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PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal factors alter effects of social housing conditions on responses to chemotherapy and hormone levels in a Shionogi mammary tumor model.

OBJECTIVE: To identify possible hormonal factors involved in the differential responses to chemotherapy observed in our tumor model, we investigated if the timing among tumor cell injection, rehousing, and chemotherapy administration differentially affects levels of corticosterone (CORT), growth hormone (GH), and testosterone and tumor and host responses to chemotherapy. METHODS: Mice were reared either individually (I) or in groups (G). At 2 to 4 months, mice were injected with tumor cells and retained in their original housing conditions or rehoused into different experimental groups (GG, IG, II, GI) either immediately (experiment 1) or 14 days later (experiment 2); chemotherapy was administered when tumors weighed approximately 0.8 g. RESULTS: In experiment 1, IG and GG mice had better responses to chemotherapy than GI mice. Chemotherapy increased CORT levels in II mice and decreased GH levels in GI mice compared with those of their drug vehicle-treated counterparts. Under the temporal conditions of experiment 2, IG and GG mice lost the advantage seen in experiment 1 in terms of tumor and host responses to chemotherapy. Before chemotherapy administration, CORT levels in IG mice and GH levels in GI mice were higher than those in mice in all other housing conditions. At 1 day after chemotherapy, CORT levels were higher for chemotherapy-treated than for drug vehicle-treated IG mice, and at 5 days post chemotherapy, GH levels were higher in GI than in IG mice. CONCLUSIONS: Temporal relationships among tumor cell injection, rehousing, and chemotherapy administration critically influence responses to chemotherapy; these effects may be mediated, in part, by alterations in hormone levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Human neutrophils are not severely injured in conditions mimicking social drinking.

In an attempt to assess the effect of alcohol per se on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), irrespective of other physiopathological parameters, we examined neutrophil function in healthy volunteers who had taken a single large dose of whisky. Before and at different times after ingestion, several PMN properties were simultaneously tested including random migration, in vitro chemotaxis, adherence, aggregation, cytochrome C reduction, phagocytosis, bacterial killing, intracellular cAMP and cGMP contents, myeloperoxidase, and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase scores. Only phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly depressed after alcohol ingestion. Adherence was inhibited only in some individuals when their respective blood alcohol levels were the highest. Both alterations were moderate and reversible. These data point out the limited effect of occasional alcohol consumption on the different facets of neutrophil behavior. These findings suggest that factors other than alcohol itself could be concerned in the marked PMN dysfunction well established in chronic alcoholism.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2004

Laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty and laparoscopic gastric bypass: a comparison.

BACKGROUND: Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) and gastric bypass (GBP) are the two bariatric procedures recommended by NIH consensus conference. Recent advancement in laparoscopic (L) techniques has made LVBG and LGBP alternatives for the conventional open approach. METHODS: From December 2000 to February 2002, 80 patients (24 men and 56 women; mean age 32 years, range 18-57) with morbid obesity (mean BMI 43.2 kg/m(2), range 36-59.8) were enrolled in a prospective trial and randomly assigned to LVBG or LGBP. Changes in quality of life were assessed using the Gastro-intestinal quality of life index (GIQLI). RESULTS: The conversion rate was zero for LVBG and 2.5% (1/40) for LGBP. There has been no mortality. Surgical time was significantly longer for LGBP (209 minvs 126 min for LVBG, P<0.001). Mean hospital stay was 3.5 days for the LVBG vs 5.7 days for LGBP (P<0.001). Postoperative analgesic usage was also less for LVBG patients (mean dose 1.4 vs 2.4, P<0.05). Early complication rate was higher in the LGBP group (17.8% vs 2.5%, P<0.001). All 3 major complications were in the LGBP group, of which 2 were related to anastomotic leakage (5%). Late complications consisted of upper GI bleeding, stenosis and others observed in 4 LGBP patients (10%) and 2 LVBG patients (5%). Mean follow-up was 20 months (range 18 to 30). BMI fell significantly in both groups, with significant improvement of obesity-related co-morbidities. LGBP had significantly better excess weight loss than LVBG (62.9% vs 55.4% at 1 year and 71.4% vs 53.1% at 2 years), as well as lower BMI than LVBG (29.6 vs 31.1 at 1 year and 28.5 vs 31.9 at 2 years). There was no difference in the reduction of obesity-related laboratory abnormalities at 1 year except a lower hemoglobin in LGBP (11.8 vs 13.8, P<0.05). Preoperative GIQLI scores were similar between the groups; however, at 1 year, LGBP patients had better GIOLI scores than LVBG patients (121 vs 106, P<0.01). LVBG had improvement in physical condition, social function and emotional conditioning but deterioration in GI symptoms which resulted in no increase in total GIQLI score. CONCLUSION: LGBP was a time-consuming demanding technique with a higher early complication rate compared with LVBG. Although both operations resulted in significant weight reduction and decrease in obesity-related co-morbidities, LGBP had a trend of greater weight loss and significantly better GIQLI than LVBG at the cost of a significant long-term trace element deficiency state. Each patient should be individualized for the operations according to the patient's decision.

Adult↗