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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Evaluation of an antimicrobial soap formula for virucidal efficacy in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus in a blood-virus mixture.

The virucidal efficacy of a health care personnel hand wash product containing 0.5% parachlorometaxylenol in a sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate formula was evaluated in in vitro tests with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the presence of 50% whole human blood. The HTLV-IIIRF strain of HIV-1 was suspended in 50% medium-50% whole human blood and exposed to various dilutions of the hand wash product for 30 or 60 s. Following detoxification, residual infectivity was determined by a lytic cytopathogenic assay in MT2 cell cultures. No infectious HIV could be detected after a 30-s exposure to the hand wash product at dilutions of 1:5 and 1:10 and after a 60-s exposure at dilutions of 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:30. More than 99.9% of the virus was inactivated at these dilutions and exposure times.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1976

Effect of antimicrobial soap containing chlorhexidine on the microbial flora of skin.

The qualitative and semiquantitative changes in the aerobic microbial flora of normal skin with the prolonged use of a chlorhexidine scrub (6 months) were investigated. More samples in the chlorhexidine scrub group had gram-negative bacilli in their axilla (63 of 96, 66%) and groin (36 of 96, 38%) than the controls (32 of 66, 49%, for axilla and 7 of 66, 11%, for groin; P = 0.01). Klebsiella and Enterobacter were the predominant organisms in the control and chlorhexidine groups, respectively. The chlorhexidine scrub produced a reduction in the total aerobic counts in the axilla, groin, and between the toes and the fingers. Fewer samples from the chlorhexidine-treated areas revealed the presence of lipophilic diphtheroids than did the controls. Lipophilic diphteroids were also reduced quantitatively in the groin and axilla with chlorhexidine treatment. No consistent pattern for the other major groups of bacteria was noted between the treatments.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1969

Combined effects of diphenyliodonium chloride, pine oils, and mustard oil soaps on certain microorganisms.

Bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities of an emulsion containing 10.0% (v/v) terpineol, 0.5% (w/v) diphenyliodonium chloride, 11.0% (v/v) ethyl alcohol, and 5.62% saponified mustard oil were tested against a number of different types of organisms. The bactericidal concentration for Salmonella typhosa was 1:400. In the presence of 5.0% horse serum, it increased to 1:250. The bacteriostatic concentration varied from organism to organism; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus required 4,000 mug/ml for complete bacteriostasis, whereas Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Salmonella paratyphi-A, and Shigella required only 2,000 mug/ml for complete inhibition. A 4.0% concentration of the emulsion killed the spores of Bacillus subtilis within 6 hr.

Bacteriological Techniques↗