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PubMed1995

[Tuberculosis control in Scandinavia].

Compared with the rest of the world, the situation regarding tuberculosis is favourable in the Nordic countries. In 1993, the incidence for persons born in respective country (per 100,000 of the population) was 4.1 in Denmark, 3.2 in Iceland and Sweden, 3.8 in Norway and 10.0 in Finland. The respective average figures for foreign-born residents were 6-14 times higher. Programmes for contending with tuberculosis have been uniform in the Nordic countries, with the exception of BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination policy, though childhood tuberculosis is rare in the area. However, tuberculosis represents a manifest problem among the foreign-born population, first and foremost among the increasing number of refugees.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Hepatitis C in Scandinavia].

The Nordic countries constitute a low hepatitis C prevalence area, only 0.05-0.30 percent of new blood donors are being found to be seropositive. However, hepatitis C is very common among such risk groups as intravenous drug abusers and patients with bleeding disorders. Though normally mild in the acute phase, hepatitis C usually results in a permanent carrier state and often in chronic asymptomatic liver inflammation, even liver cirrhosis in some cases. Therapeutic guidelines are still in the process of development, and intensive studies of alpha-interferon and oral tribavirin are in progress also in the Nordic countries.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1994

[Accidents and accident mortality in Denmark--a comparison with Scandinavia and Europe].

As the development in mean age of the population and life expectancy has been less favourable in Denmark than in the rest of Western Europe, the Ministry of Health decided to investigate statistics for the period, 1972-1990, for the main areas where Danish life expectancy was poorer. A sharp increase in the incidence of accidental poisoning with medical drugs and alcohol during the period was found to be a factor contributing to the poorer Danish statistics during the period. In the subcategory, death after a fall, there was an increase in incidence among the elderly, but the loss of life-years remained constant. The subcategory, fatal road accidents, manifested a marked reduction in incidence, despite the increase in traffic density during the period, and there was a reduction in the loss of life-years. Thus, in the category, accidental deaths, the increase in the incidence of accidental poisonings would appear to be the only factor contributing to the poorer development in mean age and life expectancy in Denmark.

Accidents↗
PubMed1994

[Heart transplantation in Scandinavia].

Heart transplantation is well established therapy for end-stage heart failure, where no other treatment is available. From 1983 to the end of 1993, 620 heart transplantations were performed in the Nordic countries, the main causes of heart failure being dilated cardiomyopathy and ischaemic heart disease. The 1-year and 5-year actuarial survival rates were above 80 per cent and 70 per cent, respectively, which are higher than corresponding figures reported by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation. The indications and contra-indications for heart transplantation, pre-operative evaluation and outcome are discussed in the article.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cadaveric organ donation in Scandinavia, 1992.

In countries with active organ transplant programs and wide acceptance criteria for transplant recipients, such as the four Scandinavian countries, the need for organ grafts has outgrown the supply of cadaveric organs. We cannot expect to attain the maximum number of cadaveric donors every year and in every procurement area because the number of donors depends not only on the efficacy of the procurement program but also on the age of the population, incidence of road traffic accidents, treatment facilities, and other factors. The maximum numbers are set as a goal to strive for, however, Countries that participate in an exchange of cadaver organs to obtain well-matched kidneys for uremic patients and life-saving grafts at a suitable time for heart, lung, and liver recipients, must all have the same approximate number of cadaver donors. Major imbalances in the number of donors and also in the number of patients waiting for a transplantation may result in the supply of organ allografts for one country or region being met by the population of another region. With confidence we are looking forward to the impact of intensified public information and education of hospital personnel on the gap between demand and supply of organ allografts.

Attitude↗
PubMed1993

[NordRAI analyses geriatric care in Scandinavia].

A Nordic project, NordRAI, has been launched to provide a common basis for the evaluation of institutionalised geriatric care. It is hoped that the project will shed light upon differences in practice, quality, and the use of resources, and that the resulting findings will enable more rapid improvements to be made in the care of the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Prenatal diagnosis in Scandinavia].

Prenatal diagnosis in the form of cytogenetic analysis of cultured fetal cells was introduced in the early 1970's in the Nordic countries. The total number of analyses carried out in 1970-1990 was approximately 70,000 in Denmark, which has the largest number of investigations, and approximately 7,500 in Norway having the lowest rate per 1,000 live births. Since the 1970's there has been access to induced abortions in all the Nordic countries. Table III shows the total number of analyses during 1988-1990 as well as total number of prenatal investigations per 1,000 live births. Table IV presents the percentage of chorionic samples in relation to the total number of investigations and Table VI shows the number of induced abortions in pregnancies with prenatally diagnosed abnormal fetuses. An English version of the article can be obtained from the authors.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗