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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Diffusion of small solutes in polymer-containing solutions.

Diffusion processes involving polymers are common in scientific and engineering separations and are a major component of biological functions. Analyses of these systems are usually based on versions of the Stokes-Einstein equation, although order of magnitude deviations have been observed. Presented here is a theoretical correction to the Stokes-Einstein equation containing a "local viscosity" function that combines diffusional hydrodynamics with Maxwell's treatment of electrical resistance in inhomogeneous regions. The resulting equation accurately predicts experimental diffusion data within tight bounds for polymer concentrations from 0 to 9 percent. It requires knowledge only of thermodynamics and of pure solvent and solution viscosities.

Benzene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Permeability of lipid-coated polymer capsule membranes to solutes: effects of temperature and chemical structure of solutes.

The permeability of di-stearyldimethylammonium-coated polyamide capsule membranes to KCl, and tetra-methylammonium (4C1N), tetra-propylammonium (4C3N), and tetra-butylammonium (4C4N) bromides was investigated at temperatures below and above the phase transition temperature of the amphiphile coat and compared with that of non-coated polyamide capsule membranes. The rate of solute permeation through the non-coated capsule membranes for all permeants increased gradually with rise in temperature. When the capsule was coated with the amphiphile, the rate was reduced by a factor of 2-200 relative to that through the non-coated semipermeable capsule membranes and changed drastically or slightly at the phase transition temperature of the amphiphile coat, depending on the chemical structure of permeants. The permeation of hydrophilic KCl and slightly hydrophobic 4C1N was greatly supressed by the amphiphile coat below the phase transition temperature while it was enhanced above that temperature. On the contrary, the permeation rate of the moderately hydrophobic and bulky 4C3N increased monotonically with rising temperature. No change in the permeation rate was observed with the highly hydrophobic and bulky 4C4N at all temperatures.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of topical erythromycin 1.5 percent solution versus topical clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent solution in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Commercial topical solutions of erythromycin 1.5 percent and clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, twelve-week comparison in sixty-six patients with moderate acne. Both treatment groups showed significant reductions of total lesions, inflammatory lesions, and papules. Additionally, the group using erythromycin 1.5 percent showed significant decreases in total noninflammatory lesions and closed comedones, and the group using clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent showed significant reductions in pustules. The only statistically significant differences between the treatments were the greater reductions in closed comedones for those patients using erythromycin 1.5 percent and greater reductions in pustules for those patients using clindamycin 1.0 percent. Nearly two thirds of the patients in each group had a good or excellent overall response after twelve weeks. One erythromycin-treated patient discontinued treatment because his wife became sensitized to it. This reportedly also occurred with the use of topical clindamycin. Other side effects were minor or transient. In this study, topical erythromycin 1.5 percent and clindamycin 1.0 percent appeared to be clinically equivalent for treating moderate facial acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1998

[Results of clinical study with epirubicin hydrochloride injectable solution for superficial bladder cancer. IMI28 Injectable Solution Study Group for Superficial Bladder Cancer].

A 7-center cooperative clinical study with a new formulation of epirubicin hydrochloride injectable solution (Epirubicin-RTU) was conducted in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. Epirubicin-RTU at the dose of 60 mg/30 ml was administered by intravesical instillation once daily for three (3) consecutive days and a 4-day drug-free interval followed; then the above intravesical instillation of Epirubicin-RTU was repeated for three consecutive days. All 20 registered cases were eligible, and 18 cases completed the whole course of the study. In 18 completers, CR was observed in 12 cases and PR was observed in one (1) case, for an efficacy rate of 72.2%. The primary adverse reaction was bladder irritation including pollakiuria 85.0% (17/20), miction pain 85.0% (17/20), and hematuria 80.0% (16/20), which were all reversible and tolerable. In urinalysis, urinary sediment showed leukocytes and erythrocytes, and proteinuria was observed. All were reversible. From the above results, this new formulation of Epirubicin-RTU was considered useful for the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma.

Administration, Intravesical↗