Peters' anomaly requires proper diagnosis of the condition, age-appropriate treatment with surgical consultation, and careful follow-up in affected patients.
A method of reconstructing a missing areola with a pre-tattooed full-thickness skin graft from the contralateral breast is presented.
A method of tattoo removal by partial-thickness dermal ablation, using a microsurgically adapted CO2 laser, is described. Provided that meticulous attention is paid to each detail of surgical technique, the procedure can be relied upon to produce good cosmetic results with scant risk of complications.
We describe here a reliable and inexpensive surgical marking instrument utilizing materials that are readily available. It can be used preoperatively or intraoperatively for tattooing points of reference in spite of vigorous preps.
Marked improvement in the aesthetic appearance of scars and skin grafts of the hair-bearing facial areas of male patients can be achieved by camouflage with punctate tattooing. The technique is easy and simple to learn. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and on an outpatient basis.
Nipple reconstruction employing both grafts and local flaps has historically been a staged procedure. This paper presents a one-stage procedure using a local flap with immediate tattoo that has the advantages of high patient satisfaction and low cost. The procedure can be performed in a minor surgery suite with local or no anesthetic in 15 to 30 minutes. In this series of 100 nipples there has been only one partial necrosis, which was easily corrected with a "boost" procedure. Only 8 percent of patients required revision procedures in the office, and there have been no infections or wound complications. Patient satisfaction and compliance have been excellent because the procedure is fast and easy with minimal morbidity. Modifications in technique are presented, based on the type of breast reconstruction (implant versus flap), local scarring, and size and color of the opposite nipple-areola complex.
The Q-switched alexandrite laser at 760 nm and 50- to 100-ns pulse duration has been shown to effectively remove blue-black as well as green, red, and mauve in seven human subjects with colored tattoos. An average of 9.0 treatments were required to completely remove the green pigment at an average fluence of 5.80 J/cm2 compared with an average of 9.7 treatments at an average fluence of 6.10 J/cm2 for red and an average of 10 treatments at an average fluence of 6.20 J/cm2 for mauve. Orange and yellow were unaffected by the alexandrite laser over a range of fluences tested.
PURPOSE: To report in vivo corneal confocal microscopic findings in a patient with keratopigmentation (corneal tattooing). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 64-year-old woman who received keratopigmentation for bilateral corneal opacity 53 years ago was examined by confocal microscope. RESULTS: By confocal microscopy, scattered highly reflective particles in a geographic pattern were observed in the superficial stroma near Bowman layer. In addition, clusters of highly reflective granules were in the mid- to superficial stroma. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo confocal microscopy can be used for monitoring keratopigmentation. The findings may serve to distinguish keratopigmentations from other pigmented corneal lesions.
A 45-year-old woman who underwent eyelid tattooing 20 years earlier presented with decreased left vision and eye discomfort. Her ocular history revealed an uneventful LASIK procedure 4 years previously with epithelial problems of the flap followed by S. aureus keratitis. Resultant corneal opacity necessitated a deep lamellar keratoplasty performed 9 months prior to admission followed by frequent epithelial problems. At the time of admission, her left eye had a corneal epithelial defect and both lower eyelid margins revealed subepidermal pigmentation and keratinization. Her initial examination revealed tear instability with increased ocular surface staining scores and advanced tear film lipid layer abnormality in both eyes. Meibography showed bilateral total meibomian gland dropout. Treatment with autologous serum eye drops resulted in full epithelialization. Meibomian gland disease-specific therapy did not result in any change in breakup time, vital staining scores, tear film lipid layer interferometry grades, or glandular dropout state.
We report a case of epithelioid granuloma which occurred at the site of a previous cosmetic eyebrow tattooing. A biopsy specimen showed the organized appearance of epithelioid cell granulomas containing little pigment as well as occasional giant cells, mainly of Langhans' type, thus showing the characteristic features of granulomatous hypersensitivity. With the use of energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, the presence of copper, iron, cobalt, and chromium was demonstrated.
Two young men, tattooed early in 1977 by the same London tattooist, both rapidly developed lichenoid lesions confined entirely to the red dyed areas.
Using a radiation source from which the output is maximal in the near infra-red range, we have successfully treated thirty-six tattoos in twenty-one patients. This technique is described and its place in practice is discussed.
Textile dye allergy is frequently caused by azo dyes, which can cross-react with structurally similar compounds, including paraphenylenediamine. A case of allergic contact dermatitis to azo textile dyes, presenting principally as a sock dermatitis, is presented. The patient also gave a history of an episode of scalp dermatitis consistent with contact allergy to paraphenylenediamine in hair dye. It is proposed that paraphenylenediamine sensitization from a temporary skin tattoo may have been the primary sensitizing event for these reactions.
The physics, technique of use, and results obtained in removal of tattoos by a CO2 laser are discussed and described.
A technique using serial split-thickness tangential excisions and polyurethane membrane dressings for removal of decorative tattoos is described.