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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Hermetic packaging of drugs: optimized sealing of foil pouches.

Factors affecting the sealing of foil packages were studied in the sealing of foil packages were studied in three laboratories. The relationship of sealing temperature (with machine speed and pressure kept constant) to the incidence of defective packages was determined. The maximum acceptable limit for defective pouches was 1%. Three tests were employed to detect defects: vacuum-dye, seal strength, and pressurized ammonia vapor. Only the last was sensitive enough to determine the optimum sealing conditions. This test also was capable of detecting leakage sites. Replacement of the cellophane layer of the foil laminate with polyvinylidene chloride-coated polyester improved the barrier properties of the package.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1991

The effect of submergence on heart rate and oxygen consumption of swimming seals and sea lions.

Respiratory, metabolic, and cardiovascular responses to swimming were examined in two species of pinniped, the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). 1. Harbor seals remained submerged for 82-92% of the time at swimming speeds below 1.2 m.s-1. At higher speeds, including simulated speeds above 1.4 m.s-1, the percentage of time spent submerged decreased, and was inversely related to body weight. In contrast, the percentage of time spent submerged did not change with speed for sea lions swimming from 0.5 m.s-1 to 4.0 m.s-1. 2. During swimming, harbor seals showed a distinct breathhold bradycardia and ventilatory tachycardia that were independent of swimming speed. Average heart rate was 137 beats.min-1 when swimming on the water surface and 50 beats.min-1 when submerged. A bimodal pattern of heart rate also occurred in sea lions, but was not as pronounced as in the seals. 3. The weighted average heart rate (WAHR), calculated from measured heart rate and the percentage time spent on the water surface or submerged, increased linearly with swimming speed for both species. The graded increase in heart rate with exercise load is similar to the response observed for terrestrial mammals. 4. The rate of oxygen consumption increased exponentially with swimming speed in both seals and sea lions. The minimum cost of transport calculated from these rates ranged from 2.3 to 3.6 J.m-1.kg-1, and was 2.5-4.0 times the level predicted for similarly-sized salmonids. Despite different modes of propulsion and physiological responses to swimming, these pinnipeds demonstrate similar transport costs.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1998

Measurement of sealing resistance of cell-electrode interfaces in neuronal cultures using impedance spectroscopy.

Sealing resistance is highly significant with respect to the electrical neuron-electrode contact because it decreases the stimulation threshold of neurons cultured on a planar micro-electrode array. A method is proposed for measurement of the sealing resistance using impedance spectroscopy. The effect of the sealing resistance on the total impedance spectrum of a cell-electrode interface is modelled for complete coverage of the electrode by the cell. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the impedance spectrum is determined by four parameters: two electrode parameters, the sealing resistance and the shunt capacitance between the lead of the electrode and the culture medium. Experimental verification of the model is performed by simultaneous measurement of the impedance spectrum and electrode coverage. A good and unique fit between the simulated and measured impedance spectra was obtained by varying the two electrode parameters and the sealing resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[The vacuum sealing technique. A new procedure to cover soft tissue defects after resection of leiomyosarcoma].

The vacuum sealing technique is a new, simple to use procedure for traumatic and chronic soft tissue defects, burns and soft tissue infections. We used this technique for the first time for temporary closure after the resection of deep infiltrating leiomyosarcoma. Radical excision of the tumor with partial resection of the forearm flexor muscles and safety margin of 3 cm led to a large skin defect (12 x 16 cm). For temporary closure of this defect we used the vacuum sealing technique for 7 days. Because of histologically proven incomplete resection of the tumor, we did a second excision and used the vacuum sealing technique a second time for 7 days. After this time period the granulation of the wound ground was excellent, and we closed the defect by split skin transplantation from the thigh. Bacterial infection or other complications were not seen during use of vacuum sealing technique. The vacuum sealing technique induced optimal local conditions for skin grafting: it facilitated granulation tissue production and maintained a clean wound bed without the necessity of changing wound dressing before skin grafting. This technique is painless and does not impair mobility.

Granulation Tissue↗
PubMed1998

[Accidental occlusion of the common femoral artery after Angio-Seal-application].

Removal of the arterial sheath immediately after PTCA is desirable for patients, reduces the medical staff's workload, and may decrease hospital costs due to a shortened length of stay. Although the safety and efficacy of the hemostatic systems used especially for the above purpose have been sufficiently documented, inadvertent intraluminal vascular occlusion is theoretically possible. While partial or complete arterial occlusion in conjunction with the VasoSeal collagen prototype device has been previously reported, similar complications occurring with the Angio-Seal device were not published. In this report, we describe a 54-year old female patient (height: 150 cm, weight: 42.5 kg) who was transferred for PTCA following an acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. Immediately after PTCA, the Angio-Seal device was deployed utilizing standard technique. No difficulties were encountered during device deployment, however, immediately following device placement active arterial bleeding occurred. Due to the inadequacy of hemostasis, heparin was reversed with protamine to avoid further hemorrhagic complications. Following this, the desired hemostasis quickly occurred, but the patient soon complained about symptoms suggestive of an acute occlusion of the right femoral artery. Unsatisfactory attempts at lysis resulted in the patient being transferred to vascular surgery. The complete Angio-Seal system (anchor including collagen) was located intravascularly, and removed during surgery. This case report demonstrates that even an experienced examiner can inadvertently deploy the Angio-Seal completely intraarterially. In addition to the known contraindication, "peripheral arterial occlusive disease", we recommend that the Angio-Seal device not be utilized in patients of small physical size.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1998

Wound healing of scleral self-sealing incision: a comparison of ultrasound biomicroscopy and histology findings.

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to compare the morphologic findings of wound healing in scleral self-sealing incisions using ultrasound biomicroscopy and histology. METHODS: Using a slit-knife, we made a scleral self-sealing incision in the rabbit eye. At various time points postoperatively, ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed to evaluate wound healing; the eyes then were enucleated and studied histologically. We also performed ultrasound biomicroscopy at various time points postoperatively in patients who received a scleral self-sealing incision during cataract surgery. RESULTS: In rabbit eyes, on days 1 and 2 postoperatively, we detected the scleral wound; thereafter, detection became increasingly difficult. On day 7 postoperatively, the wound was undetectable. By light-microscopic observation, the scleral wound was open at 1 day postoperatively. On day 2 postoperatively, fibrovascular tissue barely extended into the wound; on day 5 postoperatively, connective tissue extended through the full thickness of the wound. On day 7 postoperatively, the connective tissue became dense and aligned with the lamella. In human eyes, using ultrasound biomicroscopy, the scleral incision was detectable until 5 days postoperatively, but undetectable at 7 days postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy demonstrates the stages of wound healing of scleral self-sealing incisions. We believe that careful observation is necessary for approximately 7 days following self-sealing incision cataract surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of linear and torsional mode ultrasonic coagulating shears for the sealing of medium- to large-sized arteries.

BACKGROUND: Torsional mode ultrasonic coagulating shears have recently been developed for endoscopic and conventional surgery. The current investigation was conducted to compare the effectiveness of this device with the more established linear mode shears for the sealing of medium- to large-sized arteries. METHODS: Porcine carotid arteries were prepared in vitro. Each vessel was coagulated and cut by both torsional and longitudinal mode devices at different sites. The burst pressure of each seal was then measured by placing a catheter secured with a ligature into the open end of the vessel. The catheter was connected to a pressure transducer and saline was gradually infused until there was leakage from the sealed end. The acute burst pressure was defined as the peak pressure recorded. Statistical differences were evaluated by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: A total of 104 seals were made on 50 vessels, 52 with each device. Median burst pressures for arteries 3.3-4.2 mm and 4.3-5.2 mm in diameter were 321 and 354 mmHg for torsional mode shears compared with 479 and 317 mmHg for linear mode shears (p = 0.193 and 0.579, respectively). For larger arteries (5.3-7.4 mm in diameter), the torsional mode shears achieved significantly higher seal strength than the linear mode shears (median burst pressure = 378 vs. 203 mmHg, p = 0.027). There was no significant correlation between the burst pressure and the vessel size for the torsional mode device (r = -0.109, p = 0.441). However, the burst pressure was adversely affected by increased vessel size for the linear mode device (r = -0.552, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Both torsional and linear mode ultrasonic shears achieved secure hemostasis on vessels up to 5.2 mm. The torsional mode shears had the extended ability to coagulate larger-sized vessels up to 7.4 mm with the same degree of confidence.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Sealing of cystic duct with bipolar electrocoagulation.

BACKGROUND: The cystic duct leakage rate is still high. The aim of this study was to evaluate an alternative technique for securing the cystic duct using the Ligasure vessel sealing system. METHODS: Eight pigs were included in this pilot study. We performed a cholecystectomy, using the Ligasure system to sealing the cystic duct and artery. The pigs were killed 8 days after operation, and specimens of the cystic duct and common bile duct were removed for pathologic examination. RESULTS: There were no clinical complications other than two superficial wound infections. The sealing of the cystic duct and artery were both macroscopically and microscopically 100% sufficient. The maximum extension of the coagulative process in the sealed ducts was 0.25 mm on each side of the sealed area. CONCLUSIONS: The Ligasure system seems promising for securing the cystic duct and artery during cholecystectomy. Future studies should evaluate safety with this technique on a larger scale.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of apical sealing methods. A preliminary report.

A comparison of the seal provided by gutta-percha root canal filling, heat-sealed gutta-percha, retrograde amalgam filling, and retrograde Durelon filling was made by observation of dye penetration around the above filling materials in extracted teeth. A small but not significant difference between gutta-percha, heat-sealed gutta-percha, and retrograde amalgam was noted. Retrograde Durelon filling gave a poor seal in comparison to gutta-percha and retrograde amalgam filling, but the difference between it and the heat seal was not significant.

Apicoectomy↗
PubMed1994

Distribution and coassociations of selected metals in seals of the Antarctic.

Zinc, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ag, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe and Mn concentrations in some tissues of crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophagus), leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) and Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) from the Antarctic were determined. Distinct inter-tissue differences in metal concentrations in seals were observed; liver contained maximum levels of Zn, Cu, Ag and Mn, whilst kidney showed the highest levels of Cd, Ni and Co. Muscle was characterized by low concentrations of all the elements analyzed. The metal concentrations in the vertebrates analyzed were compared with those for organisms originating from various aquatic areas. Significant correlations were found between the levels of several of the metals analyzed, e.g. between renal and hepatic concentrations of Zn and Cd. Strong relationships between the hepatic concentrations of some metals were found, e.g. Cd-Zn. These two metals also showed a significant coassociation in their renal concentrations. The slope of the regression line for renal Cd/Zn was about three times higher than the hepatic one and this may reflect a relatively high Cd exposure, probably from specific food (squid and krill) provenance, of the seals analyzed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Seasonal variation in vitamin D metabolites in southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) females at south Georgia.

Southern elephant seals spend two periods on land each year, during breeding and moult, exposed to intensive UV radiation. The time between periods on land are spent at sea, with little exposure to the sun. A study of serum 25-OH-D3 and 1,25(OH)2-D3 on southern elephant seals was carried out at South Georgia. Samples were collected on four different occasions: early and late breeding, and early and late moult. The levels of 25-OH-D3 increased when seals were on land, and decreased when at sea. Two annual peaks of 25-OH-D3 were found, both of which immediately followed periods of intensive exposure of UV radiation. 1,25(OH)2-D3 levels showed a seasonal variation, but no significant changes while being on land were detected. The diving behaviour at sea for southern elephant seals and no detectable change in 25-OH-D3 indicates that the seals feed on prey containing vitamin D.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Alternate suction reduces prolonged air leak after pulmonary lobectomy: a randomized comparison versus water seal.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to compare in a prospective randomized fashion two different management schemes for chest tubes after lobectomy: water seal versus alternate suction (suction overnight and water seal during the day). METHODS: Ninety-four patients with air leak on the morning of the first postoperative day were randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 (water seal alone), 47 patients; or group 2 (alternate suction), 47 patients. The groups were then compared in terms of preoperative, operative, and postoperative variables. RESULTS: Alternate suction patients showed a reduced incidence of air leak longer than 4 days (p = 0.04) and longer than 7 days (p = 0.02), a shorter duration of chest tubes in place (p = 0.002), and a shorter postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Alternate suction was superior to water seal alone in reducing the incidence of prolonged air leak and postoperative hospital stay after lobectomy. As suction was applied only overnight, this modality has the same advantage of water seal in terms of early mobilization of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Coordination of microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton is important in osteoclast function, but calcitonin disrupts sealing zones without affecting microtubule networks.

Bone-resorbing osteoclasts form sealing zones and ruffled borders toward the bone surface. The sealing zone consists of a ring-like alignment of F-actin dots and surrounds the ruffled border, from which protons are secreted into the bone surface. Vacuolar-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase) in osteoclasts is a ruffled border-associated enzyme responsible for the proton secretion. We studied the interaction between microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton in osteoclasts. Confocal microscopic observation revealed that osteoclasts on glass coverslips, dentine slices and Osteologictrade mark discs formed the ring-like structure of F-actin dots, and microtubules overlapped the top of the F-actin dots. Osteoclasts cultured on dentine formed resorption pits within 48 h. The treatment of osteoclasts with cytochalasin D, an F-actin-depolymerizing reagent, induced perturbation of the microtubules in osteoclasts on glass and inhibited their pit-forming activity on dentine in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. Conversely, nocodazole, a microtubule-depolymerizing reagent, disrupted sealing zones and inhibited pit-forming activity of osteoclasts in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. V-ATPase showed a tendency to be localized inside sealing zones in osteoclasts. Treatment of osteoclasts with calcitonin induced both disruption of sealing zones and dispersion of V-ATPase to the whole area of the cytoplasm within 60 min. The microtubule networks in osteoclasts remained unchanged for 60 min even in the presence of calcitonin. These results suggest that coordination of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules is important in the function of osteoclasts, but calcitonin selectively affects the actin cytoskeleton and induces the dispersion of V-ATPase without causing significant changes in the microtubules.

Actins↗
PubMed2004

Effect of dentin perfusion on the sealing ability and microtensile bond strengths of a total-etch versus an all-in-one adhesive.

OBJECTIVES: To test the null hypothesis that perfusion of dentin has no effect on the sealing or bond strength in Class V resin composite restorations using a two-step total-etch (Scotchbond 1), or a one-step self-etch (all-in-one) (Prompt L-Pop) adhesive. METHODS: Dentin permeability in Class V cavity preparations cut into extracted human third molars was measured in a fluid transport setup. Resin composites were placed using either Scotchbond 1, or Prompt L-Pop with or without dentin perfusion at 1.47 kPa. Permeability was re-measured, and the reduction in permeability was calculated as a percentage of the initial value. Additionally, microtensile bond strength (microTBS) to dentin was measured. RESULTS: Whereas the ability of Scotchbond 1 to seal dentin was significantly decreased due to dentin perfusion (p = 0.00025), that of Prompt L-Pop was not affected (p = 0.099). Scotchbond 1 produced significantly less dentinal seal than Prompt L-Pop only in the restorations carried out with perfusion (p = 0.0003), in the absence of perfusion, however, the difference was not significant (p = 0.343). Dentin perfusion significantly decreased the microTBS of Scotchbond 1 to dentin (p = 0.001). Due to excessive premature failure during sectioning, microTBS test could not be performed with Prompt L-Pop. SIGNIFICANCE: Dentinal fluid flow may have detrimental effects on the sealing ability of dental adhesives depending on the type of adhesive used. Studies aiming to rank adhesives in relation to their sealing ability in vitro should not disregard dentin perfusion.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue distribution of phocine herpesvirus-1 (PhHV-1) in infected harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from the central Californian coast and a comparison of diagnostic methods.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the tissue distribution of phocine herpesvirus-1 (PhHV-1) DNA in 20 stranded Pacific harbour seals (17 pups and three seals older than one year) that died during rehabilitation. The aim was to begin to define stages of infection and to investigate the relation between the presence of PhHV-1 in tissues, histological lesions and serology. PhHV-1 DNA was detected in a wide range of tissues from 10/17 pups and 3/3 subadults or adults. Different clinical patterns emerged from the examination of ante- and post-mortem samples. These patterns probably represented pups with active PhHV-1 infection, pups recovering from infection, and older harbour seals with chronic, reactivated infection. As PhHV-1 DNA was detected in tissues in the absence of typical histological lesions in seven seals and in the absence of PhHV-1 specific antibodies in four seals, it is clear that both histological examination and serology underestimate the presence of infection. These results showed that infection can occur in the absence of obvious disease and that seroconversion may be associated with clinical recovery.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed2006

After-cataract evaluation after using balanced salt solution, distilled deionized water, and 5-fluorouracil with a sealed-capsule irrigation device in the eyes of 4-week-old rabbits.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the Perfect Capsule sealed-capsule irrigation device (Milvella Pty., Ltd.) using 3 substances in young rabbit eyes. SETTING: St. Erik's Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. METHODS: Thirty 4-week-old rabbits had clear lens extraction in both eyes. In 1 randomly selected eye, the Perfect Capsule was applied and the lens capsule was irrigated for 5 minutes with 1 of 3 substances: balanced salt solution (BSS), distilled deionized water (DDW), or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 50 mg/mL. In the other eye, no sealed capsule irrigation was used. Forty days postoperatively, the animals were killed and the eyes fixed in formalin for histologic analysis. After-cataract was evaluated in 3 ways: clinically, from photographs, and histologically. Central posterior capsule thickness was evaluated using a microscope, camera, and computer. RESULTS: The Perfect Capsule sealed-capsule irrigation system could be used in all selected eyes. The vacuum to the anterior capsule was tight, and the system was sealed in all eyes. After-cataract developed in the BSS group and DDW group, but not in the 5-FU group. The 5-FU group had significantly less after-cataract than the other 2 groups (P<.05). There was no difference between the groups in capsule thickness. CONCLUSIONS: The Perfect Capsule sealed-capsule irrigation system could be used in small eyes. Distilled deionized water did not prevent after-cataract in rabbit eyes with highly proliferative cells, but 5-FU was effective in preventing after-cataract.

Acetates↗
PubMed2005

Safety assessment methodology in management of spent sealed sources.

Environmental hazards can be caused from radioactive waste after their disposal. It was therefore important that safety assessment methodologies be developed and established to study and estimate the possible hazards, and institute certain safety methodologies that lead and prevent the evolution of these hazards. Spent sealed sources are specific type of radioactive waste. According to IAEA definition, spent sealed sources are unused sources because of activity decay, damage, misuse, loss, or theft. Accidental exposure of humans from spent sealed sources can occur at the moment they become spent and before their disposal. Because of that reason, safety assessment methodologies were tailored to suit the management of spent sealed sources. To provide understanding and confidence of this study, validation analysis was undertaken by considering the scenario of an accident that occurred in Egypt, June 2000 (the Meet-Halfa accident from an iridium-192 source). The text of this work includes consideration related to the safety assessment approaches of spent sealed sources which constitutes assessment context, processes leading an active source to be spent, accident scenarios, mathematical models for dose calculations, and radiological consequences and regulatory criteria. The text also includes a validation study, which was carried out by evaluating a theoretical scenario compared to the real scenario of Meet-Halfa accident depending on the clinical assessment of affected individuals.

Environment↗
PubMed2005

Predictive value of the user seal check in determining half-face respirator fit.

Guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization state that healthcare workers should wear N95 masks or higher-level protection during all contact with suspected cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Before use, the manufacturer recommends performing a user seal check to ensure that the mask is fitted correctly. This study aimed to test the ability of the user seal check to detect poorly fitting masks. This study is a retrospective review of a mask-fitting programme carried out in the intensive care unit of the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong. In this programme, all staff were tested with two types of N95 mask and one type of N100 mask. The results of the documented user seal check were then compared with the formal fit-test results from a PortaCount. Using a PortaCount reading of 100 as the criterion for a correctly fitted mask, the user seal check wrongly indicated that the mask fitted on 18-31% of occasions, and wrongly indicated that it did not fit on 21-40% of occasions. These data indicate that the user seal check should not be used as a surrogate fit test. Its usefulness as a pre-use test must also be questioned.

Female↗