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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity associated with virions of tomato spotted wilt virus, a plant- and insect-infecting bunyavirus.

An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity was found associated with virions of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a plant- and insect-infecting member of the family Bunyaviridae. Radiolabeled nucleoside triphosphates were incorporated into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable products by detergent-disrupted, purified TSWV virions. Incorporation was reduced to near-background levels when RNase was present in the reaction mixture. The predominantly double-stranded RNA products were RNase-resistant at high but not low salt concentrations. The activity required manganese and was independent of a DNA template. Discrete products of approximately 3.0 kb and heterogeneous smaller products were synthesized that hybridized to purified TSWV RNA and transcripts of cDNA clones encompassing parts of each of the three genomic RNAs. The predominant products were viral sense although significant amounts of viral complementary sense S RNA products were also synthesized.

Datura stramonium↗
PubMed1994

Production of Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic fertile plants by direct somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of Datura innoxia.

This work describes a new method to obtain transgenic somatic embryos from Agrobacterium-infected immature zygotic embryos of Datura innoxia. It has several advantages over previous transformation methods such as the absence of a callus phase, an average transformation rate of 76% and a high regeneration frequency. Critical steps for optimal transformation were the embryo stage and a short preculture treatment. The marker gene beta-glucuronidase and light microscopy were used to identify the competent embryogenic cells which, after transformation, passed through the classical stages of embryo development. The transgenes were transmitted to the progeny in a Mendelian fashion. The plants regenerated via direct somatic embryogenesis were cytologically and morphologically uniform. We also observed that: (1) wounding or wound-induced divisions were not required for zygotic embryo transformation; (2) epidermal cells were competent for both transformation and regeneration; and (3) competency for Agrobacterium infection was developmental stage-specific. This new method should facilitate the development of new strategies to routinely transform recalcitrant plant species.

Datura stramonium↗
PubMed1994

Foreign DNA sequences are received by a wild-type strain of Aspergillus niger after co-culture with transgenic higher plants.

Different transgenic plants of Brassica napus, Brassica nigra, Datura innoxia and Vicia narbonensis expressing the hph gene under the control of the 35s promoter were co-cultivated with mycelial material of Aspergillus niger in microcosms under sterile conditions. A significantly higher number of hygromycin B-resistant colonies of re-isolated fungi was obtained if compared with co-cultures with non-transgenic plants. The hph gene and other foreign sequences could be detected in some of the resistant strains only for a short time after selection, indicating a rapid loss of foreign DNA. A more stable transgenic strain was obtained after co-culture with transgenic plants of D. innoxia including a high number of hph copies in their genome. DNA with detected pUC sequences was prepared to transform E. coli DH5 alpha. One of the recovered plasmids is shown to include pieces of the plant-transforming vector and a foreign sequence. The 35s-regulated expression of genes is studied in A. niger.

Aspergillus niger↗
PubMed1983

The tonoplast, a specific marker of embryogenic microspores of Datura cultured in vitro.

Microspores of Datura metel L. have a thin tonoplast which, upon culture in vitro, develops a more or less uniform coating or deposit (as early as 12 h). This response was specific for embryogenic microspores, thereby making it possible to distinguish them from the nonembryogenic microspores. Cytochemical tests indicated the presence of tannins in this deposit which persists only until the early globular stage of embryogenesis. Thus tannin-coated tonoplasts can be used as a reliable and specific cytological marker for microspores following the embryogenic pathway in vitro.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1999

[Biological hallucinogens. New patterns of substance abuse in young addicts?].

Among young patients with multiple substance abuse, a high level of abuse of natural products was noticed. In a rehabilitation clinic for young addicts 180 patients filled out a questionnaire regarding drugs they regularly consumed. It was discovered that the patients consumed high levels of Psilocybe, Amanita and Datura. The natural drugs of the 70's, Ayahuasco and Cactus, are now rarely seen. The toxicological basis of the frequently used biological drugs is discussed. The results imply that a specific exploration of patients with multiple substance abuse in regard to the use of biological drugs is necessary.

Adolescent↗