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Results for “SWINE DISEASES”

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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Environmental factors affecting the severity of pneumonia in pigs.

The variable manifestations of respiratory problems in finishing pigs have led to the concept of a multiple-factor aetiology for swine respiratory disease and in particular for enzootic pneumonia. The primary and secondary agents of the disease produce their most detrimental economic effects and the highest levels of mortality and morbidity during the finishing period, when the economics of production necessitate indoor housing and intensification. This paper considers the contribution of four main groups of environmental factors to the high levels of clinical disease and lesions which are found whenever large numbers of pigs are examined at slaughter. They are meteorological factors, population and social factors, management factors and airborne pollution.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Malignant catarrhal fever caused by ovine herpesvirus-2 in pigs in Norway.

This paper describes the first cases of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in pigs in which the diagnosis was verified aetiologically by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA analysis and by the demonstration of antibodies. Three pigs on two separate premises showed clinical signs, gross pathological and histopathological lesions which were in many respects similar to those of MCF in ruminants. The pigs were housed adjacent to sheep and DNA of ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2) was detected by PCR in tissues of all the pigs. In addition, antibody to alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 was detected in the serum of the pigs and in five in-contact sheep. It is concluded that the disease described is MCF of pigs caused by OHV-2.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Domestic animals in the elucidation of zinc's role in nutrition.

Parakeratosis in swine, a disease that caused severe economic losses in many commercial herds during the late 1940's and early 1950's, was caused by an inadequate intake of zinc. In addition to poor growth, the disease involves primarily the epidermal layer of the skin, which in severe cases becomes thickened and heavily encrusted. Finally, deep fissures develop in the encrusted areas. The low availability of zinc in plant protein sources and the increasing use of soybean meal in practical-type diets during the late 1940's contributed to the increasing incidence of the disease. Excessive levels of calcium also increased the incidence and severity of the disease. Prominent features of zinc deficiency in poultry were failure of normal development of long bones and the occurrence of severe lesions on the feet and legs. As with the pig, the low bioavailability of zinc from plant protein sources led to the observation that practical-type diets were limiting in this metal. Although parakeratosis can be produced in cattle fed diets low in zinc, it does not seem to have been a major nutritional problem in ruminants.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A foot-and-mouth disease vaccine for swine.

An inactivated vaccine containing purified foot-and-mouth disease virus type O1, strain Brugge, emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant was studied in swine. The antigen mass ranged from 0.02 to 416 mug in 0.25 ml of vaccine. At 90 days postinoculation (DPI) 33 to 100% of the swine which had been inoculated with 0.72% mug or larger amounts of antigen were protected against challenge. There was little protection at 182 DPI although the neutralizing titers obtained with 2.9, 34.6 and 416 mug doses of antigen were similar to those observed at 90 DPI. The 50% protective dose for swine was approximately 2.3 mug of antigen whether used in a freshly prepared state or after storage at 4 degrees C for 105 or 259 days. Significant protection was afforded when small volumes (0.1 and 0.5 ml) of vaccine were applied with a jet injector gun to the ear or neck of swine. Initial tissue reactions at the site of inoculation were minimal with these small doses of vaccine and generally disappeared ny 90 DPI.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Skin test as herd diagnosis for Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) in swine.

The value of a skin test for the diagnosis of Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) in swine was examined. Semipurified and concentrated antigens, obtained by ether/tween 80 inactivation of Aujeszky's disease virus, were inoculated intradermally into seronegative, experimentally infected and vaccinated swine and into pigs with maternal antibodies. A specific skin reaction, characterized by a visible indurated swelling, was observed within 24 hours in animals with active immunity. No reaction was seen in pigs with maternal immunity or in seronegative uninfected and unvaccinated animals. In the infected and vaccinated groups, 89% and 58% respectively of the animals with seroneutralizing antibodies were positive by the skin test response. Positive reactions were observed as early as 8 days after the infection. All but one seronegative animals remained free of antibodies after 2 consecutive skin tests and the course of decline of maternal antibodies was not changed. An earlier skin test did not lead to sensitization for a later application. The present results, together with field experience on 8 farms, revealed that the skin test could be considered a reliable method for diagnosis of Aujeszky's disease in swine on a herd basis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Immune response of pigs to Aujeszky disease virus and swine influenza virus].

Explored was the possibility of simultaneous vaccination of pigs against the Aujeszky's disease virus and the swine influenza virus. Used were strain MK-25 against the former and strain 3sb against the latter. It was found that at the simultaneous subcutaneous or oral treatment with the two antigens equally effective immunity was built as in the case of vaccination with each one of them used alone. No antagonism was established between the two antigens during the time of immunity building in the body.

Animals↗