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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Aversive sensation in the brain after eating unpalatable food.

Taste plays an important role in the regulation of food and fluid intake in animals. Taste information on the tongue is transmitted to the brain, and we feel hedonic or aversive sensation from the taste of a food. Various studies have shown that opioids or the dopamigenic system is deeply related to the hedonic response in the brain. Few studies have been made, however, about the aversion to food, which is an important signal for animals to protect them from poison that usually has a bitter taste and causes an aversive sensation. We recently suggested that diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) was released in the brain after stimulation by an aversive taste and might be involved in the aversive sensations of taste. In this review we describe the studies on aversive sensation after eating and propose a novel concept that food aversion may be divided into aversion and rejection. Furthermore, we suggest that DBI is involved in aversion.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Relationship between globus sensation and esophageal clearance abnormalities in an elderly group].

Recent studies suggest that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may be a cause of globus sensation. However, it is difficult to examine the reflux of acidic gastric contents directly. We hypothesized that the esophageal clearance capacity against reflux acid may be responsible for the clinical symptoms of GERD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bolus residue and reflux in the esophagus during swallowing in elderly patients and to discuss the relationship between globus sensation and esophageal clearance abnormalities. Videopharyngoesophageal examinations in the prone position were performed in 156 elderly patients with globus sensation (average age: 74.7 years old). Esophageal clearance in the prone position was classified into 4 subgroups according to the movement of a contrast bolus: Group 1, normal; group 2, retension in esophagus; group 3, reflux of contrast bolus within esophagus; group 4, reflux of contrast bolus into pharyngo-laryngeal regions. Group 1 contained 36 cases (23.1%), group 2 contained 8 cases (5.1%), group 3 contained 79 cases (50.6%), and group 4 contained 33 cases (21.2%). Overall, the reflux of a contrast bolus in the esophagus was observed in 112 cases (71.8%). We concluded that decreased esophageal clearance in elderly subjects affects the defense mechanism against acid exposure and may be a risk factor for the appearance of globus sensation. Videopharyngoesophageal examination in the prone position may be an easy and valuable method for evaluating the function of esophageal clearance.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The age-dependent deterioration in light touch sensation on the plantar aspect of the foot in a rural community in India: implications when screening for sensory impairment.

Regular testing for impaired sensation is important in the management of diseases that can cause progressive nerve damage, such as leprosy. It has been shown that light touch sensibility decreases with age in the hands of healthy individuals, but little research has been undertaken to assess possible changes in the feet in developing countries. This information is needed to allow an appropriate level of sensation to be chosen when screening for nerve damage in the foot. To clarify this, a cross-sectional study on male adults was carried out in the rural town of Salur, Andhra Pradesh, India. A range of Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments were employed at 12 locations on the foot to determine sensation to light touch stimuli in individuals from each decade of adult life. It was found that in this population, sensibility threshold in the foot increases with age and this was noted in both soft and callous skin. This shows the increase was due to neurological factors, not merely due to an increase in callous deposition with advancing age. In the majority of individuals in their fifties and sixties, the callous skin at the forefoot and heel was unable to detect the 5.07 monofilament (equivalent to 8-12 g), previously recommended as a method to screen for plantar neuropathy. All areas of all feet were able to detect the 5.46 filament (approximately 30 g). The size of this study (54 individuals) prevents the determination of definitive normal ranges for each decade of life in this population. However, it does demonstrate the degree to which sensation deteriorates with age and could be used as an approximate guide when interpreting the results of sensory testing in similar rural areas of the developing world.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mass media strategies targeting high sensation seekers: what works and why.

OBJECTIVES: To examine strategies for using the mass media effectively in drug prevention campaigns targeting high sensation seekers. METHODS: Both experimental lab and field studies were used to develop a comprehensive audience segmentation strategy targeting high sensation seekers. RESULTS: A 4-pronged targeting strategy employed in an antimarijuana media campaign yielded significant drops in 30-day marijuana use by adolescents. Other research demonstrates how high and low sensation seekers process antidrug ads differently. CONCLUSIONS: Mass mediated anti-drug campaigns aimed at high sensation seekers are effective tools for drug prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Unusual tooth sensation due to maxillary sinusitis--a case report.

Maxillary sinusitis can cause pain or discomfort to the maxillary dentition but no report of patients complaining of a "jumping tooth sensation" during sinusitis has been recorded in the literature. This article presents a case of an unusual localised sensation from a maxillary right second premolar experienced while undergoing root canal treatment. This sensation was felt during walking while the patient was suffering an episode of influenza. This sensation first occurred following debridement of the root canal. However, it persisted even after the root canal had been sealed. A hypothetical explanation of this manifestation is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Where lies the boundary between common sensation and taste perception in electrogustometry (author's transl)].

The shift of the electrogustatory threshold following section of the corda tympani has been investigated in 14 patients. Postoperatively the anterior half of the tongue showed complete ageusia. Two thirds of the patients were able to recognize stimulations of 50-127 muA as a burning, and not a sour metallic, sensation for at least 1-2 weeks. Probably the trigeminal nerve endings perceive this burning sensation during the period of taste bud degeneration. A similar situation exists in cases where the gustatory fibres are interrupted proximal to the gustatory ganglion, because the tasts buds do not degenerate. It is therefore important to ask the patient to describe the sensation experienced. Only a sour metallic taste during electrogustometry should be regarded as a true gustatory sensation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Early initiation of sex, drug-related risk behaviors, and sensation-seeking among urban, low-income African-American adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of early initiation of sex, drug-use, drug-trafficking, and sensation-seeking among urban, African-American adolescents. A longitudinal follow-up of 383 youth ages 9 to 15 years at baseline over four years with serial risk-assessments was used. Sexual experience and several drug-related risk behaviors increased significantly during the four-year study interval. Sensation-seeking scores were higher after the baseline assessment among youth reporting tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use and were higher, both at baseline and through several follow-up assessments, among youth reporting drug-selling and sexual activity. At baseline, the correlations among drug-related risk behaviors were all strong, except those between initiation of sex and drug-related risk behaviors. However, over time, early initiators of sex were significantly more likely to report involvement in substance use and drug-delivery/sales than were late initiators. Youth reporting repeated involvement in drug-related activities were more likely to report intensive sexual involvement than they were to report experimental sex or no sex. Sensation-seeking scores were lower among youth reporting no involvement in risk behaviors. However, scores did not differ between youth exhibiting experimental behavior compared to youth demonstrating repeated risk involvement. These results support the need for alternative experiences for youth exhibiting high levels of sensation-seeking and the need for early drug/sexual risk prevention programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Dyspnea sensation and chemical control of breathing].

In order to estimate the role of peripheral chemosensitivity in dyspnea sensation, we performed BH experiment under the acute or chronic hypoxic condition. The former was simulated by a given rate (0-3.2 mg/kg/hr) of doxapram infusion. The latter experiment was carried out during sojourn in Lhasa (3700 m), China. Subjects conducted BH by inhaling 7% CO2 in O2 and assessed dyspnea sensation by visual analog scale (VAS) while repeatedly measuring PCO2 at breaking point (BP). Lowering of resting PETCO2 by augmented ventilation was derived by doxapram infusion and during acclimatization at high altitude. The effect of PCO2 on VAS was enhanced by doxapram. However, altitude acclimatization resulted in attenuated effect of PCO2 on VAS despite of further development of hypocapnia. The rate of PCO2 elevation during doxapram infusion was reduced and it might be attributed to decreased body storage of CO2. On the other hand, its rate was tended to recover to sea level value after acclimatization at high altitude and it may have cancelled the mitigated dyspnea sensation. Thus, BHT almost comparable period in both acute hypoxia and during altitude acclimatization. These results suggest that CO2 storage in the body contributes to modify dyspnea sensation as well as augmented peripheral chemosensitivity.

Acclimatization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The sensations of pulmonary dyspnea.

This study compared recalled physical and emotional sensations during episodes of acute dyspnea across pulmonary disease groups. The convenience sample consisted of 68 subjects with emphysema-bronchitis, asthma, vascular, and restrictive disease. Temporal patterns of physical and emotional sensations before and during episodes of dyspnea were identified. The frequency of sensations was remarkably similar across disease categories with few significant differences identified. Rather than the disease category, the frequency, intensity, and periodicity of the symptom of dyspnea had the greatest effect on the quality and frequency of sensations reported. The intensity of usual dyspnea reported on a visual analog scale varied significantly among groups, p = .026, with asthmatics having the lowest mean score and vascular subjects the highest. Females reported significantly greater usual dyspnea than males, p = .005. The variables of pulmonary disease group, gender, fatigue, and total network of social support were significantly related to usual dyspnea, and pulmonary group, gender, and attendance at Better Breathers classes were significantly related to worst dyspnea.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An attempt to reduce the loss of pain and touch sensations in leprosy patients.

An attempt was made to improve the perception of pain and touch sensations at the leprosy lesions. The loss of pain and touch sensations in a lesion was graded using Pain/Touch-Sensation-Testing-and-Grading devices. Application of a solution containing 1 mg of histamine per ml of DMSO, at the affected area decreased the grades of the loss of pain sensation in 11 (31.4%) patients and of touch sensation in 8 (22.8%) patients, out of the 35 patients tested, indicating an improvement in the perception at the lesion. This effect, however, did not persist even for 5 minutes. A higher concentration (2 mg/ml) of histamine produced reduction in the sensory loss in a larger percentage (47% for pain and 35.3% for touch) of patients, though the duration of this effect was still not prolonged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Objective grading of the loss of pain and touch sensations in leprosy patients.

Two new instruments named Pain/Touch Sensation Testing and Grading devices, which provide standardized and graded stimuli of pain and touch, respectively, were employed to grade the sensory loss at the center of 110 lesions in 97 patients. The grades of sensory loss for pain were 0 (no sensory loss) in 8 lesions, 1 in 6 lesions, 2 in 14 lesions, 3 in 26 lesions, 4 in 19 lesions, and 5 (complete loss) in 37 lesions (total 110 lesions). Grades of sensory loss for touch were 0 in 12 lesions, 1 in 3 lesions, 2 in 5 lesions, 3 in 9 lesions, 4 in 15 lesions, and 5 in 22 lesions (total 66 lesions). Reevaluation done after 2-40 weeks in 46 of these lesions revealed that the grade for pain had decreased in 17 lesions, increased in 4, and remained the same in 25. The grade for loss of touch sensation had decreased in 10, increased in 1, and remained the same in 35. Grading of the sensory loss in most of the 1-cm-square areas of the entire lesion, done in 19 patients (26 lesions), revealed that the sensory loss was not uniform all over the lesion and it was also not maximum at the center of the lesion, though generally it was less at the margin in comparison with the central area. Follow up of 11 of these lesions revealed a decrease in the grades in 7 lesions for both pain and touch sensations, while 2 lesions showed a decrease in the grades for touch sensation only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Nerve fibre discharges, cerebral potentials and sensations induced by CO2 laser stimulation.

Short radiant heat pulses, emitted by a high power CO2 laser, were used to investigate single nociceptor activity, cerebral potentials and concomitant sensations. Stimuli of 20 and 50 ms duration with different intensities were randomly applied to the hairy skin of the hand. Microelectroneurography was performed from the radial nerve at the wrist; 26 stable recordings were evaluated. Pre- and post-stimulus EEG segments were recorded from vertex versus linked ear lobes. Sensation was assessed on an eight-step category scale, an adjective scale, and by reaction times. In some experiments an A-fibre block was applied in order to isolate C-fibre responses. The main results were: Short heat stimuli activate C-units. In addition one of two identified A delta-units responded. None of the 15 A beta-units investigated was activated by the heat pulses. Short heat stimuli evoked cerebral potentials having a main vertex positive component at about 400 ms. These potentials were ascribed to A delta-fibre input. Laser induced pain consisted of an immediate stinging component, followed by a burning pain which often lasted several seconds. Reaction time to first pain ranged from 400-500 ms. Weak laser stimuli induced non-painful sensations mostly of tactile character. High correlations were found between the number of spikes elicited by a given stimulus and the intensity of the evoked sensation. Intensity discrimination, as evaluated by measures of Signal Detection Theory, was better in the peripheral C-units than in the subjective ratings. If conduction of A-fibres was blocked by pressure, A delta-related cerebral potential components vanished.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of blood redistribution on illusional sensations of spatial position in weightlessness].

The study was performed onboard a specially equipped aircraft which allowed zero-g and high-g studies. Blood redistribution was produced using a tilt table (-30 degrees) and a LBNP device. Illusionary sensations were measured by a Birtok unit and subjective reports of the test subjects. In the head-down position the feeling of blood rush to the head disappeared as soon as the weightless state was reached. In most cases illusionary sensations were similar to those in the horizontal position. When exposed to LBNP tests, the subjects developed no illusionary sensations during horizontal flight and felt their upper body going upwards and legs going downwards in the weightless state. Thus, illusionary sensations of the spatial position depend at large on blood redistribution in the human body.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1982

[Equal-sensation contours and a threshold curve for low-frequency vibrotactile stimuli on the glabrous skin of the human hand].

Using vibrotactile stimuli, equal-sensation contours and a threshold curve were determined on the glabrous skin of the human hand. Equal-sensation contours were measured between 1 Hz and 16 Hz. When plotted on log-log coordinates, they monotonically decreased as a function of frequency and were downward by concaved. The threshold curve was measured between 1 Hz and 50 Hz. Its values decreased linearly from 1 Hz to 16 Hz, became constant at 16-35 Hz, and decreased again at 35-50 Hz. Therefore, at the stimulus range of 1-16 Hz, equal-sensation contours were downward concave and the threshold curve was more or less linear. This discrepancy seems to be caused by the differences in mechanoreceptor types which take part in subjective responses: suprathreshold sensation depends on several types of mechanoreceptors, whereas vibrotactile thresholds depends mainly on RA receptors (Meissner corpuscles).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Anhedonia and sensation seeking].

The relationship between anhedonia and sensation seeking has been studied in 56 normal subjects of both sexes (33 males, 23 females). Anhedonia and sensation seeking were respectively defined by two reliable rating scales: Physical Anhedonia Scale of Chapman (PAS), Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale (SS form V -40 items). The results have shown a negative correlation between this scales for males but not for females. These finding suggest that lowered levels of sensation seeking could constitute for males, like anhedonia, a risk factor of schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Needle wire localization for nonpalpable breast lesions: sensations, anxiety levels, and informational needs.

PURPOSES: To determine the sensations that women most frequently report during needle wire localization (NWL) for nonpalpable breast lesions, to rate preprocedure anxiety, and to describe what preparation women consider desirable for the procedure. SETTING: Outpatient breast center in a large, not-for-profit hospital in a major city in Texas. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive design. SAMPLE: Nonprobability sample of 56 women who were an average of 57 years old (range = 30-87 years). Forty-three (77%) underwent single wire localization. Nine (16%) of the women were subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer. METHODS: Subjects provided demographic information preprocedure. Postprocedure, subjects described and rated intensity of sensations on a 0-10 verbal, numeric rating scale. Preprocedure anxiety was also rated. Subjects responded to the question "What would you have liked to have been told before NWL to best prepare you for the procedure?" FINDINGS: Most frequently reported sensations were pressure, stinging, and pain, which averaged 6, 4, and 7, respectively, in intensity. Mean anxiety score was 5.3 on a scale of 10 with 10 subjects rating their anxiety as 10. Five (9%) subjects fainted during the procedure. Subjects provided valuable suggestions about how to prepare patients for this procedure, such as providing brochures and pictures about the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects are moderately or highly anxious before NWL of the breast and describe a variety of sensations. Risk factors for fainting during this procedure and strategies to prevent fainting must be determined. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Sensory information should be used to prepare women for NWL. Subjects' suggestions about how to prepare women for the procedure can be used to develop educational and sensory approaches to enhance preparation for the procedure and perhaps reduce anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Corneal sensitivity and burning sensation. Comparing topical ketorolac and diclofenac.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of topical 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine and 0.1% diclofenac sodium on human corneal sensitivity and to assess the intensity of burning sensation at specific intervals after drop instillation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Double-masked parallel clinical study. PATIENTS: Eleven women and 4 men (8 white, 4 Hispanic, 3 Asian), 22 to 60 years of age (mean [ +/- SD], 34 +/- 10 years). INTERVENTIONS: Repeated instillation of either ketorolac and placebo or diclofenac and placebo at 5-minute intervals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Assessment of corneal sensitivity before instillation, immediately after instillation, and after termination of drop application; and subjective evaluation of burning sensation by asking participants to rate burning on a scale ranging from 0 (none) to 3 (severe) after each drop application. RESULTS: Both diclofenac (P < .01) and ketorolac (P < .01) decreased corneal sensitivity significantly, while the placebo had no measurable effect. After administration of additional drops over time, the effect of diclofenac and ketorolac increased. After termination of the drug instillation, corneal sensitivity returned to baseline significantly slower (P < .01) in participants receiving diclofenac than in those receiving ketorolac. Ketorolac (P = .01) and diclofenac (P < .05) were significantly more effective in whites than in nonwhites. Mean burning sensation was mild, and there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 drugs on this measure (P = .12). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in corneal sensitivity in normal human corneas is more pronounced and longer lasting with diclofenac than with ketorolac. Both drugs are well tolerated topically and may be useful for pain reduction after refractive corneal surgery.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1994

A new bilobed design for the sensate radial forearm flap to preserve tongue mobility following significant glossectomy.

OBJECTIVE: A new bilobed design of the sensate radial forearm flap is presented for reconstruction of the oral cavity following significant glossectomy. One lobe of the flap is used to restore the shape and volume of the tongue, while the second lobe is used to resurface the floor of the mouth and the gingiva. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Ten patients who underwent significant glossectomy for squamous cell cancer were included in this study. Patients were deemed candidates for this form of reconstruction when at least one half of the mobile tongue was resected and the residual tongue had an intact motor nerve supply. RESULTS: In addition to the thin, pliable, and sensate tissue of the radial forearm skin, the bilobed design helps to prevent tethering of the root of the tongue to the inner table of the mandible. This factor is felt to be important in maximizing the mobility of the residual tongue. There were no flap failures or partial necroses. Tongue mobility, oral alimentation, articulation, and return of sensation are described.

Adult↗